Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V (Bicol)
Division of City Schools
MASBATE NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
Masbate City

PHYSICAL SCIENCE
2nd SEMESTER, SY. 2020-2021

3rd QUARTER WEEK - 4

Name of Learner: _________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

Section: ______________________________________________________ Date: ________________

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT
Why is it that water and oil do not mix? What causes this behavior? When your shirt got stained with grease,
what substance do you use to remove the stain? These are some questions that have something to do with the polarity
of molecules.

In the previous Activity sheet, you have learned that covalent molecules can be determined as polar and
nonpolar molecules based on their electronegativity differences and molecular geometries. How can we use those
concepts to understand the properties of a substance?

This LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET will expose you on how the properties of the different compounds are
related to their chemical structures.

It is important that you know how the properties of matter relate to their chemical structures and how it
influences physical, chemical, and biological behavior of substances. In this way, you can appreciate more the things
that you are using in your everyday life.

Please use this LAS with due care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this LAS except in the space
provided. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests if necessary. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this LAS or any difficulty in answering the
tasks, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

II. LEARNING SKILLS/CONTENT

This LAS was created so that you will be able to;
 Define solubility;
 Identify compounds as miscible or immiscible; and
 Relate the properties of molecules to its polarity.

Knowledge of the polar and nonpolar characteristics of a substance is very important in the dissolution
process. As a rule, nonpolar compound dissolves in nonpolar solvents, and polar compounds dissolve in polar
solvents. In short, like dissolves like.

Polar molecules will mix to form solutions and nonpolar molecules will also mix to form solutions, but a polar
and nonpolar combination will not form a solution. Water is a polar molecule and oil is a nonpolar molecule. Thus,
they will not form a solution. On the other hand, since alcohol is a polar molecule, it will form a solution with water.
Moreover, oil and kerosene are both nonpolar substances; thus, they will form a solution.

Polar molecules are molecules in which the overall dipole moment in a molecule does not cancel out. The
chemical structure of water is seen below.

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 Since water has a bent shape and the hydrogen-oxygen bonds have significant dipole
moments that do not cancel out; water is a polar molecule. Generally, molecules with
oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms and ionizable group (-CO 2H and –SO2H) tend to be polar.

The chemical structure of vegetable oil is seen below.

The long fatty acid chains mainly contain carbon-hydrogen
bonds which have essentially no dipole moment. Therefore,
oil is nonpolar. Generally, the more carbon and hydrogen
atoms a molecule have, the more nonpolar it will be.

Liquids will mix when both are polar or both are nonpolar,
but do not mix when one is polar and the other is nonpolar.
This phenomenon happens because polar molecules have
partially positive and partially negative sides to them. When
they are next to other molecules that are polar, the partially
positive side of one molecule can align with the partially
negative side of another molecule, making the system more
stable than if there were no other charges in solution (the
case for nonpolar solutions).

Since the oil and water do not mix, this shows that polar and
non-polar solutions do not mix.

On the other hand, kerosene, having chemical formula of C 16H32 is long chain hydrogen and carbon
(hydrocarbon) molecule has definitely no positive and negative ends; thus, making kerosene a nonpolar molecule.
This makes kerosene miscible with oil but not in water.
Sugar the common name for sucrose has a molecular formula of C 12H22O11 and has a structural formula shown on the
left. The bond between O-H bonds gives partial negative on the
oxygen atom and a partial positive on the hydrogen atom just like
with water. This makes sugar a polar compound, thus, soluble in water but
insoluble in oil.

III. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

EXERCISE 1:
Directions: Identify what is asked or described in each item then write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following compounds is miscible/soluble in water?

a. oil b. kerosene c. sugar d. all of the above
2. “Like dissolves like” means,
a. atom of the same element can be mixed together to form a solution.
b. substance of the same polarity can be mixed together to form a solution.
c. substance of the same phases (solid, liquid, gas) can combine to form a solution.
d. molecules of the same electronegativity can be mixed together to form a solution.
3. Which of the following substances is miscible in oil?
a. Kerosene b. sugar c. water d. all of the above
4. Which of the following pairs will be soluble with one another?
a. Br2 and CCl4 b. H2O and CCl4 c. oil and water d. vinegar and kerosene.
5. Soap is a substance used to forcedly mix oil and water. This is called a/a _________.
a. a. cleaning agent b. emulsifier c. colloid d. all of the above

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 EXERCISE 2: Predicting Solubility and Polarity
Directions: Determine the polarity of molecules and predict if it soluble or insoluble in water or in oil. Put
check () if it is soluble and (x) if it is not.

Substance Dissolves in H2O? Dissolves in oil? Polar or Nonpolar

Sugar (C12H22O11)  x Polar
Kerosene (C16H32) x  Nonpolar
Candle wax (C25H52)
Carbon dioxide
(CO2)
Nitrogen (N2)
Ammonia (NH3)
Chlorine (Cl2)
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Isopropyl alcohol
(C3H7OH)
Muriatic Acid (HCl)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Lubricating oil

Based on the activity performed, what is solubility?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

How does the polarity of molecule affect solubility?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 3: 3D (three dimensional) VSEPR Model

To strengthen what you have learned, perform the following additional tasks:

Create a poster showing the importance of handwashing and/or hand-sanitizing to prevent the spread of
coronavirus. Remember to apply what you have learned on the property of polar and nonpolar molecules. Please be
guided with the rubrics below.

IV. RUBRIC for Poster

5 4 3 2 1
Content is Content is Content is
Content is either
Content accurate but accurate but inaccurate.
questionable or
Poster contains Content is some required some required Information is
incomplete.
appropriate accurate and all information is information is incomplete,
Information is
items and required missing and/or missing and/or inaccurate, or
not presented in
information information is not presented in not presented in not presented in
a logical order,
(information is presented in a a logical order, a logical order, a logical order,
making it
appropriate to logical order. but is still making it making it
difficult to
assigned topic). generally easy to difficult to difficult to
follow.
follow. follow. follow.
Presentation Presentation is Presentation is Presentation Presentation is Presentation has
Poster is clean, neat, clean, well- mostly neat and flows well. unorganized. no flow.
neat, and organized clean. Some tools are Tools are not Insufficient
creative. The and Information is used to show used in a information and
information is presented in a organized in a acceptable relevant manner. lacking some of
well organized, creative way. logical manner understanding. Lacking some of the member’s
interesting, Presentation is and shows some Each member’s the members’ information.

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 colorful and degree of
accurate, and information is
creative. creativity. The information/ and
reflects an represented and
Information is overall or information is
understanding of identified with
interesting and presentation is not identified
the topic. their name.
accurate. interesting.
Pictures, Clip
Art and Images, pictures, Images, pictures,
Artwork clip art and and clip art and
Most images
Images, pictures, drawn drawn artwork Images are
and/or artwork is
clip art and artwork is are mostly inappropriate
are colorful and
drawn artwork colorful, and colorful and and artwork
appropriate. The
are colorful and appropriate to appropriate. shows little, if No images or
layout shows
appropriate to the Layout may any, creativity. artwork
little creativity
the assigned topic. Layout show some The layout is included.
and/or is not
topic. The layout flows well, degree of messy,
organized
flows well and shows creativity but is disorganized or
logically or
shows creativity. creativity, and is not organized cluttered.
cluttered.
The overall pleasing to the logically and/or
result is pleasing eye. is cluttered.
to the eye.
No more than 5 No more than 7
A few (2-3)
Mechanics No spelling, spelling, spelling, More than 7
errors in
Spelling, grammar, or grammar or grammar or spelling,
spelling,
grammar, and punctuation punctuation punctuation grammar or
grammar or
punctuation in errors in the text. errors. Several errors. Most of punctuation
punctuation.
any text on the Text is in the instances where text is not in errors. Text is
Most text is in
poster is student’s own the text is not in authors’ own copied or not
student’s own
accurate. words. student’s own words and/or no included.
words.
words. text included.
The poster
Overall fulfills all but
The poster
Presentation one of the
fulfills
The poster requirements of
all requirements
fulfills all the assignment
of the
requirements of and shows that
assignment
the assignment the student put
and represents
and shows the forth an honest
the student’s full
student’s full effort to
potential.
potential. complete the
assignment.

V. REFLECTION
What did you learn from this lesson/activity?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

VI. ANSWER KEY

Exercise 1
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B

Exercise 2
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VII. REFERENCES
Physical Science Quarter 3 – Module 4: Polarity of Molecules (Region V-Bicol)
Physical Science, Teaching Guide for Senior High School, Commission on Higher Education, 2016, pp. 66 – 77

Prepared by:

(Sgd.) DARYL KIM C. ONDEZ

Teacher II

Recommending Approval:

(Sgd.) MARK BRYAN B. LOTERTE

MT-II/ GAS Coordinator

Approved:

(Sgd.) EDWIN G. RETURAN

HT III/ OIC-SHS

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