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Determine depth of spread footings for shear

This portion of reinforced concrete design of spreading footing follows the requirement of ACI code 31
used instead of service load. Factored footing pressure is used to determine footing depth and reinforcem

The topics include:

• Punching shear (Two-way shear)

• Director shear (One-way shear)

• Example 4: Check footing depth for punching shear and direct shear for footing subjected to axial

• Example 5: Check footing depth for punching shear and direct shear for footing subjected to axial

Determine depth of footing for punching shear and direct shear

The depth of footing usually governs by punching shear and direct shear because shear reinforcement is
square footing, punching shear usually governs the design. For a rectangular footing, direct shear may b

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Punching shear (Two-way shear)

The critical section of punching shear is located at one half effective distance from the faces of column.
should be larger than factored shear stress at critical section as

The punching shear strength  vc for normal weight concrete in ACI 318-05, -08, -11 is

[2.8]

where  = 0.75 for shear, c is the ratio of long to short sides of column, and f'c is the compressive streng

For sand light weight concrete,  vc shall be multiplied by 0.85. For all light weight concrete, it shall be

The punching shear stress is factored shear force at the critical section divided by the perimeter of the cr
depth of the footing. The factored shear force at the critical section is factored column load minus facto
critical section. It can be calculated as

[2.9]

where
vu is punching shear stress,
Qu is factor footing pressure,
B, L are width and length of footing,
b, c are width and length of square column
d is effective depth of the footing.

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Figure 2.3 Critical sections of punching shear

Director shear (One-way shear)

The critical section of direct shear is at one effective distance from the face of column. The direct shear
concrete specified in ACI 318-05, -08, -11 is

[2.10]

The factored shear stress at the critical section is the factored shear force divided by the width and depth
section. The factored shear force at the critical section is the area from the critical section to the edge of
factored footing pressure in the area.

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Figure 2.4. Critical section of direct shear

Example 4: Check footing depth for punching shear and direct shear for footing subjected to axia
Given:

• Column loads:
• Live load: 25 kips
• Dead load: 25 kips
• Footing and column information:
• Footing sizes = 4 ft x 4 ft x 1ft
• Column size: 1 ft x 1 ft
• Concrete strength at 28 day = 3000 psi

Design code: ACI 318-05

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Requirement: Check if the footing depth is adequate for punching shear and direct shear.
Solution:
Factored column load Pu= 1.2*25+1.6*25= 70 kips
Factored footing pressure Qu= 70/16=4.38 ksf
Effective footing depth d = 12”-3” (cover) – 0.5” (assumed diameter of #4 bar) = 8.5”
Check punching shear:
Area under critical section A = [(12”+8.5”)/12]2=2.92 ft2.
Factored shear force at critical section Vu= 70-4.38*2.92=57.2 kips
Perimeter of critical section p= 4 (12” + 8.5”) = 82”
Factor shear stress at critical section vu= 57200/(82*8.5) = 82.1 psi
Punching shear strength of concrete vc= 0.75*(43000) = 164 psi > 82.1 psi O.K.
Check direct shear:
Distance from critical section to edge of footing l = 4/2-1/2-8.5/12=0.83’
Factored shear force Vu= 4.38*0.83*4=14.5 kips
Factored shear stress vu= 14500/(4*12*8.5) = 35.6 psi
Director shear stress of concrete vc= 0.75*(23000) = 82 psi >35.6 psi O.K.

Example 5: Check footing depth for punching shear and direct shear for footing subjected to axia
Given:

• Column loads:
• Live load: 25 kips
• Dead load: 25 kips
• Live load moment = 25 ft-kips
• Dead load moment = 25 ft-kips
• Footing and column information:
• Footing sizes = 6 ft x 4 ft x 1ft
• Column size: 1 ft x 1 ft
• Concrete strength at 28 day = 3000 psi

Design code: ACI 318-05

Requirement: Check if the footing depth is adequate for punching shear and direct shear.
Solution:
Factored column load = 1.2*25+1.6*25= 70 kips
Factored column moment = 1.2*25+1.7*25=70 ft-kips
Eccentricity of factored column load = 70/70 = 1 ft
Maximum footing pressure = [70/(4x6)][1+1*6/6]=5.83 ksf
Minimum footing pressure = [70/(4x6)][1-1*6/6]=0 ksf
Effective footing depth = 12”-3” (cover) – 0.5” (assumed diameter of #4 bar) = 8.5”
Check punching shear:
Average factored footing pressure = (5.83+0)/2=2.92 ksf
Area under critical section = [(12”+8.5”)/12]2=2.92 ft2.
Factored shear force at critical section = 70-2.92*2.92= 61.5 kips
Perimeter of critical section = 4 (12” + 8.5”) = 82”
Factor shear stress at critical section = 61500/(82*8.5) = 88.2 psi
Punching shear strength of concrete = 0.75*(43000) = 164 psi > 88.2 psi O.K.
Check direct shear:
Distance from critical section to edge of footing with maximum footing pressure
= 6/2-1/2-8.5/12=1.83’

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Distance from critical section to edge of footing with maximum footing pressure
= 6-1.83=4.17’
Factor footing pressure at the location of critical section=5.83*4.17/6=4.05 ksf
Factored shear force = [(5.83+4.05)/2]*1.83*4=36.1 kips
Factored shear stress = 36100/(4*12*8.5) = 88.5 psi
Director shear stress of concrete = 0.75*(23000) = 82 psi < 88.5 psi N.G. Need to increase footi

Related Topics
Reinforced concrete design

Bearing capacity

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