University of Southern

California EE 516-F19

Lecture 1:
Course
Introduction

Dr. Mohammed Beshir

August 26, 2019 1
EE 516: HVDC Transmission
Systems – Syllabus
Prerequisite: EE443: Knowledge of Power System e Fundamentals

Instructor: Dr. Mohammed Beshir

EEB 202
213-740-6433
beshir@usc.edu
Office Hours: Wednesdays 3:30 – 4:30 pm

TA: Backer Abu-Jaradeh; abujarad@usc.edu

Office hours: Tuesday 4-5 pm; OHE 336

Text: HVDC Transmission: Power Conversion Applications in Power Systems,

by Chan-Ki Kim, Vijay K. Sood, Gil-Soo Jang, Seong-Joo Lim,
and Seok-Jin Lee;
IEEE Press, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) 2009;
ISBN 978-0-470-82295

Supplemental reading material will also be provided

Grading: Homework 25%

Term Paper 25%
2
Midterm Exam 25% M. J. Beshir
Final exam 25% 8-22-18
EE 516 Syllabus (cont.)
⚫ Course Introduction:
Power System Fundamentals and Review of AC System
⚫ Development of HVDC Technology
⚫ Power Conversion – Converter Theory and Performance Equations
⚫ Harmonics of HVDC and Removal
⚫ Control of HVDC Converter and System
⚫ Interaction between AC and DC
⚫ Main Circuit Design
⚫ Fault Behavior and Protection of HVDC
⚫ Insulation Coordination of HVDC
⚫ Practical Examples of an HVDC System
⚫ Other Converter Configuration for HVDC Transmission
⚫ Modeling and Simulation of HVDC systems
⚫ Present and Proposed Future Installation of HVDC systems
⚫ Trends for HVDC Application
⚫ Power System Research Project 3
M. J. Beshir
8-22-18
 Week Date Subject Readings HW
August 28, Review of AC System and Development of HVDC HW 1 Assign
1 Chapter 1
2019 Technology
September 4, HW 2 Assign
2 Development of HVDC Technology Chapter 1
2019 HW 1 Due

EE 516 3
September 11,
2019
September 18,
Power Conversion – Converter Theory and
Performance Equations I
Power Conversion – Converter Theory and
Chapter 2
HW 3 Assign
HW 2 Due
HW 4 Assign
4 Chapter 2

Syllabus
2019 Performance Equations II HW 3 Due
September 25, Harmonics of HVDC and Removal, HW 5 Assign
5 Chapter 3
2019 PSCAD Modeling HW 4 Due

(cont.) October 2, HW 6 Assign

6 Control of HVDC Converter and System I Chapter 4
2019 HW 5 Due
October 9, HW 7 Assign
7 Control of HVDC Converter and System II Chapter 4
2019 HW 6 Due
October 16, HW 8 Assign
8 Interaction between AC and DC Chapter 5
2019 HW 7 Due
October 23, Midterm Exam (Technical tour-Friday, October Room: RTH-115
9
2019 25, 2019) 10/23/19, 6-8 pm
October 30, HW 9 Assign
10 Main Circuit Design (Project Plan Due) Chapter 6
2019 PP+HW 8 Due
Fault Behavior and Protection of HVDC, Insulation HW 10 Assign
November 6, Chapters
11 Coordination of HVDC, and Modeling and
2019 7, 8 &11 HW 9 Due
Simulation of HVDC systems
November 13, HW 11 Assign
12 Other Converter Configuration for HVDC Chapter 10
2019 HW 10 Due
November 20, Practical Examples of an HVDC System (and Term HW 12 Assign
13 Chapter 9
2019 Paper Presentation) HW 11 Due
November 27,
14 Thanksgiving
2019
Present and Proposed Future Installation of HVDC Term Paper Due
December 4, Chapters
15 systems, and Trends for HVDC Application (and
2019 12&13 HW 12 Due
Term Paper due)
4
December 11, Room: RTH-115
16 Final Exam M. J. Beshir
2019 12/11/19, 6-8 pm
8-22-18
 EE516 Registration
Information and Class Schedule

⚫ Class is 5:30 - 9:10 PM in Room RTH-115

⚫ Breakers:
⚫ - two 10-minute breaks at 6:30 and 7:30 pm or
⚫ - one 20-minute break at 7:00 pm
5
M. J. Beshir
8-22-18
About Me
⚫ Education:
⚫ BSEE: Iowa State University
⚫ MSEE and Ph.D. EE: University of Southern California
⚫ Masters in Business Administration (MBA): Pepperdine
University
⚫ Utility Experience:
⚫ 32 years with utility as Engineer/Manager/Director
⚫ Worked in all areas of electric power business – planning,
design, operations, procurement, marketing, contracts,
regulatory, project management, etc.
⚫ Teaching:
⚫ EE 443 – Introduction to Power Systems
⚫ EE 444 – Power Systems Technology
⚫ EE 521 – Power System Analysis and Design
⚫ EE 526 – Renewable Energy in Power Systems 6

EE 516 – HVDC Transmission Systems

M. J. Beshir
⚫ 8-22-18
Course Introduction – Power
System Fundamentals and
Review of AC Systems

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M. J. Beshir
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Worldwide Population, Energy
Need and GDP is Rising
Population Primary energy GDP
Billion Billion toe Trillion, $2009 PPP
Forecast Forecast Forecast
8 12 100
OECD OECD OECD
7 Non-OECD
Non-OECD 10 Non-OECD
80
6
8
5 60
4 6

3 40
4
2
20
2
1

0 0 0
1970 1990 2010 2030 1970 1990 2010 2030 1970 1990 2010 2030
8
M. J. Beshir
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Human Development and
Energy Consumption
UN Human Development Index and energy consumption, 2017
HDI

1.0 Line of best fit

0.8

Sample of
0.6 countries

0.4
80% of
0.2 population

0.0
0 100 200 300 400 500
Gigajoules/head
M. J. Beshir
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 Electric Power System

Generation

Transmission
(69 to 765 kV)
Large Industrial Service

Sub-Transmission
(35 to 138 kV)

Transmission
Industrial Service
Substation
Distribution
(7.2 to 35 kV)

Distribution
Substation Farms M. J. Beshir
Buildings Homes
8-22-18
US Electric Energy
Resource

M. J. Beshir 11
8-22-18
 Electric Power System

Generation

Transmission
(69 to 765 kV)
Large Industrial Service

Sub-Transmission
(35 to 138 kV)

Transmission
Industrial Service
Substation
Distribution
(7.2 to 35 kV)

Distribution
Substation Farms M. J. Beshir
Buildings Homes
8-22-18
 Electric Power System

Generation

Transmission
(69 to 765 kV)
Large Industrial Service

Sub-Transmission
(35 to 138 kV)

Transmission
Industrial Service
Substation
Distribution
(7.2 to 35 kV)

Distribution
Substation Farms M. J. Beshir
Buildings Homes
8-22-18
Electric Power Transmission
Systems
⚫ Mainly AC
transmission; very
limited but
growing DC
transmission
today
⚫ Connected to
substations and
transformers

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US and European Electric
Power Transmission Systems

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Today’s Electric Power System
⚫ Power systems can range from
quite small islanded network to a
large system covering a whole
continent
⚫ There are four major
interconnected ac power systems
in North American
⚫ 3-phase AC power system in
North America operates at 60 Hz
(50 Hz is used in some other
countries) 16
M. J. Beshir
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The NERC Electric Grid
Operational Considerations

Central Station
Transmission Distribution
Generation

5,000 plants 160,000 miles Over 1,000,000 miles

5% of average customer 30% of average customer

65% of monthly bill
monthly bill monthly bill
Employs approx. 120,000 Employs approx. 15,000 Employs approx. 400,000
people nationwide people nationwide people nationwide
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M. J. Beshir
EPRI 8-22-18
WECC – the Western
Interconnection
⚫ A massive land area of
nearly 1.8 million square
miles
⚫ Encompasses 14 US
western states, 2
Canadian provinces and
portion of northern
Mexico
⚫ WSCC originally formed
by 40 electric utilities in
1967 (transformed into
WECC 2002)
⚫ Approx 2000 generators
⚫ 120,000 miles of
transmission lines
⚫ 150,000 MW peak load
⚫ 890,000 GWh/yr energy
⚫ Over 80 million
18
customers
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Factors Driving Evolution of
Transmission Requirements
⚫ Increasing distances and voltages
⚫ Interconnection of utilities and
regions
⚫ Economics and reliability
⚫ Environmental issues and
development of renewable
resources
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Global Net Electricity Generation
OECD and non-OECD net electricity generation World electricity use by sector
trillion kilowatthours quadrillion Btu

2015

20

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US Electricity Demand and
Demand Growth

M. J. Beshir 21
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Global Growth in High-voltage
Transmission Capacity

22
Source: IEA (2016, World Energy Investment; IEA (2016), World Energy Outlook (2016).
M. J. Beshir
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Investments in Transmission &
Distribution System Globally

23
Source: IEA (2016, World Energy Investment; IEA (2016), World Energy Outlook (2016).
M. J. Beshir
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Development of HVDC
Technology

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Development of HVDC
Technology Outline
⚫ History
⚫ Application of HVDC
⚫ Comparison of AC and DC
⚫ Advantage of HVDC
⚫ HVDC System Cost
⚫ Overview and Organization of HVDC
Systems
⚫ Review of the HVDC System Reliability
⚫ HVDC Characteristics and Economics
Aspects 25
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 History of AC vs DC Electricity
George Thomas
⚫ Early history: the “Battle of the Currents” Westinghouse
(AC)
Edison
(DC)
⚫ Thomas Edison (DC) vs George Westinghouse (AC)
⚫ AC won…or so it seemed by late 1880s. Why?
• Power loss is proportional to the square - vs -
of the current
− Increase voltage → lower current → lower
losses
• Invention of the transformer allowed voltage to
be stepped up easily for transmission
− But transformers only work for AC → AC power
transmission network
− Hence AC became the preferred medium
• However, AC transmission is hard to
control (power flows where it wants
to flow)
• High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
transmission is more efficient and 26
more controllable M. J. Beshir
8-22-18
 HVDC History
◼ 1930s Efficient static AC/DC conversion (mercury arc valves) was
made possible.

◼ 1940s High Voltage DC (HVDC) bulk power transmission was

studied in Germany.

◼ 1954 First commercial application in Sweden: submarine link

between mainland and Gotland island
(100 kV-20 MW-90 km).

◼ 1970s Thyristors (SCRs) took over; today, HVDC operation

voltages attain 600 kV, transmitted power over 3000 MW.

◼ Today ... DC has made its way back into bulk power systems!
M. J. Beshir
8-22-18
AC VS DC Currents
⚫ Direct Current (DC) is
electrical current which
flows consistently in one
direction.
⚫ Alternating Currents (AC)
is a type of electrical
current, in which the
direction of the flow of
electrons switches back
and forth at regular
intervals or cycles. The
standard current used in
the U.S. is 60 cycles per
second (i.e. a frequency
of 60 Hz); in Europe and
most other parts of the
world it is 50 cycles per
second (i.e. a frequency
of 50 Hz.).
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Typical HVDC Applications
1. Interconnection of non-synchronous AC power
systems, including different frequencies.

2. Power transmission over long undersea cable links.

AC solution requires intermediate compensation.

3. Point-to-point, long-distance transmission of large

amount of power.

For items 1. and 2., HVDC is the only practical solution.

For item 3. the choice of DC or AC transmission is a
matter of technical-economic convenience.

M. J. Beshir
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Ex1. Non-synchronous AC:
NERC Area HVDC Application
Asynchonous borders

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M. J. Beshir
Asynchonous borders 8-22-18
Global System Frequency and
Voltage Standards

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Type 1: No Synchronism with
DC

Frequency B
Frequency A

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Ex 2. Undersea Cable: Europe
Submarine HVDC Application
◼ For a 380 kV-50 Hz AC submarine cable
— maximum practical length is around 100 km
— transmissible power over a single circuit (3 cables) is
around 1000 MW

◼ A bipolar HVDC submarine link can transmit 1000 MW

over several hundreds of km, with 2 cables
— Sa.Pe.I., (Sardinia-Italy).
420 km, 500 kV, 1000 MW.
— NorNed (Norway-Netherlands) 580 km, 450 kV, 700 MW

◼ Several underseecHVDC links in operation or planned in

Italy
M. J. Beshir
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Type 2: Undersee Cable

Country A Undersea Country B

Cable

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HVDC Interconnection in
Europe

⚫ Existing links
⚫ Under construction
⚫ Proposed

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Submarine transmission 3
There are also
Francia 4 other feasibility
Italia
Croazia
5 studies by TERNA
SACOI
(300 MW)
6 Albania
SAPEI
(500+500 MW)
1 GRITA
(500MW)

500÷1000 MW

3
2 500÷1000 MW
500 ÷ 1000 MW

Preliminary studies
Algeria
1 - completed
Tunisia 2 - completed
3 - underway
Libia
4 - underway 36
5 - to be performed HVDC BERLIN '08
6 - to be performed Prof.Giuseppe Veca
M. J. Beshir
28/03/08 @ 14.30.00
8-22-18
AC Transmission Line Models

Distributed Parameter Model neglecting Conductance to Ground

Medium-Length Representation Model

Pin = 3VS I S cos  S = 3VLL , S I S cos  S Pout = 3VR I R cos  R = 3VLL, R I R cos  R

Qin = 3VS I S sin  S = 3VLL , S I S sin  S Qout = 3VR I R sin  R = 3VLL , R I R sin  R

Sin = 3VS I S = 3VLL ,S I S Sout = 3VR I R = 3VLL , R I R

37
M. J. Beshir
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High Surge Impedance Loading
of Cable AC Transmission Line

⚫SIL Loading

⚫MW
⚫Underground

⚫Overhead

⚫Voltage, KV

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End Lecture #1

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