EE222 DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN

LAB 3 – Macro Design and

Implementation of DeMorgan’s

NOA SAULA S11112442

AIM:
 To be introduced to the Circuit Maker Macro Facility
 To be taught on how skills from the Help Manual Circuit Maker.
INTRODUCTION
The program Circuit Maker is one of the important tools that is going to
be needed to fully understand the working of circuits and it is also an
important tool for engineering students. Before having to realize the
hardware aspect of it the circuits have to go through the Circuit Maker
program which simulates the process of it digitally.

Figure [1]

Another important are the Logic gates which also play an important
when dealing with the circuits that have to implement Boolean
functions. Logic gates are the elementary building block of a digital
circuit, they normally have two inputs and one output but they will
change according to the circuit schematics. Logic gates are normally
controlled by low or high voltages which normally act as switches.
There are about seven different types of logic gates which are OR, AND,
NAND, NOR, XOR, NOT and XNOR gates, for this lab we will be looking
at NAND, AND and OR gates.

Figure [2]
INSTRUMENTS
 Working PC with Circuit Maker installed
 NAND gate
 OR gate
 LED
 Power Supply, bread board and wire
METHOD
Part 1: Software Simulation and Design
 The circuit that was to be used for the macro was constructed
using the Circuit Maker and it was saved to the macro.
 Then the macro was simulated and loaded into the Circuit Maker.
The volt supply and ground was connected and the output too.
 All the possible combinations were simulated in the circuit and
the results were noted down.
Part 2: Hardware Design Problem
 NAND gates were used to realize OR gate. The circuit was
connected and was proved by using LED. The truth table was
made. A protection resistor as calculated and implemented.
Part 3: Hardware Design Problem 2
 A 2 2-input AND gate was used to construct a 4-input AND gate. It
was demonstrated using a LED. Also the protection resistor was
used for LED.

Part 4: Software Simulation

 The Circuit Maker was used to construct an AND gate using NAND
gates only. Also the truth table was made.
RESULTS Part 1 Software and Simulation

Figure [3]
Figure [4]
Figure [5]
Part 2 Hardware Problem 1

Fi
gure [6]
 Figure [7]
TRUTH TABLE

A B x
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
11 1 1
Part 3 Hardware 2

Figure [9]

 I did not manage to complete the hardware part because the

breadboard was damaged, Mr. jannif said come to week 6 Friday
and only part 3 hardware.
Discussion
 For the first part we used circuit maker the circuit was saved into
the macro. The three switches were placed and in place of the Y
output, a LED was placed. A voltage source of 15V was supplied to
the circuit and was grounded too. With this setup the possible
values were simulated with the macro, we had to make another
macro to cross-reference our values to confirm it.
 For the second part we had to use NAND gate to realize an OR
gate, it had to be first in Circuit Maker to check for any errors and
then it was done using the hardware components. The output we
obtained was similar to an OR gate so it can be confirmed that
NAND gate can realize an OR gate.
 For part 3 we had to use two 2-input gates to construct a 4-input
gate. I had to simulate first in Circuit Maker first then realize it the
hardware components. I did manage to digitally simulate but
could not realize it with hardware due to breadboard problems.
CONCLUSION
To conclude the internal circuit for the macro was created using
Circuit Maker program. This was also in addition to the other
parts of the lab which required the Circuit Maker program to
firstly simulate it digitally then realize it in the hardware
components. For the hardware in which we used NAND and the
AND gates which was stored in groups of four in a single chip, it
proved that we can use the NAND gate to construct an OR gate
which means it operates as a Universal chip. And it also enables us
the students to fully understand Circuit Maker.
REFERENCE
[1] T. Floyd, Electronic devices, 9th ed.

[2]"About Circuit Maker | Circuit Maker", Circuitmaker.com, 2021.

[Online]. Available: https://circuitmaker.com/About. [Accessed:
02- Apr- 2021].
APPENDIX

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Figur
e [8]