4/8/2020 Artificial Intelligence - Research Areas - Tutorialspoint

Artificial Intelligence - Research Areas

The domain of artificial intelligence is huge in breadth and width. While proceeding, we consider the broadly common and prospering research
areas in the domain of AI −

Speech and Voice Recognition

These both terms are common in robotics, expert systems and natural language processing. Though these terms are used interchangeably, their
objectives are different.

Speech Recognition Voice Recognition

The speech recognition aims at understanding and comprehending The objective of voice recognition is to recognize WHO is speaking.
WHAT was spoken.

It is used in hand-free computing, map, or menu navigation. It is used to identify a person by analysing its tone, voice pitch, and
accent, etc.

Machine does not need training for Speech Recognition as it is not This recognition system needs training as it is person oriented.
speaker dependent.

Speaker independent Speech Recognition systems are difficult to Speaker dependent Speech Recognition systems are comparatively
develop. easy to develop.

Working of Speech and Voice Recognition Systems

The user input spoken at a microphone goes to sound card of the system. The converter turns the analog signal into equivalent digital signal for
the speech processing. The database is used to compare the sound patterns to recognize the words. Finally, a reverse feedback is given to the
database.

This source-language text becomes input to the Translation Engine, which converts it to the target language text. They are supported with
interactive GUI, large database of vocabulary, etc.

Real Life Applications of Research Areas

There is a large array of applications where AI is serving common people in their day-to-day lives −

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4/8/2020 Artificial Intelligence - Research Areas - Tutorialspoint

Sr.No. Research Areas Real Life Application

1
Expert Systems

Examples − Flight-tracking systems, Clinical systems.

2
Natural Language Processing

Examples: Google Now feature, speech recognition, Automatic voice output.

3
Neural Networks

Examples − Pattern recognition systems such as face recognition, character recognition, handwriting
recognition.

4
Robotics

Examples − Industrial robots for moving, spraying, painting, precision checking, drilling, cleaning, coating,
carving, etc.

5
Fuzzy Logic Systems

Examples − Consumer electronics, automobiles, etc.

Task Classification of AI
The domain of AI is classified into Formal tasks, Mundane tasks, and Expert tasks.

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4/8/2020 Artificial Intelligence - Research Areas - Tutorialspoint

Task Domains of Artificial Intelligence

Mundane (Ordinary) Tasks Formal Tasks Expert Tasks

Perception Mathematics Engineering

Computer Vision Geometry Fault Finding
Speech, Voice Logic Manufacturing
Integration and Differentiation Monitoring

Natural Language Processing Games Scientific Analysis

Understanding Go
Language Generation Chess (Deep Blue)
Language Translation Ckeckers

Common Sense Verification Financial Analysis

Reasoning Theorem Proving Medical Diagnosis

Planing Creativity

Robotics
Locomotive

Humans learn mundane (ordinary) tasks since their birth. They learn by perception, speaking, using language, and locomotives. They learn
Formal Tasks and Expert Tasks later, in that order.

For humans, the mundane tasks are easiest to learn. The same was considered true before trying to implement mundane tasks in machines.
Earlier, all work of AI was concentrated in the mundane task domain.
Later, it turned out that the machine requires more knowledge, complex knowledge representation, and complicated algorithms for handling
mundane tasks. This is the reason why AI work is more prospering in the Expert Tasks domain now, as the expert task domain needs expert
knowledge without common sense, which can be easier to represent and handle.

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