Sunday, 31th January, 2021

Ali Achmad
Independent Geologist
You can find me at aliachmad.upn@gmail.com

GEOLOGIST’S ROLES
FOR COAL MINING PROJECT SUCCESSFULNESS

Sharing Session to bawahtanah.co.id

 Disclaimer
Most of these materials in this sharing presentation it is taken from internet (Public
domain). The original pictures absolutely is copyright belongs to Authors , Not me“
==All of opinion views that will expressed are based on my knowledges and also
experiences. I am not represent as company or Academic Institution==
==Some sources link refer to company , However , there is no intent to commercial or
promoted it ==

“I am not expert, but this is just sharing and learning not a lecture.. Therefore your
critical, discussion, comment, feedback and others are so useful”
“Slide will be distributed after webinar session”

--Ali Achmad--

Disclaimer
 CV (Curriculum Vitae)
Ali Achmad ==Brief Curriculum vitae==

• Birth : Rembang, Central Java, Indonesia

• Education : Geology , UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta (S1,2012)
• History of Affiliations & Positions:
 2011 : Exploration Geologist, CV Chondrit, Muara Karangan Project – East Kalimantan.
 2011 – 2012 : Staff Assistant of Geodynamics UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta.
 2012 : Final S1 Thesis at Banyumas Sub Basin, Central Java, was Supervised By Dr. Suyoto
M.Sc
 2012 – 2013 : Wellsite Geologist, PT Arutmin Indonesia (Mineral Resources Department)
 2013 – 2014 : Graduate Development Program (GDP), PT Arutmin Indonesia
 2014 – Now : Geologist & Geotechnical Engineer, PT Arutmin Indonesia
 July 2020 – Now : G&G Section Head (Acting)
• Professional Organization: IAGI
• Paper Publication : 11 Conferences Papers (IAGI, Perhapi & National Seminary)
• Keynote Speaker : HMGF Unibraw, Lenusa Consulting , HMGF Region IV (East Java),IAGEO
UPN, VTC Training.
• e-mail : aliachmad.upn@gmail.com, Professional Email : ali.achmad@arutmin.com

Ali Achmad ali.achmad134

Disclaimer
 CONTENTS
1. GEOLOGY DOMAIN Coal Reserve
Coal Modelling Calculation

Regional Scope  Feasibility Study

 Coal seams Correlation
Study  Built up Stratigraphical  Land Compensation
 References Seam (Schema)  Reserve Graphics
 Basinal Analysis  Inputting the Boreholes &  Infrastructure,
 Regional mapping Quality Lab. Outcomes Pitshell, Waste dump
 Prospection Exploration &  Graphical Outputs (X- design Generation
Mapping section, Croplines, Iso Coal Resources  Settling Pond Design
Thickness, Roof – Floor  Project Commenced &
techniques Estimation
Contours, Data Posting, Mining Operational,
Statistical model etc. Hauling, Crushing,
 Aerial Valid Topography  KCMI 2017 Barging & Marketing.
 Detailed Stratigraphical  Point Of Observation
& Structural Mapping  Isoline/Circle and
 Outcrop Observational Cross Section
technique Methodology
 Coal Lithotype  Measured, Indicated,
 Drilling (Qual & GT), Inferred and
sampling & Logging Hypothetical/Invento
 Coal Quality Parameters ry Coal
 Coals Tonnages
#Regional Scope Study
Let’s Talk About
 Regional Scope Study
1.1 Exploration Hierarchy Soemarsono,2016

Cost

Uncertainty
Geology Domain
 Regional Scope Study
1.2 References

https://www.sciencedirect.com/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/

https://b-ok.asia/book/871872/2ee2fd

• A lot of internet sites which provided various

journals according “keyword”that you inputted
such as “Borneo Coal Exploration”
• www.sciencedirect.com , www.z-library.com
etc.

Geology Domain
 Regional Scope Study
1.2.1 References

“The all of natural resources sorts in Indonesia are mainly controlled by

Tectonic”

Counter-clockwise

Geology Domain
 Regional Scope Study
1.2.2 Basin Analysis

Calvert, 2000

West East
Legend

Central Kutei Basin

Sumatra
West

NE East

Barito Basin
South
Sumatra Asem** Basin
SW

Tari,2014

Barito Asem Asem

Badan Geologi, 2010

https://geology.esdm.go.id/cekungan
NE SW

Geology Domain
 Regional Scope Study
1.3 Basinal Analysis

Coal Formation

Project Area

https://www.geomatejournal.com/sites/default/files/articles/249-
Regional geology map
254-icee23-Kausarian-Nov-2019-63.pdf

Stratigraphy regional
https://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/files/2017/03/BS37-03032017.pdf Darman, 2017

Geology Domain
 Regional Scope Study
1.4 Regional Mapping & Prospection
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128140482000144

f Mine Project
Permit
A

Note ;
Prospect Area ATR : Antaredja Mining Project

Confirmation Boreholes

ATR 07 ATR 09
ATR 01 ATR 03 ATR 05

A’
Mine permit
Sub Surface Cross Section ; To define the pattern of Boreholes
100 100
Trajectories
A A’
0 Prospect Area 0
https://twitter.com/theagu/status/1022176516304596992

Note ;
Geology Domain
Exploration Boreholes
#Exploration Mapping & Techniques
Let’s Talk About
 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.5 Aerial Topography

• Mining project topography https://openpress.usask.ca/geolmanual/chapter/overview-of-topographic-maps/

should be provided in
Geodetic topography
Geodetic basis tools.
• We can’t use it, if this topo it
is originate from SRTM or
DEM mode.

Geodetic topo measurement

https://www.greenbelly.co/pages/contour-
X,Y,Z Points datasets lines

Topo DEM (not

valid)
Importing to mine software

Geodetic Tools
Validating this topo is
carried out by geodetic
Engineers

Software
Volume materials
Processing
(Coal & Waste) $ Project (Surface files)

Surveyor activity https://freegistutorial.com/how-to-create-topography-from-contour-in-leapfrog/

Geology Domain
 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.6 Detailed Surface Geological Mapping both Stratigraphy and Structural Geology Plotted

Geological Map Geological Map Symbols

With Structural Feature

https://id.pinterest.com/pin/593067844653778194/

Less of Structural Feature

Courtesy : Adaro Mining

https://ch.infinetwireless.com/uploads/images/1-Mine-planning.jpg

Cross Section

The effect of the angle of dip on the Richard, J Lisle 2004

sinuosity of a contact’s outcrop.

Geology Domain https://www.radford.edu/jtso/GeologyofVirginia/Structures/GeologyOfVAStructures4-3b.html

 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.7 Output Observational Techniques

Cross bed Sandstone

Coal Seam

Interbedded of Sand-shale

Cross bedded Sandstone

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sediment olog ical- log s-of-the-Ema kwezini-F orm ation-deta iling-ve rtica l-facie s_fig 1_ 250 085373 http://geology.blogs.wm.edu/files/2016/08/VAcoal.jpg

We must detail to taking some informations of an outcrops related ; Structural geology data (Strike&dip, thickness, micro-
fold, fault , joints set, log profiles, sampling, sketch and theirs connectivities among of bed layers.
Geology Domain
 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.8 Drillholes Determination

Geology Domain
 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.9 Seismic Survey

Paleo channel
Sill & Dike

Seismic characterisation can to reveal :

 Mapping of the Gross Structural Geology features
 Intrusions & Crystaline rock
 Sedimentary feature (Channel sand, Limestone etc) Grippa, 2019
 Shale Diapirism
 Geological hazard (gas content)
Burning effect
Long wall Panel

Andesite Sill

Boulder of Igneous Rock

Tanjung Fm.
Geology map
Coal Seam
Large Intrusion
Surveyor activity
Pranoto, 2020
Geology Domain
 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.10 Drilling, Sampling & Logging
Rock Quality Designation (Deere,1967)
Rock core split in half to expose the
core inside

f
https://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coal-core-core-
obtained.php

https://ausimm.com/wp-
content/uploads/2020/06/CoalLog_v2.0_Training_Manual.pdf

Shear zone at Fault zone

Interlaminated ss and shale

Identification of Geotechnical defects feature during exploration activity it’s very important to mining
project successful.
Geology Domain
 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.11 Drilling, Sampling & Logging Quality Sample
Ply 1

Coal Roof 10 cm (Coal Roof)

~ cm (Coal Body 1)

Coal Body
Ply 2
~ cm (parting/non coal)

~ cm (Coal Body 2)
4 Meter
Ply 3 10 cm (Coal Floor)

https://www.discovere.org/our-activities/single-activity-detail/Core%20Sampling
Coal Floor

A coal quality samples must note the informations related ;

• Borehole name, seam name, coal ply , Depth (from – to), Thickness &
Sample Numbers.
We are create a dispatch/request quality letter to Laboratory.
• TM,IM,ASH,VM,FC,CV, RD
(Cv gar,daf & rdi we can search it through a formulation).

Geology Domain
 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.12 Coal Type & Rank
https://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coal-macerals.php

Anthracite Bituminous Lignite

Geology Domain
 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.12 Coal Type & Rank
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-
sciences/vitrinite-reflectance

“Don’t be misunderstanding”
• There are no connectivities among coal
(R0) rank vs sulfur, ash, minerals (Boron,
Phosporus Etc).
• Changing of macerals density it would be
changed Coal rank (Rvmax)
Vitrinite reflectance (Rv max%, Ro%) is the percentage of light reflected from
the surface of polished vitrinite.

Anthracite Bituminous Lignite

Geology Domain
 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.12.1 Coal Macerals Maria Mastalerz, 2011

Groundmass Vitrinite
Vitrinites
Gelified Vitrinite Vitrinites coal macerals are composed of
partially "gelled" wood, bark, and roots, and
contain less hydrogen than liptinites
Fragment of woody tissue

Liptinites
Sporinite

Liptinites coal macerals are derived from

spores, pollens, cuticles, and resins in the
Spores
Leaf cuticle
original plant material. These plant parts are
more hydrogen-rich than other macerals.
Resineous
Ruiz,2012

Fungal attacks Resineous oxidated Inertinites

Carbonized from fire processes
Inertinites coal macerals are mainly
oxidation products of other macerals and are
consequently richer in carbon than liptinites or
vitrinites, because much of the oxygen in the
original plant parts or residues has been
Dehydrated plant tissue
consumed by oxidation.
https://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coal-macerals.php
Geology Domain
 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.12.2 Coal Lithotype
CLT-1

CLT-2.1

CLT-2.2

CLT-3
Mastalerz, 2011
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art icle/a bs/pii/ S0166516217 301726

CLT-4
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/microlithotypes
Romeo M. Flores,2014

Lithotype in coal is a concept that distinguishes various

Note bands in coal originally designed for “macroscopic”
CLT : Coal Lithotype Maria Mastalerz, 2011
identification (Stach et al. 1982) Cardott,2017
Geology Domain https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444528582000
037
 • As Received (AR) : Full Moisture
• Air Dried (AD) : Only inherent moisture/without surface

Exploration Mapping & Techniques

moisture
• Dried basis (DB) : Without Moisture.
• Dried Ash free (DAF) : Only VM & FC (Without Ash, and
Mositure)
1.13 Coal Quality Lab & Theirs Parameters • Dried Mineral Matter free (DMMF) : Without Ash, Moisture
and VM/mineral.

• Moisture is the terminology used in describing the moisture content of coals Coal quality in essence means those chemical and physical
properties of a coal that influence its potential use (Thomas,2013).
can be confusing and needs to be clarified. There are some moisture sort are
Surface, As received, Total and Air Dried Moisture.
• The ash of a coal is that inorganic residue that remains after combustion.
• Volatile matter represents that component of the coal, except for moisture,
that is liberated at high temperature in the absence of air.
• The fixed carbon content of coal is that carbon found in the residue
remaining after the volatile matter has been liberated.
• Sulfur (H2S) Organic sulfur, present in the organic compounds of
the coal. Pyritic sulfur, present as sulfide minerals in the coal, principally
iron pyrite. Sulfate minerals, usually hydrous iron or calcium sulfates,
produced by oxidation of the sulfide fraction of the coal.
• The density of a coal will depend on its rank and mineral matter content.
• Hardness and Grindability it means coals are required to be crushed to a
fine powder (pulverized) before being fed into a boiler.
• The calorific value (CV) of a coal is the amount of heat per unit mass of
coal when combusted.
https://raregeologybooks.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/coal-geology.pdf
Geology Domain
 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.14 Drilling, Sampling & Logging

Geology Domain
 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.15 Drilling, Sampling & Logging Geotechnical Sample

Courtesy : Mintec Wrapping plastic the core sample Wrapping plastic the core sample

Measuring the Core

Covering with Alluminium foil

https://ausimm.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/CoalLog_v2.0_Training_Manual.pdf

Re-Covering and Wrapping

the core sample using PVC
pipe & tape
https://ausimm.com/wp-
content/uploads/2020/06/CoalLog_v2.0_Training_Manual.pdf

Geology Domain Core Documentation

 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.16 Drilling, Sampling & Logging
Information https://ausimm.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/CoalLog_v2.0_Training_Manual.pdf

Standard ;
GR, Caliper, Density & https://ausimm.com/coal-log/

Sonic.

Additional Request “GCD logs” To identify different

; lithologies, fit top-bottom seam and
Resistivity, Magnetic other lithologies, Enable to correlation.
susceptibility, Dip “Sonic log” To identify rock strength
Meter. with exponential formulae.
“Neutron” to identify porosity study
Specific Purpose; and groundwater presenced.
Porosity, Nuclear https://ausimm.com/wp-
content/uploads/2020/06/CoalLog_v2.0_Training_Manual.pdf
“Resistivity” Lithology identification,
Magnetic, VSP.
heat affected material (Instrusion),
Geophysical Log fluid content and weathering
Interpretation
“Optical/Acoustic Scanner & Dip
Meter” To accurately identify
structural geology feature.
https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c891/figures/figure31.htm
Geology Domain
 Exploration Mapping & Techniques
1.16 Drilling, Sampling & Logging

Standard ;
GR, Caliper, Density &
Sonic.

Additional Request
;
Resistivity, Magnetic
susceptibility, Dip
Meter.

Specific Purpose;
Porosity, Nuclear
Magnetic, VSP.

Well Correlation of Geophysical logs https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264817211002613

Higgs, 2012
Geology Domain
#Coal Seams Modelling
Let’s Talk About
 Coal Seams Modelling
1.17 Coal Seams Correlation
Surface Topography Boreholes Exploration

http://epbcnotices.environment.gov.au/_entit y/annotat ion/b4c706e9-2194-e611-a bed-0050 56ba00 a7/a7 1d58ad-4cba-

48b6-8dab-f3091fc31cd5?t=1476921600341
Aminossadati,2011

Through geological concepts the Geologist must define and correlate the seams inside of boreholes.
These boreholes correlation must fit between drillcore data versus Geophysical Logging.
Geology Domain
 Coal Seams Modelling
1.18 Built up Stratigraphy Models - Schema

Interpolator

Model tab Model Options Code

Modelling Controls : Topography, Model option, Parting Interpolator (Planar, Height, FEM, Inverse)

Conformable : Top & Bottom

Limitation
Father Survey : Dip seam Controlled Compound : (Father) & Element (Son)

Son

Geology Domain
 Coal Seams Modelling
1.19 Inputting Boreholes & Quality Data

Survey data Coordinate (E,N,Z)

Holename Easting Northing Elevation Depth TOPOGRAPHY

ASR-09C 314916.798 9590792.324 23.819 109.1
ASR-24C 314916.819 9590793.524 27.587 44.78 Lithology data
R7449C 314916.84 9590794.724 36.632 85
ASR-13C 314916.861 9590795.924 26.136 124 Holename From TO Thick Seam Code
ASR-15C 314916.882 9590797.124 24.996 138 ASR-09C 20.819 20.819 3 BHWE
ASR-09C 11.579 10.819 0.76 SER5 CO
ASR-18C 314916.903 9590798.324 40.985 140
ASR-09C -20.341 -21.131 0.79 SER3 CO
ASR-11C 314916.924 9590799.524 24.259 116 From
ASR-09C -25.041 -25.421 0.38 SER2 CO
ASR-09C 314916.945 9590800.724 23.819 109.1 ASR-09C -39.801 -40.221 0.42 SER1 CO
ASR-24C 314916.966 9590801.924 27.587 44.78 ASR-09C -63.621 -64.481 0.86 SEU2 CO
R7449C 314916.987 9590803.124 36.632 85 ASR-09C -66.681 -67.681 1 SEM1 CO Thickness
ASR-13C 314917.008 9590804.324 26.136 124 ASR-09C -69.261 -71.201 1.94 SEM2 CO
ASR-15C 314917.029 9590805.524 24.996 138 ASR-09C -73.661 -75.531 1.87 SEL1 CO
ASR-18C 314917.05 9590806.724 40.985 140 ASR-09C -75.531 -79.261 3.73 SEL23 CO To
ASR-11C 314917.071 9590807.924 24.259 116 ASR-09C -81.201 -81.821 0.62 SEB1 CO
ASR-24C 24.587 24.587 3 BHWE
ASR-24C 11.067 10.767 0.3 SEU2U CO
Boreholes Distribution
ASR-24C 9.267 8.787 0.48 SEU2L CO
ASR-24C 6.227 5.307 0.92 SEM1 CO
ASR-24C 3.787 3.087 0.7 SEM2 CO
ASR-24C -1.633 -4.533 2.9 SEL1 CO
ASR-24C -4.653 -7.613 2.96 SEL23 CO
ASR-24C -10.113 -10.853 0.74 SEB1 CO
R7449C 33.632 33.632 3 BHWE Depth
http://sipil-smd.blogsp ot.com/2015/01/m inecom-m ine scape-se baga i- softw are.ht ml

There area two fixed format that have been using to input boreholes data into mining
software namely survey and Litho format.
Geology Domain
 Coal Seams Modelling
1.20 Graphical Outputs
There are few features related Output graphics that produced by Mining Software.
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What- step s-a re-needed-to-ma ke-a-c oal-crop- line-map

Cross Section
Floor Contour

Line Subcrop

The wall of house

https://www.mintecabadi.com/ind/services/50.html

Subcrop

Geology Domain
 Coal Seams Modelling
1.21 Graphical Outputs – Quality Model

Geology Domain
#Coal Resources Estimation
Let’s Talk About
 Coal Resources Estimation
1.22 KCMI 2017 - Guidance

The data
more frequent

More Certainty both technical and Non Technical factors

http://www.crirsco.com/docs/KCMI_Code_2017_Indon PASAL 28 - Cadangan Mineral adalah bagian dari Sumberdaya Mineral Terukur dan/atau Tertunjuk
esia.pdf
yang dapat ditambang secara ekonomis.

PASAL 19 - Sumberdaya Mineral adalah suatu konsentrasi atau keterjadian dari material yang
memiliki nilai ekonomi pada atau di atas kerak bumi, dengan bentuk, kualitas dan kuantitas tertentu yang
memiliki keprospekan yang beralasan untuk pada akhirnya dapat diekstraksi secara ekonomi.
Geology Domain
 Coal Resources Estimation
1.23 Resources Categorization (MEA.IND,INF & Inventory Coal)

SNI 5011 - 2019

Halaman 6

Geology Domain
 Coal Resources Estimation
1.24 Point Of Observation (PoO)

Mine permit
Sampling/Mapping

Drilling
Test Pit

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/C oal -outcrops- of- ALP-and-Ban ko- Tanjungenim-c oa lfie ld-with-cleat-

patterns_fig3_334108965 https://www.dandodrillingaustralia.com/drilling-
rigs-australia/mineral-exploration-drilling-rigs/

Legend ;
Point Of Observation
https://www.cmwgeosciences.com/geot echnical-serv ice s/site- inve stigation/t rench-test-p it-sampling

• Point of Observation (PoO) is the location where we get and do a measurement of coal such as thickness,
valid coordinates, description and sampling. It has absolute requirement that the data point must reliable as
SNI 5011-2019 coal exploration. Both Geodetic and Geophysical logging must be provided.
• Point of Observation (PoO) are be able in formed such as drilling, sampling, mapping, channel sampling,
test pit etc.

Geology Domain
 Coal Resources Estimation
1.25 Resources Methodologies (Circle or Cross Section)

Circle Resources concept

Measured (250 m)

Q Q 250 M

Subcrop

Bottom limit : The lowest seams which Subcrop 250 M

intersected boreholes.

Legend ;
: Point Of Observation
(VT & Quality sample data)
: Point Of Observation
https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c891/figures/figure21.htm (Vertical Thickness)
Legend ;
Inferred Resources (1500 meter)
Indicated Resources (500 meter)
Measured Resources (250 meter)
Geology Domain
 Coal Resources Estimation
1.26 Resources Methodologies (Circle or Cross Section)

Study case ; The grade

5 2 calculation is 5 (Five)
1 it means that our
1
1 mining project has
prospencity toward
1 simple Geological
1 condition.
1

1 Legend;
: Point Of Observation

: Measured - Polygon

: Indicated - Polygon

: Inferred - Polygon

Geology Domain
 Coal Resources Estimation
1.27 Resources Methodologies (Circle or Cross Section)

Pit Shell

A A’

A A’
Resource Categorisation ;

Measured KCMI Pasal 22

Indicated KCMI Pasal 21

KCMI Pasal 20
Source ; Sumarna,2019 Inferred

Geology Domain
 Coal Resources Estimation
1.28 Coal Tonnages (Clear Basis)

The rules of managing coal

resources basis and theirs
classification had clearly
informed in KCMI 2017.

Geology Domain
#Coal Reserves – Mining Operational
Let’s Talk About
 Coal Resources Estimation
1.29 Reserve Categorization (Proven & Probable)

KCMI 2017
Halaman 42

Geology Domain
 Coal Resources Estimation
1.30 Reserve Financial Calculation

Other Cost

Geology Domain
 Coal Reserves – Mining Operational
1.31 Feasibility Study

Technical Reviewing
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Ge olog ical-c ross-section-in-Ta mnava-
West-213-Ultim ate-pit -design-L ong-term-production_fig3_ 279 221665

Acid Mine Drainage

Mine Design
https://www.amazon.com/How-conduct-mine-feasibility-study/dp/B008046MT6 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-illustration-of-an-open-pit-mine-Source_fig1_257516250

Enviromental issues Infrastructure

https://www.mining.com/green-social-and-sustainability-bonds-to-reach-400-billion-in-2020/
Mine Processing

Feasibility Study is comprehensively study regarding technical and economical from a development
Geology Domain optional which have been selected.
 Coal Reserves – Mining Operational
1.32 Land Compensation

North

Pit Active
Mining Consession Plan of development Area
(Pit Design Boundary)
Plan Pit Existing Pit
Land
SL0 Boundary revised
(oustanding)
SL1
SL2
SL3
Illustration
Land (Ready for Use)

Land compensation is one of

the most important thing to
convert the coal resources to be Pit Active
reserves status. Outpit Dump

500 Meter

Geology Domain
 Coal Reserves – Mining Operational
1.33 Reserve graphics, Mine Plan Design
http://miningforce.blogspot.com/2017/07/tutorial-minescape-scheduling.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9i-XUEPmbZQ

Pitshell deliniation

• Reserve Graphics is a feature which represent of quantity both

Overburden and coal tonnage inside at particular blok area.
• The Pit shell boundary is determined by company budget (SR
verge).
• The financial budget of mining cost in coal mining companny it has
Sumarna,2019 been controlling by the price of theirs coal commodity. So the
stripping ratio coulb be changed fluctuatively.

Geology Domain
 Coal Reserves – Mining Operational
1.34 Settling Pond – Enviromental Issue
Pit Area
http://dunia-atas.blogspot.com/2018/05/sistem-pengeringan-mine-dewatering.html

At least there are 3 compartments.

Compartment 1 : For suspending of material

sedimentary particles.
Compartment 2 : Transfer compartment
Settlement Compartment 3: Monitoring and Treatment
Sump Water
before to be released to river
f

Transfer Pipes

Settling Pond
River Compartment
2 1

Pipe Transfer
http://www.mm-energi.com/Operasi/Penambangan.html

The quality parameters of chemical water retention that will released to river must accordance
with enviromental standarisation rules.
Geology Domain
 Coal Reserves – Mining Operational
1.35 Project Commenced & Mining Operational
Mine Facilities Haul Road Crushing & Conveying Maintenance/Workshop

https://stevensonresource https://stevensonresources.co.nz/p https://bosfa.com/case-

s.co.nz/projects/infrastruc rojects/infrastructure/solid-energy- study/dramix-mining-slabs-
ture/solid-energy- rotowaro-coal-mine/ standing-up-to-the-test/
https://www.abc.net.au/news/image/9435116-3x2-
7 00x467.jpg
rotowaro-coal-mine/

https://vietnamnews.vn/ec
onomy/571251/viet-nam-
increases-coal-ore-and-
mineral-imports-from- https://www.hydac.com.
australia.html au/news/post/bulk-oil-
https://vymaps.com/ID/Muara-Tuhup-90887/ cleanliness-at-newlands-
http://www.samtan.co.kr/eng/business/business01.php coal-mine.html

Camp

https://vymaps.com/ID/Muara-Tuhup-90887/
https://www.bayan.com.sg/wahana-jetty
Coal Barge
Geology Domain
 Coal Reserves – Mining Operational
1.36 Geologist Job in Mining Operational
Geological work flow from Exploration to Production
Development & Exploration
Department Long term Mineplan
 Identification & Description Join Sign Off (In case)
Lithology (Colour, Mineral  Mine Scheduling
Composed, Sorting, depth &  Blok Ranking/resgraph
thickness)
 Infrastructure,
 G’physical Logging & Survey hauling road
data (Pick up Collar)
 Pit & Disposal
 Geomodeling and releasing to
(Long term)
site and Long term mine
planing

Site Pit Geologist Short term Mineplan (Site)

 Update status Reserve (pit & Mineplan Contractor
Progress reconciliation)
 Mine Scheduling
Monthly basis
 Blok Ranking/resgraph
 Quarterly Update Model
(Quality & Geometry)  Infrastructure, hauling Information
road
 Geotechnical Analysis
 Pit & Disposal
 Reserve Conservation Coordination lines
 Original & Remaining
 Pit mapping & sampling
reserve (monthly basis)
 Operational Guidance (Sales)
Geology Domain
 Coal Reserves – Mining Operational
1.37 Survey Data
https://www.miningphoto.com/details/936/cl
ose_up_of_mine_surveyor_in_full_ppe_w ith
_gear_on_open_cut_coal_mine_floor_w ith Data Acquisition Coal Seam Exposed & Mined High wall

Survey Data : X,Y,Z

Exposed Line

Seam’s Dip Direction

Surface Section (lines)

https://www.mtpr.org/post/ report- raise s-concern s- ove r-who-pay s-c oal- min ing-cleanup

Survey data (points) at Mining Software

Trihatmanto,2017
https://www.google.com/url?sa =i&url=https% 3A% 2F% 2Freposit ory.ugm.ac. id%2F 27410 5%2F 1%2FOHT-
https://docplayer.info/54349521-Modul-tutorial-cara-membuat- 04.pdf&psig=AOvVaw216_xwgEVuSX0 bw Yq_ 8m io&ust =16 1050 3412769000&source= im ages&cd=vfe&ved=
kontur-dengan-software-mincom-minescape.html
Geology Domain
2ahUKEwjmjfLvppXuAhXJcSsKHYjYBCIQjhx6BAg AEBI
 Coal Reserves – Mining Operational
1.38 Updated and Reconciliation of the Geological Model

Mining progress 2010 Topo Original Mining progress 2014

ATR 221 ATR 213

ATR 206

Mining progress 2018

SL1

Legend
Coal Seam Model Projection (Inside Pit)
Actual Coal seam beds (Survey Data)
PoO during mining ops (Pit Geologist)
SL2
Progress of Mining Topo (Surveyor)
Exploration Drilling (Exploration Team)
SL3

Geology Domain
 Legend

Coal Reserves – Mining Operational

Coal Seam Model Projection (Inside Pit)

Actual Coal seam beds (Survey Data)

PoO during mining ops (Pit Geologist)

1.39 Updated and Reconciliation of the Geological Model Progress of Mining Topo (Surveyor)

Exploration Drilling (Exploration Team)

Topo Original
ATR 221 ATR 213
ATR 206

B A SL1

C
SL2
(A) Reserve Tonnage in the beginning is 10 Mton
(B) Coal Mined Progress based on Model is 6
Mton
(C) Remaining Coal based on model is 4 Mton SL3
Coal Mined Progress based on Survey is 6,2 Mton
The Different of coal reserve is 200 Kton. What should we
A = B+C do???

Geology Domain
 Conclusion
• Understanding about Geological concept related mineral deposited,
taking an exploration dataset properly and also data interpretation are so
fundamental for a Geologist to build up a valid geological model.
• All of the Geological data must be calibrated with Geodetic tools.
• Resource and Reserve are influenced by a a lot of parameter such as
geological condition, price commodity and modifying factors that has
mention earlier.
• The Geologist must take responsibility regarding reserves status
reconciliation (Pit Progress Reconciliation).

Geology Domain
THANK YOU