S no Contributory factors Time Content matter Teaching learning A.

V aids Evaluation
activities
1 To introduce self 1 min Self introduction : Myself Jaskomaldeep kaur
student of M.Sc Nursing 1st year at Lala Lajpat
rai institute of nursing education

2 To introduce the topic 1 min Introduction to the topic today we are going to
discuss about maintenance fluid and electrolyte
balance

3 To assess the previous I min What fluid and electrolyte balance

knowledge of the group

4 What is fluid and Water or fluid

electrolyte balance Two liters of water per day are generally
sufficient for adults. it has been estimated that
only 500ml of water needs be imbibed given
normal diet and no increased losses.

Or
 electrolytes are minerals in your body that have
an electric charge. They are in your blood,
urine, tissues, and other body fluids.
Sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride,
phosphate, and magnesium are all electrolytes. 

5 Factors causes fluid 2 min Factors causes fluid and electrolyte

and electrolyte imbalance
balance
 illness.
When one is sick, especially if illness
involves vomiting, diarrhea, or a fever,
are at a greater risk for fluid and
electrolyte imbalance. ...
 Environmental Factors. Dehydration
is also a concern for people who engage
in heavy exercise. ...
 Diet. ...
 Having certain heart, kidney, or liver
disorders
 feedings in inappropriate amounts
 Taking certain drugs

6 Some electrolyte 3 min Sodium abnormalities

abnormalalities 1. Hypernatremia:
 Defined as a serum sodium
concentration that exceeds 150mEq/L.

Etiology
2. Excessive salt intake .
3. Excessive water loss .
4. Reduced salt excretion .
5. Reduced water intake .
6. Administration of loop diuretics
Gastrointestinal losses

Treatment:
7. The mainstay of management is the
administration of water, preferably by
mouth or nasogastric tube.
Alternatively, 5% dextrose in water
(D5W) or quarter NS can be given
intravenously.

Food to be avoid in hypernatremia

 Commercially prepared tomato

sauce and spaghetti sauce.
 Pizza.
 Potato and corn chips.
 Salted pretzels and crackers.
 Olives.
7 2) Hyponatremia
Serum sodium concentration less than
135mEq/L .
External losses caused by
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Sweat

Etiology
Excessive water intake
Impaired renal water excretion
Loss of renal diluting capacity

Treatment
The Reference Daily Intake (RDI)
for sodium is 2,300 mg — or about 1
teaspoon of salt ( 3 )

foods that tend to be high in sodium —

1) cheese.
2) Vegetable juice.
3) Salad dressing.
8 Hyperkalemia is the medical term that
describes a potassium level in your blood
that's higher than normal. Potassium is a
chemical that is critical to the function of
nerve and muscle cells, including those in
your heart.

Causes
 Renal failure
 transplant rejection, and
 obstructive diseases of the urinary
tract

Treatment
Hypokalemia
Normal range of potassium is 3.5 to 5
mEq/L  Potassium is essential for
Muscles, cardiovascular system, Central
nervous system, respiratory system. 

Causes
Diarrehea
Vomiting
Renal failure
Certain drugs

Treatment
Recommend potassium intake for adults
ranges from 2,300 mg to 3,400 mg
depending on age and gender.[25]

 Beans and lentils

 Dark leafy greens (e.g.,
spinach, kale)
 Apples
 Potatoes
 Bananas
 Dates