GRAMMAR

REVISION
Present and
Future Time
 PRESENT TIMEPRESENT
PRESENT SIMPLE
O Facts that are always true
O Water boils at 100ºC
O Habits
O British people drink a lot
of tea
O States
O I don’t like ganster films
O Instructions and itineraries
O First you roll out the pastry
O On day three we visit
Stratford-upon-Avon
O Summaries of events (plots
of stories, films, historical
events…)
O At the end of the play both
families realise that their
hatred caused the deaths of
the lovers
O May 1945: The war in Europe
comes to an end
CONTINUOUS
O Actions in progress
O The dog is sleeping on our
bed!
O Temporary situations
O My car has broken down,
so I am walking to work
these days
O Complaints about annoying
actions
O You are always making
snide remarks about my
cooking!!
O To describe change and
development
O The weather is getting
worse!!
 STATIVE VERBS
O Stative verbs express a permanent state rather than an
action and do not have continuous forms.
O These are:
O Verbs of senses (to express involuntary actions): feel, hear,
see, smell, taste, etc.
O LOOK, WATCH and LISTEN express deliberate actions and
can be used in continuous forms.
O FEEL and HURT can be used in either continuous or simple
forms.
O Verbs of feelings or emotions: adore, appreciate (=value),
detest, dislike, enjoy, forgive, hate, like, loathe, etc
O Verbs of opinion: agree, believe, expect (=think), see
(=understand), suppose, understand, etc
O Other verbs: appear (=seem) belong, concern, contain,
depend, fit (=be the right shape and size for something),
have (=possess), know, mean, owe, own, possess, need,
prefer, require, want,, weigh, wish, keep (=continue), seem,
etc
 Some stative verbs (be, love, see, smell, taste, think, etc) have
continuous forms but there is a difference in meaning.

STATE
He THINKS he’s really
ACTION
I’M THINKING about
clever his offer.
(= he believes) (=I’m considering)

What DOES it TASTE He’S TASTING the

like? food to see if it’s
(= What’s its flavour?) good
(= he’s testing its flavour)

He APPEARS to be The opera singer IS

working APPEARING on stage
(= he seems to be) tonight
(=he will make an appearance)

It LOOKS as if it’s going to He’S LOOKING at the painting

rain (= he’s viewing it)
(= it appears)
 STATE ACTION
The silk shirt FEELS Ann’S FEELING the
soft cat’s fur
(= it has a soft texture) (=She’s touching)

Do you SEE what I I’M SEEING Paula

tonight
mean? (= I’m meeting)
(= Do you understand?)
Your perfume She’S SMELLING the
SMELLS of apples roses
(= it has the smell) (=she’s trying the smell of)

I LOVE/ENJOY good I’M LOVING/

films ENJOYING this film
(= I like in general) (= I like specifically)
 STATE ACTION
The box is heavy. It He IS WEIGHING
WEIGHS a lot the potatoes on
(= its weight is)
the scales
(=he is finding out the
weight of)

Luciano IS She’S BEING very

naughty naughty
(= his character is bad) (= she is misbehaving)
Certain adjectives can be used with “be” in the continuous
form to express a temporary characteristic . These are: careful,
foolish, kind, lazy, nice, patient, (im)polite, rude, silly, etc
 FUTURE TIME
WILL GOING TO
O Immediate decision O Plans or intentions
O I’ll take this one O I’m going to wait
here until Carol gets
O Predictions based
back
on your opinion
O Predictions based
O I think it will be
on an evidence
funny
O Look at the clouds!
PRESENT CONTINUOUS It’s going to rain

O Fixed future arrangements, especially social and

travel arrangements. A time reference is usually
included
O I’m having a party next week
 FUTURE
CONTINUOUS
O An event which will be
happening at a future
point
O Come round in the
morning.I’ll be painting in
the kitchen
O Fixed arrangements and
plans
O The band will be
performing live in Paris
this summer
O More polite than will
O Will you go to the shops
later? VS Will you be
going to the shops later?
FUTURE PERFECT
O To say that something
will be finished by a
particular time in the
future (normally
followed by “by” or
“in”)
O In two year’s time I
will have finished the
book
O To refer to time which
we look back at from a
future point.
O By the end of the
month, I’ll have been
working for this firm
for a year
 OTHER WAYS OF
REFERRING TO THE
FUTURE
O IS /ARE TO BE- to
describe formal
arrangements
O All students are to
assemble in the hall at
9,00
O BE ABOUT TO/ BE ON
THE POINT OF/ BE DUE
TO/JUST/JUST
ABOUT/ON THE VERGE
OF- to refer to the next
moment, something on
the point of happening
O I think the play is about
to start now
O The play is due to start in
5 minutes
PRESENT SIMPLE AND
PRESENT PERFECT
O In time clauses(we use
present perfect when
the completion of the
event is emphasised)
O When we get there,
we’ll have dinner
O When we’ve had a rest,
we’ll go out
O Fixed events
(timetables)
O Christmas is on a
Tuesday this year
O HOPE – can be followed
by either present simple
or future
O I hope it doesn’t rain
O I hope it won’t rain.
NOW YOU’RE READY…
LET’S PRACTISE!!!!!