10

LScience Activity Sheet

Quarter 4 - MELC 4

A Week 7-8
Factors Affecting Rates of
Chemical Reactions

S
_
S REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
Science 10
Activity Sheet No. 4: Factors Affecting Rates of Chemical Reactions
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any

work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the

government agency of office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet was developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resources may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or
mechanical without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 –
Western Visayas.
Development
DevelopmentTeam
TeamofofScience
ScienceActivity
ActivitySheet
Sheet
Writer: Jennie H. Grande
Writers: Anna Liza C. Pedreso
Illustrator: Christian
Arman Floyd I. Erad
F. Arroyo
Layout Ma.
Editor: Artist: ChristianG.
Concepcion Floyd I. Erad
Pagcaliwagan
Layout Artist: Anna Liza C. Pedreso
School Division
Illustrator: Quality
Gelbert O. TupanAssurance Team
Ma. Concepcion G. Pagcaliwagan
RochelleQuality
School Division T. PatiasAssurance Team
Grace B. Jungco
Rowena C. Golez Ma. Concepcion G. Pagcaliwagan
Division ofAna
La Carlota City
Lee C. Bartolo Management Team O. Tupan
Gelbert
Neri Anne M. Alibuyog,
Kenrose B. Mangubat
Nelly E. Garrote
Analee
Division of G. Bartolo
La Carlota City Management Team
Ma. Concepcion G. Pagcaliwagan
Neri Anne M. Alibuyog Bernie L. Libo-on
Regional Management Team
Melgar B. Coronel Analee G. Bartolo
Ma.
Ma.Gemma M. Ledesma,
Concepcion G. Pagcaliwagan Rowena C. Golez
Josilyn S. Solana,
Regional Elena P. Gonzaga,
Management Team
Donald T.
Ramir B. Uytico Josilyn S. Solana
Genine
Elena P. Gonzaga Donald T. Genine
Rovel R.
Rovel R. Salcedo Moonyeen C. Rivera
Salcedo,
Anita S. Gubalane Minda L. Soldevilla
Moonyeen C. Rivera,
Joseph M. Pagalaran Daisy L. Lopez
Introductory Message
Welcome to Science 10!

This Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division Office of La Carlota City and DepEd Regional Office VI – Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This was
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible adults)
in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum.

This Learning Activity Sheet is a self-directed instructional material aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring lifelong learning skills, knowledge, and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For the learning facilitator:

This Science 10 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-learning activities for
the specified Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face
encounter between the teacher and the learner. This is made available to the learners with
references/links to ease independent learning.

For the learner:

This Science 10 Activity Sheet was developed to help you continue learning even if
you are not in school. This learning material provides you with meaningful and engaging
activities for independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and understand
the instructions then perform the activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned
to your school and teacher on the agreed schedule.
Name of Learner: __________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ______________________________Date: _______________________

SCIENCE 10 ACTIVITY SHEET No. 4

Factors Affecting Rates of Chemical Reactions

I. Learning Competency with Code

Explain how the factors affecting rates of chemical reactions are applied in food
preservation and materials production, control of fire, pollution, and corrosion.
(S10MT-IVh-j-24)

II. Background Information for Learners

You learned in Kinetic Molecular Theory that molecules are always in constant
motion. Gaseous and liquid state of matter are characterized by motion which leads
to effective collisions, which in turn cause chemical reactions.
In Collision Theory, for a chemical reaction to occur, it is necessary for the
reactants to come together or collide with one another. Note that most collisions are
not successful. To produce new product molecules, these are the criteria to consider:

(a) The reactant should have sufficient energy. The particles must have a
certain minimum amount of kinetic energy to react as suggested by Svante Arrhenius
(1888). The least energy required for a reaction to occur is known as the activation
energy (Ea). (Refer to energy diagrams below)
The energy diagrams below are used to analyze the changes in energy that
occur during a chemical reaction. The energy of the reactants should pass the energy
barrier. Activation energy is the energy required to initiate a reaction and force the
reactants to form an activated complex. The activated complex is located at the peak
of the energy diagram for a reaction.

Ea w/o catalyst
Activation energy
Ea w/ catalyst
....................
Overall energy
Reactant Reactant H
Energy

change
Energy

Product Product

Progress of Reaction Reaction Coordinate

A B
Figure 1. Energy diagram of a reaction without catalyst (A), with catalyst (B).

(b) The molecules should be in proper orientation that the proper atoms
collide with one another, and the bonds can break and re-form in the necessary order.
Factors Affecting Rates of Chemical Reactions

Have you ever wondered why do fruits placed inside a cabinet ripen faster than if placed
in a refrigerator? Why does raising the temperature to shorten the cooking time? Why does
chopped wood burn more easily than a whole block of wood? All these observations have
something to do with the factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions.
How fast can chemical reactions go? Each reactions proceeds at its own speed. Some
reactions are naturally faster, some slower under the same conditions. However, the rate of
almost any reaction can be modified in many ways.
1. Nature of the Reactants
The rate of reaction highly depends to a large extent on the nature of the reactants.
Some reactions are very slow while some reactions are naturally faster than others. Active
and inactive are the terms used in describing the nature of reactants. For instance, sodium
is a very active metal because it reacts violently with water.

2. Surface Area
The surface area refers to the total area of all the surfaces of a solid material. The larger
surface area would mean more points of contact between reactants and hence a faster rate
of reaction. The smaller the size of particles, the greater the surface area.

Figure 2. Surface Area

3. Temperature
Why do fruits ripen faster when placed inside a cabinet than if placed in a refrigerator?
Chemists observed that the speed of many chemical reactions doubles when the temperature
increases by about 10⁰C.
When the temperature of a system is increased, the average kinetic energy of the
molecules or particles of reactants is raised. Greater particles acquire energies higher than
activation energy, thus, resulting in increased efficiency of collisions or a doubled rate of
reaction. The reverse happens with milk in a refrigerator. As the average kinetic energy of
the molecules decreases, there is a slowing down of the reaction and fewer molecules can
participate in efficient collisions.

Figure 3. Temperature
4. Concentration
As stated in the collision theory of chemical reactions, concentration is an important
factor because molecules must collide to react with each other. Concentration refers to the
relative amount of the components in a system. When the concentration of the reactants
increases, the frequency of the molecules colliding increases striking each other frequently.
Increasing the amount of one or more reactants causes the collisions to happen more often,
thus, increasing the rate of reaction. 2

Figure 4. Concentrations

5. Catalyst
A catalyst is a substance that hastens a chemical reaction without itself being
consumed. It may get back unchanged at the end of the reaction. A catalyst acts by lowering
the activation energy of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed in the course of
the reaction. ( refer to Figure 1B)

Application of the Factors Affecting Rate of Chemical Reactions

How the factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions are applied in food production,
preservation, control of fires, pollution, corrosion, and materials production are illustrated
below:

1. Many food industries are based upon methods of temporary preservation. Each method
selected naturally varies according to the product to be temporarily preserved. Low
temperature may not kill microorganisms, but their activities and reproduction are temporarily
checked. Chemical changes are also retarded by low temperatures. High quantities of meat,
fruits, eggs, and vegetables are stored cold to preserve and make them available for a longer
period of the year.

2. Control of fires
a. The factor here is the surface area of the combustible material. In Bocaue, Bulacan
where the trading hub of pyrotechnics located, most of the causes of fires that they label as
due to undetermined origin have always been the storage of pyrotechnic materials in powder
form that easily get heated in the storing.
 b. Gasoline stations have to make visible the “No Smoking” signs because of the very
high combustible nature of liquid gasoline. Since gasoline evaporates easily, the gas spreads
and readily combines with oxygen in the air, so that little spark will cause an explosion. That
is an extremely rapid oxidation reaction.

3. To have a quality of air that is pollution-free, do the following practices. Stay away from
factories that use fossil fuels as an energy source. Make a compost heap instead of burning
leaves. This can later be used as fertilizer. In your car, use lead-free gas. Make sure that you
don’t leave your engine idling. Do not use pesticides at home unless it is necessary.

4. Corrosion can be controlled by oiling your machines or keeping your equipment dry to
prevent a reaction. Oiling lessens the surface area and rate of reaction between the metals
and oxygen and hence makes oxidation slow.

5. Improving production of materials. Here, the nature of the reactant is a very important
factor. The galvanized iron roof has been launched in the Philippine market. Steel is
combined with aluminum to give an attractive finished surface that is excellent heat-resistant.
About 80% of the heat received is reflected, thus, preventing the indoor temperature from
rising due to sunlight and ensures agreeable living conditions.

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook

Department of Education (2015). K-12 Basic Education Curriculum, Science 10
Learners Material (pp. 422-433). Pasig City, Philippines.

IV. Activity Proper:

Activity 1

Directions: Analyze the following illustrations and answer the guide questions below.
Illustration A Illustration B
Before Collision After Before Collision After

Guide Questions:

1. Which illustration above is considered successful collision? Why?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. Which illustration is considered unsuccessful collision? Why?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

4
 What criteria would you consider in order to produce a new product?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
How does Collision Theory affect the chemical reaction?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Activity 2
Think and Explain

Directions: On the first column below are the factors affecting the rate of the chemical
reactions, explain how these factors are applied in food preservation and materials
production, control of fire, pollution, and corrosion. Write your answer on the second
column. You may use a separate sheet of paper.

Factors Affecting the Rate of Chemical

Application
Reactions

1. Nature of Reactants

2. Surface Area

3. Temperature

5
4. Concentration

5. Catalyst
Activity 1
1. Illustration B because reactants met its criteria to form a product.
2. Illustration A because reactants wasn’t met the required criteria to form a product.
3. To produce a new product the reactant should have sufficient energy and correct
orientation.
4. There will be less or no chemical reaction to produce without collision theory .
Activity 2
(Answers may vary)
Possible answers
Factors Affecting the Rate of Chemical Applications
Reactions
1. Nature of Reactants Improving the production of materials. Here,
the nature of the reactant is a very important
factor. Galvanized iron roof has been
launched in our market. Steel is combined
with aluminum to give an attractive finished
surface that is an excellent heat resistant.
2. Surface Area Corrosion can be controlled by oiling your
machines or keeping your equipment dry in
order to prevent reaction. Oiling lessens the
surface area and rate of reaction between
the metal and oxygen, and hence makes
oxidation slow.
3. Temperature Many food industries are used different
methods of preservation. Each method
selected naturally varies according to the
product to be temporarily preserved.
VI. Answer Key
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
I need more information about
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
I don’t understand
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
I understand
Complete the statements below.
V. Reflection
ion_Theory
%3A_Modeling_Reaction_Kinetics/6.01%3A_Collision_Theory/6.1.06%3A_The_Collis
ok_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Kinetics/06
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbo
Google.
Google. https://lumenlearning.com/factors-affecting-chemical-reaction
Google. https://atas.scientific.com.au
and Technology Third Year (pp. 204-209, 8214-215). Quezon City, Philippines.
Rabago, L. M., Mapa, A.P.and Fidelino, T.B. (2001). Chemistry Textbook in Science
VII. Other Links and References
Low temperatures may not kill
microorganisms but their activities and
reproduction are temporarily checked.
Chemical changes are also retarded by low
temperatures. High quantities of meats,
fruits, eggs and vegetables are stored cold
to preserve and make them available for
longer period of the year.
4. Concentration High concentration of reactants generally
increases the rate of reaction because more
of the reacting molecules are present to form
the reaction products. Like some chemicals,
called additives, are added to food not only
to prevent spoilage and improve its
appearance but also to give a variety of
flavors, aroma, and texture.
5. Catalyst Nickel catalyst applied on the preparation of
margarine from vegetable oil. Hydrogen gas
reacts with the oil and causes it to become
hydrogenated or solidified.