A simplified SVPWM Control Strategy for PV Inverter

Shijie Yan, Qun Zhang, Heng Du

School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
E-mail: yanshijie@mail.neu.edu.cn

Abstract: Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technology has widely application in inverter because of
easy digital realization. However, in pulse wave generation, not only the trigonometric function is involved, but also
sector selection will be considered when six vectors are calculated. The realization of SVPWM control algorithm is very
complicated, although its control accuracy is high. Photovoltaic (PV) inverter is simplified DC/AC converter with
respect to power driver system and it does not need complicated SVPWM. To solve the problem for PV inverter, a new
simplified SVPWM control strategy is proposed. It has only comparison and normal arithmetical operations, so that the
judgment of sector and calculation of vector operating time is completed. It eliminates the conventional SVPWM
massive calculation of trigonometric function, and the system performance is improved. Simulation and experimental
results show that the new SVPWM control strategy is feasible.
Key word: SVPWM, A Simplified Control Strategy, PV inverter, Voltage vector

According to certain rules, SVPWM controls transistors

1 INTRODUCTION
In recent years, the space vector theory of the motor is
introduced to inverter [1-2]. Space vector pulse width
modulation (SVPWM) thought of control is formed and
developed. SVPWM control strategy is widely used in
alternative current speed adjusting system because of its
small switching loss, high DC voltage utilization ratio and
good effect in eliminating harmonic [3]. It has become the
research focus since it was proposed. SVPWM control
algorithm not only can be utilized in all kinds of AC drive
system, but also has a good application prospect in all sorts
of new energy power generation system [4-6].
However, the traditional SVPWM algorithm needs a series
of complex decomposition process of the vector, such as
matrix transformation of coordinates, trigonometric
calculations [7]. It needs to calculate six sectors separately,
including the judgment of sector, the calculation of adjacent
vector operating time and vector switching point.
Therefore, a lot of CPU resources are taken and the system
operation precision is reduced. Besides, the harmonic
content of output voltage is large.
In solar power system, photovoltaic (PV) inverter is simplified
DC/AC power converter and it does not need complicated
SVPWM, but it needs high DC voltage utilization ratio and
fast calculation of vector [8-10]. Combined with PV
three-phase voltage inverter, based on the analysis of
traditional SVPWM, a new simplified SVPWM control is
proposed. A PV inverter simulation and experimental
system was constructed and the feasibility of the strategy
was verified.
2 PRINCIPLE OF SVPWM
SVPWM focuses on generating a circular rotating field and
the constant amplitude of the magnetic linkage for motor
(ON/OFF) of inverter and changes DC voltage into a
three-phase sinusoidal voltage.
Ud
2
Ud
2
Fig 1. PV three-phase voltage source inverter
The main circuit of three-phase voltage source type
inverter is shown in Figure 1. Power switches shown in
Figure 1 have eight switch status and are arranged
according to the sequence of a, b, c. Assuming the switch
variable is 1 when the above-leg switch turns on,
otherwise it is 0. Assuming U d is a norm, the combination
for the output of phase voltage and line voltage is shown
in Table 1.
Through 3/2 transformation, we can map eight
combinations of phase voltage in table 1. to plane and can
also get six non-zero voltage(V1-V6) vector and two zero
voltage(V0ǃV7). Six non-zero voltage forms the axis of
the hexagon, and the angle is 60e, two zero voltage
locates in the coordinate origin. The projection of basic
voltage vector and reference vector in the plane of α − β
is shown in Figure 2. For example, in sectorĉ, we explain
the combination of voltage vector. From Figure 2 we can
get voltage vector and the operating time of vector.
Table 1.Relationship between switch state and voltage
a b c UA UB UC UAB UBC UCA
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fundproject: Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province:20102068

978-1-4577-2074-1/12/$26.00 2012
c IEEE 225
 0 0 1 -Ud/3 -Ud/3 2Ud/3 0 -Ud Ud ª1 0 º
JG * JG JG (8)
0 1 0 -Ud/3 2Ud/3 -Ud/3 -Ud Ud 0 V = Vα* + jVβ* = « »
3 » V = CV
«0
0 1 1 -2Ud/3 Ud/3 Ud/3 -Ud 0 Ud ¬« 3 ¼»
1 0 0 2Ud/3 -Ud/3 -Ud/3 Ud 0 -Ud After coordinate transformation, the standard hexagon in
1 0 1 Ud/3 -2Ud/3 Ud/3 Ud -Ud 0 Figure 2 is changed into a flat hexagon. All sectors take
1 1 0 Ud/3 Ud/3 -2Ud/3 0 Ud -Ud 45 e as a boundary. So we can identify the sector by a
∗ ∗
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 simple comparison between the amplitudes of Vα and Vβ .
At the same time, the operating time of the vector could be
calculated by simple addition and subtraction.
jβ
→ →
X and Y represent the amplitude of Vα∗ and Vβ∗
V3 V2 respectively. We can get the new operating time of effective
vector from the formula˄1˅-˄8˅:
w
→ →
V1 ta* = X − Y (9)
V4 θ *
α t = X +Y
b (10)
→ →
V0 ǃ
V7 Similarly, all values of sector and the operating time can be
calculated, as is shown in Table 2.
→ →
V5 V6 Table 2: Sector distinction and vector operating time

compar sector
judgment vector operating time
-ison distinction
Fig 2. Space voltage vector in stationary frame
X ≥ 0,Y ≥ 0 X ≥Y  ta* = X − Y  tb* = X + Y  Sector
JG T JG T JJG
V = 1 V1 + 2 V2 = Vα + jVβ (1)  X <Y  ta* = X + Y  tb* = − X + Y 
T T Sector
X < 0,Y ≥ 0 −X < Y
*
JG ta* = X + Y  tb = − X + Y 
R = V = Vα2 + Vβ2 (2)
 −X ≥ Y *
ta* = X + Y  tb = − X − Y  Sector
3 2 3 π (3)
T1 = (Vα − Vβ )T = MT sin( − θ ) *
3 π 3 X < 0,Y < 0 X < Y  ta* = − X − Y  tb = X − Y  Sector
2 3 2 3   *
ta* = − X − Y  tb = X − Y 
T2 = TVα = MT sin θ (4) X >Y
3 π Sector
1 1 X ≥ 0,Y < 0 X < −Y ta* = X + Y  tb* = X + Y 
t0 = (T0 + T7 ) = (T − T1 − T2 ) (5)
2 2  X ≥ −Y ta* = − X − Y  tb* = X − Y  Sector
In the formula, T1 ǃ T 2 ǃ T 0 ǃ T 7 respectively is the
After the transformation of formula (11), we can get the
operating time of V 1 ǃ V 2 ǃ V 0 ǃ V 7 in sampling period. actual operating time of vector, and then get actual output
2
M = V / ( U DC ) , is the ratio of fundamental amplitude of vector V ( C −1 is the inverse matrix of C ).
π
actual output voltage and phase voltage in six-beat working ªt a º −1
ªta* º
mode. «t » = C « *» (11)
¬ b¼ «¬tb »¼
3 FAST ALGORITHM OF SVPWM PWM generating principle is shown in Figure 3.
According to the formula (3) and (4), in order to simplify
→ →*
the calculation, the new algorithm of SVPWM takes V
sampling period T as the basis, standardizes the time of C V ta* , tb* ta , tb
vector, and carries on transformation of coordinate. After −1
JG* fm C
that we can get a new output vector V (C is transformation
matrix), then:
Fig 3.Diagram of PWM generating principle
T
 ta = 1  (6)
T
T2 (7)
tb =
T

226 2012 24th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC)

4 IMPLEMENT OF SYSTEM

4.1 Implement of Hardware

The 32-bit fixed-point DSP TMS320F2812 is taken as the
main control chip and the proposed fast algorithm of
SVPWM is put into PV three-phase inverter system. The
main hardware of system is shown in Table 3[11-12].
Table3. Hardware of system
IGBT 100A
Drive Board SKHI 23-17
DSP TMS320F2812A
Current Sensor SCBI-50A
DC Voltage Sensor AV100-1000
AC Voltage Sensor PKB01-1-E13
Filter Inductance 1.2mH
Filter Capacitor 60uF
The hardware circuit framework of PV three-phase inverter
system is shown in Figure 4.

Fig. 5 Experimental platform

4.2 Implement of software

The program of system consists of main program and
underflow interrupt subroutine of timer. Main program
completes the system hardware and software initialization,
as is shown in Figure6. Interrupt subroutine completes the
algorithm of control part, is the core of the software design
and it can be seen in Figure 3.

Fig. 4 Hardware circuit of PV inverter

In the framework, PV cells provide DC voltage and the

inverter unit changes DC to AC. After filtering, the system
provides stable voltage to loads. In the meantime, voltage
transformer and current transformer send voltage and
current to PV inverter controller respectively. By analysis
and calculation, the controller displays the parameters on
Display Unit and sends pulse to IGBT.

Fig. 6 Flowchart of main program

2012 24th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC) 227

 5 SIMULATION OF CONTROL STRATEGY
Based on the above theoretical analysis, the PV inverter
system controlled by SVPWM has been modeled and
simulated. Taking the modulating period T = 0.0002s,
amplitude of the input AC reference voltage is 380V,
frequency is 50Hz, DC input voltage is 538V , the filter
inductance is 0.5mH, and filter capacitor is 0.1uF.Taking
phase A as an example, simulation results are shown in
Figure 7, 8.
6 RESULT OF EXPERIMENT
The amplitude of the input AC reference voltage is 22V,
frequency is 50Hz, DC input voltage is 135V and switching
frequency is 4.8 kHz. Experimental waveforms are shown
in Figure 9~14. Where, Figure 9, 10 are the waveforms
from Oscilloscope TDS3012B. Figure 11~14, are from
Power Quality Analyzer FLUKE435.


(a) SVPWM

(a) Based on conventional SVPWM algorithm without filter


(b) Tc1

Fig. 7 SVPWM waveforms and switch point Tc1

It can be seen from Figure 7 that modulating wave of

SVPWM presents the shape of a saddle, this will help to
improve the DC voltage utilization and restrain harmonic.
(b) Based on fast SVPWM algorithm without filter

Fig. 9 Waveform of phase voltage


(a) Without filter

(a) Based on conventional SVPWM algorithm with filter


(b) With filter

Fig. 8 Voltage waveform of simulation

Figure 8 shows that the new SVPWM control strategy (b) Based on fast SVPWM algorithm with filter
controls inverter well and gets six-beat step wave. After
Fig. 10 Waveform of phase voltage
filtering, we can get standard sine wave.

228 2012 24th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC)

From Figure 9 and Figure 10, we can see that waveform of
conventional SVPWM control algorithm and fast SVPWM
control algorithm are much similar. However, the operating
time is different.
(a) Based on conventional SVPWM (b) Based on fast SVPWM algorithm
algorithm without filter without filter
Fig. 11 Phase voltage waveform
 Inverters in the Over modulation Range. IEEE Trans.
(a) Based on conventional SVPWM (b) Based on fast SVPWM algorithm
algorithm without filter without filter
Fig. 12 Harmonic distortion
In Figure.11 and Figure.12, L1 ǃL2 and L3 represent
A-phase voltage ǃB-phase voltage and C-phase voltage
respectively. Without filter, THD (total harmonic distortion)
of conventional SVPWM algorithm is 22.5%, 22.3% and
21.7%, while THD of fast SVPWM algorithm is 12.6%,
12.8%, 12.4%. The third, fifth, seventh, ninth harmonic are
the main harmonic component. All the content of main
harmonic based on fast SVPWM algorithm is lower than
that of conventional SVPWM algorithm.
(a) Based on conventional SVPWM (b) Based on fast SVPWM algorithm
algorithm with filter with filter
Fig. 13 Harmonic distortion
With filter, THD (total harmonic distortion) of
conventional SVPWM algorithm is 4.3%, 4.5% and 4.1%.
By contrast, THD (total harmonic distortion) of fast
SVPWM algorithm is 3.1%, 3.7% and 3.5% and is also
lower than that of conventional SVPWM algorithm.
2012 24th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC)
(a) Based on conventional SVPWM (b) Based on fast SVPWM algorithm
algorithm with filter with filter
Fig. 14 Harmonic distortion
7 CONCLUTION
In discussions, on the basis of principle of SVPWM
technology, this paper comes up with a new algorithm of
SVPWM, simulation and measured waveforms of the
actual system shows that the new algorithm is correct and
feasible. It saves CPU resources, increases the utilization of
voltage and control precision of system, it has high
efficiency of calculations, hard real time and easy to realize.
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