pl]lme=sm«

Speed of light in vacum C

=
2.9979 × 10"m 54

Charge ofelectron e 1.602 × 10- I9c

Gravitational c onstant G 6.673 × 10"Nd kg-
Pmck c onstant li 6.626 × 10-341 s

Boltmann c onstant k 1.381 × 10-"J K-1

Avogadn» number Nx 6.022 × loz3mof

Universal g as c onstant R 8.3141 mor'rc'

Mass of electron
me 9.110_k kg
Mass of neumn
1.675 × IG"k8
Mass of proton
nz p 1.673 × 10 -z7 kg
Elemn« harse to m ass ratio e lm . 1.759 × 10"mg
Faraday c onstant F 9.648 × 10 4 C/mol

Rydberg c onstant R 1.097 × 10 7 m-1

Bohr radim a, 5.292 ×10-II m

St emBolt zmann c onstant 4
s.670 × 104 W m-' K
cr

Wien's Constant b 2.898 × 10 -a mK

Permit t iviiy of flee ₩ e
Eo 8.854 × I(T"C Wm-Z
1/4rr eu 8.987×10' Nm2c Z

Permeability of free sp e ic e
pln
4tr X I(T Tm A +

Other useful constants

Mechanical equivalent of heat 14.1861 cal-1

S tandard atmospheric pre ssure atm 1.013 × IOSpa
Absolute zem 0 K 273. isr
Electron volt I ev 1.602× lo-19j
Unified Atomic m ass unit Iu 1.661 × lqr 2 7 kg
Electron rest energy 0.511 Mev
of]
mc2

EnerBF eqdvalmt
Volume of ideal gas(o
O
C and lat m)
1

V
uc 2
4
931.5 Mev
L mor'
Accelmt ion d u le to gravit y 99.78049 m S -2
(se a lmel, at equator)
 R a d i u r o f g yrati o n

M o nment of i nani a

An* u l a r

Mmar

Awm
W» vel eng rh

Hubble
mo mc nl tm

o f fa ¢c e.

mo me n t o f c o u pl e

T b m ru e

freq uenc y

c o mta n t

In tm sir y o f wave
n
M
m×{Miw

wloc iqr

P m e =d ista n c e

2=x

(Enn*
P re q u ¢

D lr la n m

ymm
ncy
of rymd o ntp

of ine * ti*

An su la r m om m u m Aim q
X

s p eed l d i ** n c e
M

IT ']

[L]

[LT y[L]
1
ML
EL:]

[ML'l IT 'I

[ML'T']/[71

[MLT

T/TYL']
I]
W Tl
W' T]

W'T']

Brw]
[MLT']

m"r]
》
IM'L r]

lx['

41 Em c ie n c y mm orm'u
In p u t wo R or« m r g y
IML'T
lm'T' I
I IWL'r]

43 Anwbrimpm w×m [ML'P][T] [ML'r]

4 4 .0mvliatioml Fmex (d b tmc e)2 IWT'lIL'! [* r'W)
c ot» tm l mmx m a s s IMI IMI

43. P l anc k c on sln n t Enm, * eq uenc y lml-1/1 ww

 ⼀
sHinc m crwity He a Ene lw IML' rnw IK] ML'P K]

Hmmnw-[ML' wa=
ex
T:]4Ml

Th e r m a l Clunp I nd i n 《d o n n]¢ LI[K] mTi

c oc m c im o r
Th e r m a l cxwiviw

T hmal Mmviw [Mlr X]

IL'"17
Bu lk m Mu h ts
or (commiulhy)-I
ruH
m
[v LT]

⼀
ac c c lm M

WTK7

⼀
Wc n co nmm [lw LT·K]

⼀〜⼀
p o mtial,
el¢ mmoriw a
H*
⼀ P b kn ti/I d im r e n c e IML' T'A''I
W LTA)
mTA]

m'a AJ
Cumt [A]
C* p * c i tanc e Ctwre /pote nuddim m c * IAT) WL rA?]

Rc d r ta n c e X m [ML'P A 4] W'P Al
rc * irrivrty [L']4L]
l ens rh
or (elecml
¢o nd uclivityr'

Emc H el d Ele c tr ic /I meMp [MLTnA11 [MlT A''I

: dipo l C

₩
⼀
IMLT· A'ii
mT A-' ]
1; mmi flc renc e

⼀
⼀,.

P ermmb i l i ty c om nt ZR· lb « r=mce NL'T]t MLT 4 rim [MlT A

(of=rc r p * ce ) c u n 《n l x c u m e n t=le n in [A]IA][LI

◆comlm=[m/imol)
:l«¢ lilhtinwcuum LT 'YLT '] ML· r]
R el i nc ti ve i nd ex

rln
51:
5 1:
S peed of in me d im

A* op d r o Ob P L' TA
co nst

Waw numb er amwelm IMTW EL] m« tl

mi* n « nux. Mr«
p o w«
Emw emi mi d M me IML'rm wn
Lum im iryof md i ant imp o * 《o r ndimm [ML
a

T']/[MTT] [! «
'

ux o r Mian: md« llr

intm iw
Lum inowpm r
Iu m in om n u x o f
or Inmhmwwmiud
l i me
[m a

rm W'r)
 W-
or
[ML'"yIL') mw

R el ati vel umi nmi ty

⼀
83. I, umi nnua ¢ m d #lic y

⼀⼀
8 4. Ilhuninance o r

⼀-⼀~⼀
i l h i mi n a ti o n

m d e fe c t

B i nd i nB e n « w of

⼀
nuc k us

⼀
Dmy c o n s ta n t

89.

⼀-
⼀〜⼀.
P o wer o f ka r

mg niliminn

9 2. P l ui d l l o wrate («m 11)hm)· IML-'T H lIL']

W(
93 C* p rc i ri ve reac tanc e (Ansulu Mq umcy· lr'r [M L
4
T 4A 2 r W'B A3
₩
* iu n e e f'
9 4. I nd uc ti ve reaciancc« Ang ul ar Mwwy· 17]T ML'r A"] filtLIiilj
 *=bel
Ar e a squ a r e m e tr e mz

Vo lume
S p e e d , » elmity
c u b ic m e tr e
m e tr e p e r se c on d
i na
mlii or m il
mMqr
Ang» la r r a d ia n p e r se c on d rad/=or rad ' afl
-2
Mleration m e tr e p e r se c on d mlaa or m &

Angular acce le ralim

e qu a r e
rad ian p e r se c on d rad/ra or mH
squ a r e
nrl

a
Wave m tm be r p e r m e tr e
De nsiw, m a ss d e nsity kilo Bram p e r c u b ic kg /ma or kg ma
m e tr e
Cunent d e naity a m p e r e p e r squ a r e Alm a or A m -a

niiii A ml
m e tre
M ₩ tic Ge ld
iate naily, mag p e tio
masneti
mment
a m p e r e p e r m e tn e

de naiw
m ole p e r c u b ic m e tr e mo llma or m ol nra

ma/kg or ma kg'
S p e cilic m um e

m m inanc e , intemiw of
ld o g ram
c a n d e la p e r squ a r e cd/h* or c d a
iumnation m e tre
m e tr e p e r male or m a arl
Kin e m a tic viamiw
se c on d
Momenm m e tr e p e r k& m iFr

l
se c on d
kilo g ram e qu a r e m e tr e kg ma
Mment o f ine rtia
mtibiii
expanaime=_mp
m e tr e
Rad ius' b f
Linear/superEm/volume p e r ke lvin
Tl
rm rate c u b ic m e tr e
o nd
per
 iil
⼀
kg m wa or

⼀⼀
nrlra

⼀
kg or

Aor W A· \ ⼀
⼀
⼀
⼀.

v
Jlkg a#o r ma·

3 S om e SI Derived Unit s expressed by means of SI Unit s with special ni

Mag ne tic mo me nt
sAm

: :' .'"-.'Kg
j c ou lom b m e tr e I_Cm J4

pomum or pas'" S'

se c on d or ne wto n

Mmmt
mond p cr
me tre
e qu a r e
L—— m kg B'
m
a

Torque . c ou p le . ne wto n m e tr e N m
of
S u r fa c e te nalo n
Fb we r dc nally,
ne wto n p c r me tre
watt p e r sq uare me tre
BRam
W/m
kg=+
kg a*
miamce. Hm t Uux
 m Spem
spem e n tr op y
S p ec mc
heat
h« at mpacy.
e n e r g y. Ia te n t

Rad iant ir r te n siw

1h e r m a ] condumw
j""pC,
J o ul e p e r
k""q=a
J o ul e p e r kllog Fa m
ke lvin
kilo g ram

watt p e r e te r a d ia n
wa tt p e r m e tr e ke lm
J/lg
m? hg a OK'

Ene rg y de m iw J o ul e p e r c u b ic m e tr e
Elem G el d stre ng th vo lt p e r m e tr e
He ctrl« c hrge d e n a tty c o n l o mb p e r c u b ic
m e tr e
c o u l o mh p e r squ a r e
m e tr e
Prml tuviv fa ra c ip e r m e tr e
P e r m e a b llity he my p er m e tr e
M o l ar enw J o ul e p e r m ole ol

Ang ular m m e ntum , J o ul e s e c o n d

P l a n c k' s c on sta n t
Mom e n tr op y, m ola r J o ul e p e r m o l e kelm /m ol K
h e a t cap aciw

Exp osu r e (· -rays a n d c ou lom b p e r Wo g ram sA

r ·r a ys)
Ab sor b e d d ose r a te g r a y p e r s ec o nd

Com p r e ssib illly p e r p as c al

Emm mo d m n e wton p er squ a r e or N
m e tr e
P r e ssu r e g r a d ie n t p a sc a l p e r m e tr e

sm ac e p o tmtial J o ul e p e r kilo g ram

msure enm p as c a] c u b i c m e tr e
n e wton m ond
Ang ular Im p u lse n e wton m e tr e m ond
S p ec mc r e sista n c e ob m m e tr e

APPENDIX A7
:NERAL GUIDELWES FOR US ING S YMBOLS FOR PHYSICAL SUANT IT IES, CHEM
ELEMENT S AM NUCUDES

m b ols fo r physic al quantitie s a r e norm ally sin g le l e tte rs and printe d in ita lie (or slop l
,
we ve r,in c a se of th e two le tte r sym bols. Ap p e aring a s a facbr in a produc t, som e S
ce ssary to se p arate this symb o l fmm othe r sym bols.
b re viatio ns, I.e ., sho rte ne d fo rms of name s or e xpre ssions, such a s P.e . For p o te ntia
3 mt u se d in physic al e quations. T he se ab b re viatio ns in th e text are written in
rm al/rom an (upright)type .
t to rs a r e printe d in b o l d and norrnal/rom an (uprlghti typ e . Ho we ve r. In rlass ro o m s i

: brs m ay b e ind icate d by an arro w o n the top of the sym bol.

rltiplic ation or produc t oft w physic al quanti tie s i s written with som e sp acing b e twe
v isio n of on e physic al quantity by anothe r m ay b e ind icate d with a ho riz o ntal b a