BEIE ASSIGNMENT-3

Report on Motors
ARUN ROACHE AR J
311120106006
A universal motor is a special type of motor which is designed to run either on DC or
single phase AC supply. Universal Motors are so named because they can run both
on AC as well as DC. A universal motor has a high starting torque and variable
speed characteristics. Such motor runs at dangerously high speeds during no load.
The universal motor is basically a series DC motor which is specially designed to
operate on AC as well as on DC. A standard DC series motor has very poor
characteristics when operated on AC, mainly due to two reasons:
 The high reactance of both the armature and field windings limits AC
current to a much lower value than DC current for the same line
voltage.
 If solid steel is used for the stator frame, AC flux will produce large
eddy currents in the frame with consequent heating.

Types of Universal Motor:

There are two types of Universal Motor:
 Non-compensated Type with Concentrated Poles
 Compensated Type with Distributed Field.

Application of Universal Motor:

 Universal motors find their use in various home appliances like vacuum
cleaners, drink and food mixers, domestic sewing machine etc.
 The higher rating universal motors are used in portable drills, blenders
etc.

Stepper Motors
Stepper Motor Basics
 

A stepper motor is an electric motor whose main feature is that its shaft
rotates by performing steps, that is, by moving by a fixed amount of
degrees. This feature is obtained thanks to the internal structure of the
motor, and allows to know the exact angular position of the shaft by simply
counting how may steps have been performed, with no need for a sensor.
Stepper Motor Uses and Applications
 Printers: Printheads, Paper Feed, Scan Bar,3D Printers: XY Table Drive, Media Drive, Robots:
Arms, End Effectors, DSLR Cameras: Aperture/Focus Regulation, Video Cameras: Pan, Tilt,
Zoom, Focus, Engraving Machines: XY Table Motion, ATM Machines: Bill Movement, Tray
Elevators

Brushless DC Motors
A brushless DC motor consists of a rotor in the form of a permanent
magnet and stator in the form of polyphase armature windings. It differs
from the conventional dc motor in such that it doesn’t contain brushes and
the commutation is done using electrically, using an electronic drive to feed
the stator windings.

Principle of Working
The principles for the working of BLDC motors are the same as for a
brushed DC motor, i.e., the internal shaft position feedback. In the case of
a brushed DC motor, feedback is implemented using a mechanical
commutator and brushes. Within BLDC motor, it is achieved using multiple
feedback sensors.

7 Advantages of Brushless DC Motors

 Better speed versus torque characteristics
 High dynamic response
 High efficiency
 Long operating life due to a lack of electrical and friction losses
 Noiseless operation
 Higher speed ranges

Applications:
Applications that use the BLDC Motor include, yet are not constrained to:

 Consumer electronics
 Transport
 Heating and ventilation
 Industrial engineering
 Model engineering