Name – raj raosaheb gangadhare

Enrollment no.2001200161

Roll no – 15

Sub- chemisty microproject

In the cold lime soda process the reactions take place at normal
temperature. The raw water is passed into a tank with a static
continuous flow, at the same time a calculated amount of chemical
mixture of lime and soda ash are also added a static continuous flow
and then thoroughly mixed with a stirrer in this mixture tank. Afterward
this water is allowed to settle. When the settlement becomes complete
the water is passed by continuous up-flow process into another tank
which is called filter bed. Then we get soften water.
The cold lime soda process is not suitable for all purposes. It is limited
for those purposes where partially softened water needed because this
process fails to precipitate completely all the hardness forming salts.
The cold lime soda process is used for municipal water and cooling
water softener systems. The reason in case of municipal purpose, it is
not necessary to remove all water hardness forming ions. Same way
cooling water should be free from temporary water hardness. In this
process it is possible to remove magnesium water hardness nearly
completely but calcium hardness may be remains more than 40ppm
Functions of Soda During the removal of Mg2+, Fe2+, Al3+ , HCl
and H2SO4 by lime, permanent calcium hardness is introduced in
the water due to formation of calcium salts The permanent calcium
hardness thus introduced on account of the treatment of water with
lime and the permanent calcium hardness already present in water
before lime treatment are removed by soda CaCl2 + Na2CO3
CaCO3 + 2NaCl CaSO4 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + Na2SO4
*It is done at room temperature(25-30o C)

*It is a slow process

*The use of coagulants is must

*Softened water has residual hardness around

60ppm
*It can be carried out by four ways. So as per necessary, its required
type can be used.

*Soft water obtained by this process has residual hardness about 50-
60 ppm.
*It is slow process because reactions during water softening takes
place in very dilute solutions and room temp.

*it requires coagulant for setting particles of ppt. formed during reaction
of water softening.

*It does not give soft water having residual hardness less than 50-
60 ppm.