INTELLIGENT GARBAGE MANAGEMENT IN

SMART CITIES USING IOT

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

AKHILA RAVI.R.U 963617106002

KEERTHI.K.S 963617106007

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

LOURDES MOUNT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY ,

MULLANGANAVILAI

APRIL 2021

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “ INTELLIGENT

GARBAGE MANAGEMENT IN SMART CITIES USING
IOT” is the bonafide work of AKHILA RAVI.R(963617106002)
KEERTHI.K.S (963617106007) who carried out the project work
under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr.S.R BREESHA MISS.B.S.SUJITHRA

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Assistant Professor
Department of ECE Department of ECE
Lourdes Mount College of Lourdes Mount College of
Engineering and Technology Engineering and Technology
Mullanganavilai Mullanganavilai
Submitted for the project viva-voice held on ________________

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We acknowledge with great gratitude to all those who helped us to make
this project a great success. At the very outset, we express our thanks to the
Lord Almighty who blessed with a healthy situation and has bestowed upon
us the required skill to pursue this technical course
We express deep gratitude and thanks to our chairman Mr.P.Lawrence
for providing all the facilities to do our project inside the college campus.
We would like to express sincere gratitude and thanks to our principal
Dr.S.S.Vinsley,M.E,Ph.D, to give full support and providing us necessary
facilities to complete our project.
We wish to express deep sense of gratitude to our head of department
Dr.S.R.Breesha M.E,Ph.D, Department of Electronics and communication
engineering for her constant encouragement in pursuit of our project.
We are deeply indebted to our Supervisor Miss B.S.SUJITHRA,M.E
Assistant Professor for her motivation, inspiration, and encouragement to
undertake this work.
Finally I would like to acknowledge my parents and friends for their love,
understanding and extreme support. It is my pleasure to thank each and
every one who directly or indirectly helped me for the completion of my
project.
Regards,
Akhila Ravi.R.U
Keerthi.K.S
 ABSTRACT

This paper introduces a smart city garbage management

system using IOT innovation technique. Garbage dumped on the
streets and in public places typically results in unsanitary
conditions. The current system uses a physical approach to verify
the amount of garbage collected in the bin, which is then emptied
by the corporation. In order to deal with these kind of tragedies an
intelligent garbage management in smart cities using IOT is put
forward which is a combination of both hardware and software
technologies. The aim of this project is to provide efficient garbage
collection system by connecting Wi-Fi assisted waste management
activities. The system frame work is based on different sensors, Wi-
Fi and microcontroller. Intelligent garbage management uses
multiple technologies firstly the technology for measuring the
amount of trash dumped secondly the movement of waste and lastly
sending necessary signal to the cloud server with details like
dustbin level along with the unique ID provided. The proposed
system of waste management yield to green and healthy
environment with good performance efficiency.

iii
 LIST OF CONTENT
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

OFF
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Internet-of-Things 1
1.2 Waste Management 3
1.3 Overview 7
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 10
2.1 Norfadzlia Mohd Yusof1,Aiman Zakwan 10
Jidin ,”SMART GARBAGE MONITORING
SYSTEM FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT ”,
MATEC Web of Conferences,2017
2.2 Shwetashree Vijay, Pilla Nitish Kumar, 10
“SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
USING ARDUNIO IJERT”,2019
2.3 Pooja Devi , Wajge Ahubhan Ravidra,
S.K.L.V Sai prakash,”An IOT Enabled Smart 11
Waste Management System in Concern
with Indian Smart Cities “2nd international
conference “,2018

iv
 2.4 Murugaandam Se,”EFFICIENT IOT 12
BASED SMART BIN FOR CLEAN
ENVIRONMENT ”,2017
2.5 Ashok Kumar Yadav,”WASTE 12
MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING
SYSTEM USING IOT”,2019
2.6 Sharmil barve,Ridhi Bhandari,”IOT BASED 13
WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
”International Research journal,2020
2.7 K.Alice Mary ,Porreddy Monica “IOT 14
BASED GARBAGE MONITORING
SYSTEM”, International Research journal
vol 8,2017
2.8 TEOH JI SHENG,”AN INTERNET OF 14
THINGS BASED SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM USING LORA AND TENSORFLOW DEEP
LEARNING MODEL”,2020
2.9 N.Satheesh Kumar B.Vuayakakshmi,R.Jennifer” 15
IOT BASED SMART GARBAGE ALERT SYSTEM
USING ARDUINO UNO”,IEEE Region 10
Conference,2016
2.10 Parul Singh ,Akansha gupta ,”IOT BASED SMART 16
WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING
ARDUINO ”,vol 3,2020
3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 17
3.1 Existing system 17
3.1.1 Disadvantages of existing System 17
3.2 Proposed System 18
3.2.1 Advantages of Proposed system 18
v
4 SYSTEM DESIGN 19
4.1 Block Diagram 19
4.1.1Block Diagram Description 19
4.2 Circuit Diagram 20
4.2.1 Circuit Diagram Description 20
5 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 22
5.1 Hardware Requirements 22
5.2 software Requirements 22
5.3 Hardware Specification 22
5.3.1 Power Supply 22
5.3.2 LCD Display 23
5.3.3 ARDUINO UNO 24
5.3.4 Ultrasonic Sensor 27
5.3.5 Motor driver L293D 28
5.3.6 DC GEAR MOTOR 29
5.3.7 Wi-Fi Module 30
5.3.8 Soil moisture sensor 31

6 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 33
6.1 Modules 33
6.1.1Sensor’s interfacing and its working 33
6.1.2Wireless transmission of sensor data 34
6.1.3Dustbin monitoring 34
6.1.4 Remote monitoring 35
6.1.5 Uninterrupted power supply 36
7 SOFWARE DESCRIPTION 37
 7.1 Software specification 37
vi
7.1.1 Arduino IDE 37

8 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 43

8.1 Snapshot 43
9 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 44
9.1 Conclusion 44
9.2 Future Enhancement 44
APPENDIX 46
REFERENCES 54
 vii

LIST OF FIGURE

FIGURE NAME PAGE

Fig 1.1 Waste Management 7

Fig 4.1 Block Diagram 19
Fig 4.2 Circuit Diagram 20
Fig 5.1 LCD Display 23
Fig 5.2 Arduino Uno 25
Fig 5.3 Pin Diagram of Atmega 328 26
Fig 5.4 Ultrasonic sensor 28
Fig 5.5 Motor Driver L293D 29
Fig 5.6 DC Gear Motor 30
Fig 5.7 ESP8266 31
Fig 5.8 Soil moisture sensor 52
Fig 7.1 Selecting the Board 39
Fig 7.2 Select the Port on Arduino IDE 40
Fig 7.3 Compiling 41
Fig 7.4 Burning 42
viii
 LIST OF ABBREVIATION

ACRONYM EXPANSION

RFID Radio Frequency Identification

UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MSW Munisipal Solid Waste

SMS Short Message Service

QoS Quality of services

IS Intelligent System

AI Artificial Intelligence

HIM Hu’s Invariant Moments

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

ix
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTERNET-OF-THINGS

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept in which surrounding objects are

connected through wired and wireless networks without user intervention. In the field
of IoT, the objects communicate and exchange information to provide advanced
intelligent services for users. Owing to the recent advances in mobile devices equipped
with various sensors and communication modules, together with communication
network technologies such as Wi-Fi and LTE, the IoT has gained considerable
academic interests.

The term Internet of Things was introduced by Kevin Ashton, who was the
director of the Auto-ID Center of MIT in 1999. The initial technical realization of IoT
was achieved by utilizing RFID technology for the identification and tracking of
devices and storing device information. However, IoT utilizing RFID technology was
limited to object tracking and extracting information of specific objects. The current
IoT performs sensing, actuating, data gathering, storing, and processing by connecting
physical or virtual devices to the Internet. For IoT applications performing these
functions, a variety of researches on IoT services including environmental monitoring,
object tracking, traffic management, health care, and smart home technology are being
conducted.

Owing to the characteristics and merits of IoT services, waste management has
also become a significant issue in academia, industry, and government as major IoT
application fields. An indiscriminate and illegal discharge of waste, an absence of
waste disposal and management systems, and inefficient waste management policies
have caused serious environmental problems and have incurred considerable costs for
waste disposal. To handle these problems, various researches into waste management
based on IoT technology have been conducted, from studies on RFID technology to
studies on waste management platforms and systems. However, there remains a lack of
research into waste management based on IoT technology or on the application of
developed waste management systems in Republic of Korea.

Internet of Things (IoT) is another correspondence point of view anticipated as a

general course of action of physical articles and contraptions being able to talk with one
another. It incorporate a course of action of physical articles, gadgets, machines,
homes, etc, furnished with hardware, sensors, programming and structure openness
with fitting custom stacks that makes them arranged to amass and exchange
information with each other. In IoT, a 'thing' can be any trademark or fake things that
can be amazingly related to numbers, names or addresses and equipped with the
capacity to share information over the system. Today, IoT is growing astonishing idea
in two or three associations and has been known as a victor among the most
encouraging areas of future advancement. For example, IoT veritable inspiration for
undertakings is achievable when related gadgets can cooperate and encourage with
their frameworks and activities. With the incident to IoT, the has seen contraptions
enlargement and these new time of IoT gadgets have been named 'wise', having the
capacity to distinguish, figure, inspect, and solidify adequately with the wrapping
condition . Shrewd contraptions are inserted with hardware considered as significant
swarm and heterogeneous in nature concerning future, asset limits and correspondence
degrees of progress. Besides, these sharp gadgets have predicted to outflank the
measure of other commendable gadgets in getting to the Internet at the earliest
opportunity.

Internet of things (IoT) is a communication paradigm that envisions a future

paradigm where everyday life objects will be equipped with a microcontroller and
some form of communication protocol. One well-known product of IoT is the smart
city, which can be defined as a city with smart technology, smart people, and smart
collaboration. IoT shall transparently and seamlessly incorporate a large number of
heterogeneous end systems while providing open access to select subsets of data for the
development of a plethora of digital services. One major topic within the smart city is
smart waste management. When it comes to waste management systems, the
communication distance between the waste collection center and the waste collection
point is a major factor in determining the system’s effectiveness.

Advances in the field of IoT have made it possible to improve the existing waste
management system. Sensors implementation in the waste bin together with IoT
connectivity allow for real-time monitoring, which is absent in the existing waste
management system. Data such as filling level, temperature, humidity, and any
necessary data can be collected from the sensors. These data can then be transferred to
the cloud for storage and processing. The processed data can then be used to study and
access the limitation of the existing waste management system and therefore improve
the system’s efficiency as a whole. IoT application in the waste bin is one step towards
a smart city.

1.2 WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste management is one of the core concerns of modern age. As nations around
the world are developing, their concerns and accountability for a healthier and
sustainable environment is also increasing. While developed countries are inventing
and implementing smart solutions for waste management and bringing about huge
positive impacts, waste management seems to be a play out of the league for the under
developed or developing countries. There are numerous categories and each with
different classifications of waste materials, like clinical to nuclear, biodegradable to
non-bio-degradable and common household to industrial toxic waste. While developed
countries are able to manage and treat these waste materials of different categories,
developing countries like India and Bangladesh are still struggling with the collections
and proper disposal of common household waste materials. Disorganized management
and dumping of waste is a noticeable cause for ruining the environment in the major
cities of these developing countries.

Currently, according to a UNFPA report, Dhaka is one of the most polluted cities
in the world and one of the issues concerned is the management of municipal waste.
Implementing existing smart solutions for waste management systems in developing
countries like Bangladesh is a far greater challenge due to many different factors e.g.:
socioeconomic environment, and the unplanned infrastructural issues. Waste are
carried and thrown improperly leading to unhealthy and inhabitable environment that
costs the government insane amount of money with not at all positive impact.
Therefore, wastes and garbage need to be packed, dumped, collected, transported,
manipulated and recycled properly in such ways that garbage becomes a precious
wealth of the country.

Waste management (or waste disposal) includes the activities and actions
required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the
collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and
regulation of the waste management process and waste-related laws, technologies,
economic mechanisms.

Waste can be solid, liquid, or gaseous and each type has different methods of
disposal and management. Waste management deals with all types of waste, including
industrial, biological and household. In some cases, waste can pose a threat to human
health. Health issues are associated throughout the entire process of waste
management. Health issues can also arise indirectly or directly. Directly, through the
handling of said waste, and indirectly through the consumption of water, soil and food.
Waste is produced by human activity, for example, the extraction and processing of
raw materials. Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on
human health, the environment, planetary resources and aesthetics.
 Waste management practices are not uniform among countries (developed and
developing nations); regions (urban and rural areas), and residential and industrial
sectors can all take different approaches. Proper management of waste is important for
building sustainable and liveable cities, but it remains a challenge for many developing
countries and cities. A report found that effective waste management is relatively
expensive, usually comprising 20%–50% of municipal budgets. Operating this essential
municipal service requires integrated systems that are efficient, sustainable, and
socially supported. A large portion of waste management practices deal with municipal
solid waste (MSW) which is the bulk of the waste that is created by household,
industrial, and commercial activity. Measures of waste management include measures
for integrated techno-economic mechanisms of a circular economy, effective disposal
facilities, export and import control and optimal sustainable design of products that are
produced.

In the first systematic review of the scientific evidence around global waste, its
management and its impact on human health and life, authors concluded that about a
fourth of all the municipal solid terrestrial waste is not collected and an additional
fourth is mismanaged after collection, often being burned in open and uncontrolled
fires or close to one billion tons per year when combined. They also found that broad
priority areas each lack a “high-quality research base”, partly due to the absence of
“substantial research funding”, which motivated scientists often require.

Waste management is an important part of the urban infrastructure, as it ensures

the protection of the environment and of human health. It is not only a technical
environmental issue, but also a highly political one. Waste management is closely
related to a number of issues such as urban lifestyle, resource consumption patterns,
jobs and income levels, and other socio-economic and cultural factors. Lately there has
been a trend to enlarge the scope of waste management and include it within the larger
concept of resource management. Today, waste management must be seen in its full
context. It cannot be solved with merely technical end-of-pipe solutions. When we
employ a long-term waste management strategy to ensure sustainable development, this
will not only affect a number of different dimensions; there are also different levels of
decision-making and action involved. Decision-making and action take place at various
levels – nationwide, regional, local and finally in households. All aspects and all actors
must be considered when we develop a waste management system and implement it in
daily life.

There are also large differences in the level of proficiency in the countries of the
world. It is easy to forget that the category of countries that are now ‘fine-tuning’ their
waste management systems is a minority. The vast majority of countries is busy
struggling with such basic issues as ensuring sufficient collection services and
implementing a minimal degree of control at disposal sites at the same time as they are
facing increasing waste amounts due to the trend of urbanisation.

Fig 1.1 Waste Management

1.3 OVERVIEW

Today big cities around the world are facing a common problem, managing the
city waste effectively without making city unclean. Todays waste management systems
involve a large number of employees being appointed to attend a certain number of
dumpsters this is done every day periodically. This leads to a very inefficient and
unclean system in which some dumpsters will be overflowing some dumpsters might
not be even half full. This is caused by variation in population density in the city or
some other random factor this makes it impossible to determine which part needs
immediate attention. Here a waste management system is introduced in which each
dumpster is embedded in a monitoring system which will notify the corresponding
personal if the dumpster is full. In this system, it is also possible to separate wet and
dry waste into two separate containers. This system provides an effective solution to
waste management problem.

We are living in an age where tasks and systems are fusing together with the
power of IOT to have a more efficient system of working and to execute jobs quickly!
With all the power at our finger tips this is what we have come up with. The Internet of
Things (IoT) shall be able to incorporate transparently and seamlessly a large number
of different systems, while providing data for millions of people to use and capitalize.
Building a general architecture for the IoT is hence a very complex task, mainly
because of the extremely large variety of devices, link layer technologies, and services
that may be involved in such a system. One of the main concerns with our environment
has been solid waste management which impacts the health and environment of our
society. The detection, monitoring and management of wastes is one of the primary
problems of the present era. The traditional way of manually monitoring the wastes in
waste bins is a cumbersome process and utilizes more human effort, time and cost
which can easily be avoided with our present technologies. This is our solution, a
method in which waste management is automated. This is our IoT Garbage Monitoring
system, an innovative way that will help to keep the cities clean and healthy.

A system is introduced to manage waste in big cities effectively without having

to monitor the parts 24x7 manually. Here the problem of unorganized and non-
systematic waste collection is solved by designing an embedded IoT system which will
monitor each dumpster individually for the amount of waste deposited. Here an
automated system is provided for segregating wet and dry waste. A mechanical setup
can be used for separating wet and dry waste into separate containers here sensors can
be used for separating wet and dry. For detecting the presence of any waste wet or dry
can be detected using an IR sensor in the next step for detecting wet waste a moister
sensor can be used. In this process, if only IR is detected motor will rotate in the
direction of the dry waste container if both the sensor detects the waste then it will go
to the wet container. Both these containers are embedded with ultrasonic sensors at the
top, the ultrasonic sensor is used for measuring distance. This makes it possible to
measure the amount of waste in the containers if one of the containers is full then alert
message will be sent to the corresponding personal

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Norfadzlia Mohd Yusof1,Aiman Zakwan Jidin, and Muhammad Izzat Rahim,
” SMART GARBAGE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR WASTE
MANAGEMENT”, MATEC Web of Conferences, 2017

Piles of rubbish are one of the major problems faced by most people in Malaysia,
especially those who live in flats, as the number of bins is limited and shared among all
residents. It may cause pollutions, which may lead to sanitary issues and diseases. This
project presents the development of a smart garbage monitoring system in order to
measure waste level in the garbage bin in real-time and to alert the municipality, in
particular cases, via SMS. The proposed system is consisted by the ultrasonic sensor to
measure the waste level, the GSM module to send the SMS, and an Arduino Uno which
controls the system operation. It supposes to generate and send the warning messages
to the municipality via SMS when the waste bin is full or almost full, so the garbage
can be collected immediately. Furthermore, it is expected to contribute to improving
the efficiency of the solid waste disposal management.
2.2 Shwetashree Vijay , Pilla Nitish Kumar , Sam Raju , Vivekanandan S,
“SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING ARDUINO”, IJERT,
2019

In this paper, a system is introduced to manage waste in big cities effectively

without having to monitor the parts 24×7 manually. Here the problem of unorganized
and non- systematic waste collection is solved by designing an embedded IoT system
which will monitor each dumpster individually for the amount of waste deposited. Here
an automated system is provided for segregating wet and dry waste. A mechanical
setup can be used for separating wet and dry waste into separate containers here sensors
can be used for separating wet and dry. For detecting the presence of any waste wet or
dry can be detected using an IR sensor in the next step for detecting wet waste a
moister sensor can be used. In this process, if only IR is detected motor will rotate in
the direction of the dry waste container if both the sensor detects the waste then it will
go to the wet container. Both these containers are embedded with ultrasonic sensors at
the top, the ultrasonic sensor is used for measuring distance. This makes it possible to
measure the amount of waste in the containers if one of the containers is full then alert
message will be sent to the corresponding personal.

2.3 Pooja Devi, Wajge Shubham Ravindra, S.K.L.V Sai Prakash, “An IoT

Enabled Smart Waste Management System in Concern with Indian Smart Cities”
2nd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics, 2018

The Indian population is rapidly growing especially in the urban area. The most
of the rural population is shifting to the urban area leads to the construction of new
municipalities and rehabilitation of existing cities. The Indian Government as a result
of this committed to the development of “Smart cities mission”. The increase in
population leads to an increase in generation of waste and this may impact on public
and environment health. The key factors responsible for the generation of this waste are
industrialization, urbanization, and growth in an economic way. The current systems of
waste management in India are not that much efficient which may lead to an overflow
of waste in most of the places. A clean and hygienic environment is essential for health
and provides clean living space. The remedy for this problem is a “Smart bin”. Hence,
an IoT enabled Smart waste management system is proposed and its performance is
analyzed.

2.4. Murugaanandam Se, “EFFICIENT IOT BASED SMART BIN FOR CLEAN
ENVIRONMENT”, 2017

describe a dustbins are containers used for collecting household waste all around the
world. In our day to day life, we dispose variety of waste materials categorized as
industrial waste, sewage wastes, domestic wastes etc. Dustbins are used for collecting
the domestic waste materials. Indoor dustbins are used to collect wastes from
household, which are then disposed into the outdoor dustbins maintained by the
Corporation or Municipality. Indoor dustbins are smaller in size, whereas municipal
dustbins present outdoors are so big in size since it has to accommodate all the wastes
from many household users in that area. Hence our main focus is on the dustbins placed
outside every corner in the streets in order to keep the environment clean. Road side
dustbins are not monitored and cleaned properly most of the times. In this paper we
propose a new system for managing garbage within Smart Cities. This Efficient Waste
disposal or Management System is considered as an essential for Modern Smart Cities
(MSC). Internet of Things (IoT) can be implemented both in IS and MSC creating an
highly developed proposal for future Operations. Special methods can be applied to
enhance technology used for high Quality of Service (QoS) in our waste management
system. Specifically, IoT components like sensors, detectors, and actuators are
integrated into Intelligent System (IS) and Inspection systems for efficient waste
management. We recommend a sophisticated IS for efficient waste management in
Smart Cities. The proposed system is an automated alert based smart bin or garbage
collection system and to alert the authorities like corporation or local waste disposal
team. Using this, we can monitor the complete waste disposal in an efficient way.
2.5 Ashok Kumar Yadav, “WASTE MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING
SYSTEM USING IOT”, NCRIETS, Vol. 7, No. 12, 2019

Many times, in our city we see that the garbage bins or dustbins placed at public
places are overloaded. It creates unhygienic conditions for people as well as ugliness to
that place leaving bad smell. To avoid all such situations we are going to implement a
project called IoT Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection bins. These dustbins are
interfaced with microcontroller-based system having IR wireless systems along with
central system showing status of garbage, on mobile web browser with html page by
Wi-Fi. Hence, the status will be updated on to the html page. Major part of our project
depends upon the working of the Wi-Fi module; essential for its implementation. The
main aim of this project is to reduce human resources and efforts along with the
enhancement of a smart city vision.

2.6 Sharmila Barve, Ridhi Bhandari, Saurabh Chavan, Amit Devkar, “IOT
BASED WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology, Vol.07, No. 08, 2020

As the urbanization is increasing day by day peoples are producing more waste
than the past. Waste management is now becoming the most concerned topic thorough
out the world. The management of waste is becoming more serious problem and it may
aggravate numerous severe diseases for the nearby people. For mitigating the garbage’s
and maintains the cleanness, it requires ‘smartness based waste management system’.
This paper is proposed IOT based smart waste management system which checks the
waste level over the dustbins by using sensor systems. The details of the bins can be
directly viewed through app. The app shows the details of the bins like location of the
bin, the amount of garbage in it and the time it was cleaned previously. Once the
dustbin level is full it will directly send a notification to the authorities. This system
will help workers to collect the waste from the bins which are fully filled and those
who need urgent cleaning.
2.7 K. Alice Mary, Perreddy Monica, A. Apsurrunisa, Chathala Sreekanth, G.
Pavan, “IOT BASED GARBAGE MONITORING SYSTEM”, International
Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol. 8, No 4, 2017

In the present scenario as the population is increasing day by day, the

environment should be clean and hygienic. In most of the cities, the overflowed
garbage bins creating an unhygienic environment. This will further lead to the arise of
different types of unnamed diseases. This will degrade the standard of living. To avoid
all such situations this paper gives a clear picture of IOT based garbage monitoring
system to keep environment clean and safe.

2.8 TEOH JI SHENG, “AN INTERNET OF THINGS BASED SMART WASTE

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING LORA AND TENSORFLOW DEEP
LEARNING MODEL”, 2020

Traditional waste management system operates based on daily schedule which is

highly inefficient and costly. The existing recycle bin has also proved its
ineffectiveness in the public as people do not recycle their waste properly. With the
development of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), the traditional
waste management system can be replaced with smart sensors embedded into the
system to perform real time monitoring and allow for better waste management. The
aim of this research is to develop a smart waste management system using LoRa
communication protocol and TensorFlow based deep learning model. LoRa sends the
sensor data and Tensorflow performs real time object detection and classification. The
bin consists of several compartments to segregate the waste including metal, plastic,
paper, and general waste compartment which are controlled by the servo motors.
Object detection and waste classification is done in TensorFlow framework with pre-
trained object detection model. This object detection model is trained with images of
waste to generate a frozen inference graph used for object detection which is done
through a camera connected to the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ as the main processing
unit. Ultrasonic sensor is embedded into each waste compartment to monitor the filling
level of the waste. GPS module is integrated to monitor the location and real time of
the bin. LoRa communication protocol is used to transmit data about the location, real
time and filling level of the bin. RFID module is embedded for the purpose of waste
management personnel identification.

2.9 N. Sathish Kumar, B. Vuayalakshmi, R. Jenifer Prarthana, A. Shankar, “IOT

BASED SMART GARBAGE ALERT SYSTEM USING ARDUINO UNO”, IEEE
Region 10 Conference (TENCON), 2016

Waste management is one of the primary problem that the world faces
irrespective of the case of developed or developing country. The key issue in the waste
management is that the garbage bin at public places gets overflowed well in advance
before the commencement of the next cleaning process. It in turn leads to various
hazards such as bad odor & ugliness to that place which may be the root cause for
spread of various diseases. To avoid all such hazardous scenario and maintain public
cleanliness and health this work is mounted on a smart garbage system. The main
theme of the work is to develop a smart intelligent garbage alert system for a proper
garbage management. This paper proposes a smart alert system for garbage clearance
by giving an alert signal to the municipal web server for instant cleaning of dustbin
with proper verification based on level of garbage filling. This process is aided by the
ultrasonic sensor which is interfaced with Arduino UNO to check the level of garbage
filled in the dustbin and sends the alert to the municipal web server once if garbage is
filled. After cleaning the dustbin, the driver confirms the task of emptying the garbage
with the aid of RFID Tag. RFID is a computing technology that is used for verification
process and in addition, it also enhances the smart garbage alert system by providing
automatic identification of garbage filled in the dustbin and sends the status of clean-up
to the server affirming that the work is done. The whole process is upheld by an
embedded module integrated with RF ID and IOT Facilitation. The real time status of
how waste collection is being done could be monitored and followed up by the
municipality authority with the aid of this system. In addition to this the necessary
remedial / alternate measures could be adapted. An Android application is developed
and linked to a web server to intimate the alerts from the microcontroller to the urban
office and to perform the remote monitoring of the cleaning.

2.10 Parul Singh, Akanksha Gupta, Saurabh Raj, “IoT Based Smart Waste
Management System Using Arduino”, Volume-3, Issue-5, 2020

As we know that the population is increasing every day. The population must be
neat and clean. And we should bring cleanliness in Our habits. As we can see that in
many Cities the overflow garbage bins are Creating unhealthy and harmful
Environment. This paper is a survey that is based on Smart Garbage management in
cities using IoT. This survey helps to keep our environment clean by implementing
various smart garbage management approach to discard of all these problems an IoT
based real time garbage and waste bins detection system by integrating different
sensing and communication technologies is proposed. The system in divided into three
section, the first section consists of bins with sensor nodes installed in it that are
moisture, ultrasonic and odour sensor interfaced with microcontroller. Second segment
contain of Wi-Fi module for data move to the server and third section is web page

CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

Waste management is a costly operation as it takes up a great deal of resources

and labour. A DHT22 temperature sensor, MQ-135 gas sensor, IR sensor, passive
infrared, PIR sensor, and load cell are used to monitor the temperature and humidity,
presence of harmful gas, amount of garbage, presence of user, and weight of garbage
respectively. The system uses a total of five waste bins to handle five different types of
wastes, with each bin having its own set of sensors, which ultimately increases the
overall cost of the system. The system classies waste based on the first two Hu's
Invariant Moments (HIM) with the k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) algorithm by using
Euclidean distance.

3.1.1 Disadvantages of existing system

 System requires more number of waste bins for separate waste collection as per
population in the city.

 This results into high initial cost due to expensive smart dustbins compare to
other methods.

 Sensor nodes used in the dustbins have limited memory size.

 High maintenance and low life-span for high intensity uses.

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

To make a municipal waste management system useful at domestic level. Dry,

wet, metallic are the categories in which waste is compartmentalized. Continuous
increase in populace is increasing waste generation. Waste generated in India is in the
range of 200-870 grams per day and its rate is rising by about 1.3% per capita per year
in India. In addition to this, some portion of waste is burnt openly on dumpsites or
streets. As the production and consumption is proliferating, extensive amount of solid
materials are generated as well as rejected by people on regular basis. Garbage
Mountains are a commonly seen today. The waste dumped is ubiquity in the form of
rotting mound that dot our terrains and make our rivers, wells, lakes abhorrent.
Unsorted waste, when collected, is dumped openly that leads to generation of leachate
and gaseous emissions contaminating the nearby environment. The waste is sorted out
in three categories dry, wet and metallic. Wet waste at household level may be
vegetable peel, garden leaves, weeds, dried fruits etc.
3.2.1 Advantages of Proposed System

The proposed plan has many advantages, it is also cogent enough to be

implemented in every street of a developing nation. The advantages lie in its easy
and valuable functioning.

• Efficient and effective Functioning.

• Cleaner Environments

• Better health issues.

CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

LCD Display

Motor Driver
Ultrasonic sensor 1
Arduino
Microcontroller
Ultrasonic sensor 2
Motor 1 Motor 2
Soil Moisture Sensor
Wi-Fi

Power Supply Mobile Unit

Fig 4.1 Block Diagram

4.1.1 Block Diagram Description

Arduino microcontroller is used for this monitoring system. Soil moisture sensor
is sense the solid waste present in the dustbin. Ultrasonic sensor 1 is used for
monitoring the solid waste in the dustbin. Ultrasonic sensor 2 is used for monitoring the
dustbin is filling or not. Motor driver is used for controlling motors. Dc motor used for
rotating conveyer setup fot the dustbin. Wi-Fi is used for the communication between
the mobile and the controller. The alert messages are sending to the mobile from
controller through Wi-Fi. The power supply unit is given to the circuit for supply input
voltage of 12v. In this system consists of Arduino microcontroller, Wi-Fi module,
ultrasonic sensors, soil moisture sensor, motor, LCD-display and Android mobile.

4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

 Fig 4.2 Circuit Diagram

4.2.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

This system consists of a microcontroller, 16 x 2 LCD display, no. of sensors and

Wi-Fi module. Here Arduino microcontroller is used. It is a 16 bit microcontroller and
it requires supply voltage of 5V DC. The no. of sensors connected in the analog and
digital pins of the microcontroller. The controller circuit gets power from the power
supply. In the above circuit LCD is used to indicate the status of electrical loads and
also used to display received data from controller. Here LCD is interfaced to the
Arduino microcontroller in 4 bit mode. Wi-Fi module TX and RX pins are connected to
the RX and TX pins of controller respectively. Vcc pin is connected to the 5V and
GND pin is connected to ground. Controller communicates with Wi-Fi module using
serial communication.

CHAPTER 5

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
5.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

• Processor : Intel(R)Core

• RAM : 4 GB

• Monitor : 15 inch color

• Hard disk : 500 GB

• Key board : Standard US Keyboard

5.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

• Operating system : Windows 7/10

• Environment : Arduino IDE

5.3 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

5.3.1 Power Supply

The circuit is powered by a 12V dc adapter, which is given to LM7805 voltage

regulator by means of a forward voltage protection diode and is decoupled by means of
a 0.1 uf capacitor. The voltage regulator gives an output of exactly 5V dc supply. The
5V dc supply is given to all the components including the Microcontroller, the serial
port, and the IR transmitters and sensors.

The AC supply which when fed to the step down transformer is leveled down to
12 volts AC. This is then fed to full wave rectifier which converts it in to 12 volts DC.
This is then passed to a filter to remove the ripples. Then it is fed to a voltage regulator
that converts 12 V to 5 V stable voltages and currents.

5.3.2 LCD Display

 LCD (liquid crystal display) is the technology used for displays in notebook and
other smaller computers. Like light-emitting diode (LED) and gas-plasma technologies,
LCDs allow displays to be much thinner than cathode ray tube (CRT) technology.
LCDs consume much less power than LED and gas-display displays because they work
on the principle of blocking light rather than emitting it.

Fig.5.1 LCD Display

To establish a good communication between human world and machine world,

display units play an important role. And so they are an important part of embedded
systems. Display units - big or small, work on the same basic principle. Besides
complex display units like graphic displays and 3D displays, one must know working
with simple displays like 16x1 and 16x2 units. The 16x1 display unit will have 16
characters and are in one line. The 16x2 will have 32 characters in total 16in 1st line
and another 16 in 2nd line. Here one must understand that in each character there are
5x10=50 pixels so to display one character all 50 pixels must work together. But we
need not to worry about that because there is another controller (HD44780) in the
display unit which does the job of controlling the pixels.
 An LCD is made with either a passive matrix or an active matrix display display
grid. The active matrix LCD is also known as a thin film transistor (TFT) display. The
passive matrix LCD has a grid of conductors with pixels located at each intersection in
the grid. A current is sent across two conductors on the grid to control the light for any
pixel. An active matrix has a transistor located at each pixel intersection, requiring less
current to control the luminance of a pixel. For this reason, the current in an active
matrix display can be switched on and off more frequently, improving the screen
refresh time (your mouse will appear to move more smoothly across the screen, for
example).

5.3.3 ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14

digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a
16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a
reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply
connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started. The Arduino Uno is the most common version of Arduino family.
It contains everything needed to support the micro controller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-
serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2)
programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. Revision 2 of the Uno board has a resistor
pulling the 8U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode.
 Fig.5.2 Arduino Uno

USB: The USB port is used to power the board from the computer's USB port
and also to transfer the program code from computer into the Arduino microcontroller.

External Power: It is used to power the board if the USB connector is not used.
An AC adapter (9 volts, 2.1mm barrel tip, and center positive) could be used for
providing external power. If there is no power at the power socket, then the Arduino
will use power form the USB socket. But it is safe to have power at both the power
socket and USB socket.

Digital Pins(I/O): The Arduino Uno has 14 digital pins(0 to 13) of which the 6
are PWM(~).This pins can be either inputs or outputs .But we need to mention it in the
Arduino sketch(Arduino programming).The PWM(Pulse Width Modulated) pins acts
as normal digital pins and also used to control some functions. For example, control the
dimming of LED and control the direction of servo motor. Both digital inputs and
digital outputs can read one of the two values either HIGH or LOW.
 Fig.5.3 Pin diagram of Atmega 328

Analog Pins: The Analog pins (0 to 5) acts as inputs which is used to read the
voltage in analog sensors such as temperature sensor, gas sensor, etc. Unlike digital
pins which can only read one of the two values (HIGH or LOW), the analog inputs can
measure 1024 different voltage levels.

AT mega Microcontroller: The Arduino uses ATmega328 microcontroller. It is

a single chip microcontroller created by Atmel. This chip works well with Arduino
IDE. If damaged, this controller can be easily replaced. The Atmega328 has 32 KB of
flash memory for storing code (of which 0, 5 KB is used for the boot loader). It has also
2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM.

3.3V Pin: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum
current draw is 50 mA.
 5V Pin: The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other
components on the board. This can come either from an on-board regulator, or be
supplied by USB or another regulated 5V supply.

Reset Button: It is used to reset the microcontroller. Pushing this button will
temporarily connect the reset pin to ground and restart any code that is loaded on the
Arduino.

5.3.4 Ultrasonic sensor

The working principle of an ultrasonic sensor is simple and use high-frequency

sound waves that are evaluated when the sensor received back the waves. To determine
the distance between the robot and object, the sensor measure the elapsed time between
sending and receiving the waves. These sensors are ideal for measurement in different
environments where measurements cannot be affected by the surface, material, light,
dust, or other noises. In robotics, ultrasonic sensors are used in a wide range of
applications including here the measurement of distance, presence detection, or detect
the position of an object.

Fig.5.4 Ultrasonic sensor

HC-SR04 is one of the most popular ultrasonic sensors used in robotics by

students and hobbyists to determine the distance from a robot to objects. It is available
at a low-price; it is stable and has high accuracy. Working principle is similar to bats or
dolphins, and its operation is not affected by sunlight or other noises. HC-SR04
provides measurement function between 2 and 400 centimeters at range accuracy of 3
millimeters. The HC-SR04 module hosts the ultrasonic transmitter, the receiver and
control circuit.

5.3.5 Motor driver L293D

L293D is a widely used motor driver IC which allows DC motor to drive in

clockwise and anticlockwise direction.L293D is a 16 pin IC having the ability to
control and coordinate two DC motors simultaneously .It is basically a dual H-bridge
motor driver integrated circuit. It has the capability of operating small and big motors
used for robotic and industrial applications. Its major application is in robotic
applications for controlling DC motors. It has two enable pins pin 1 and pin 9 for
driving motors. The operation of driver IC with pin 1 and pin 9 in high state enables it
to driving the motors.

Fig.5.5 Motor Driver L293D

There are 4 input pins for l293d, pin 2,7 on the left and pin 15 ,10 on the right as
shown on the pin diagram. Left input pins will regulate the rotation of motor connected
across left side and right input for motor on the right hand side. The motors are rotated
on the basis of the inputs provided across the input pins as LOGIC 0 or LOGIC 1.

5.3.6 DC GEAR MOTOR

A geared DC Motor has a gear assembly attached to the motor. The speed of
motor is counted in terms of rotations of the shaft per minute and is termed as RPM.
The gear assembly helps in increasing the torque and reducing the speed. Using the
correct combination of gears in a gear motor, its speed can be reduced to any desirable
figure. This concept where gears reduce the speed of the vehicle but increase its torque
is known as gear reduction.  This Insight will explore all the minor and major details
that make the gear head and hence the working of geared DC motor.

Fig.5.6 DC Gear Motor

5.3.7 Wi-Fi Module

The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP
protocol stack that can give any microcontroller access to your Wi-Fi network. The
ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi networking
functions from another application processor. Each ESP8266 module comes pre-
programmed with an AT command set firmware, meaning, you can simply hook this up
to your Arduino device and get about as much Wi-Fi-ability as a Wi-Fi Shield offers.
The ESP8266 module is an extremely cost effective board with a huge, and ever
growing, community.

The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip with full TCP/IP stack and
microcontroller capability produced by Shanghai-based Chinese manufacturer
Espressif Systems.

The chip first came to the attention of western makers in August 2014 with the
ESP-01 module, made by a third-party manufacturer Ai-Thinker. This small module
allows microcontrollers to connect to a Wi-Fi network and make simple TCP/IP
connections using Hayes-style commands. However, at the time there was almost no
English-language documentation on the chip and the commands it accepted. The very
low price and the fact that there were very few external components on the module,
which suggested that it could eventually be very inexpensive in volume, attracted many
hackers to explore the module, chip, and the software on it, as well as to translate the
Chinese documentation.

Fig.5.7 ESP8266

The ESP8285 is an ESP8266 with 1 MiB of built-in flash, allowing for single-
chip devices capable of connecting to Wi-Fi.

5.3.8 Soil moisture sensor

 Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. Since the
direct gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and
weighing of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content
indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance,
dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture content.
The relation between the measured property and soil moisture must be calibrated and
may vary depending on environmental factors such as soil type, temperature, or electric
conductivity. Reflected microwave radiation is affected by the soil moisture and is used
for remote sensing in hydrology and agriculture. Portable probe instruments can be
used by farmers or gardeners. Soil moisture sensors typically refer to sensors that
estimate volumetric water content. Another class of sensors measure another property
of moisture in soils called water potential; these sensors are usually referred to as soil
water potential sensors and include tensiometers and gypsum blocks.

Fig 5.8 Soil moisture sensor

 CHAPTER 6

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

6.1 MODULES

 Sensor’s interfacing and it’s working

 Wireless transmission of sensor data

 Dustbin monitoring

 Remote monitoring

 Uninterrupted power supply

6.1.1 Sensor’s interfacing and it’s working

The solid waste management system consist of components are Arduino Uno,
Soil Moisture sensor, Ultrasonic sensor, DC motor, motor driver and ESP8266 Wi-Fi
module etc. Two DC motors are used; one is for moving conveyor belt and second is
for rotating dustbin position to collect garbage in separate dustbin. Motor driver is used
for driving DC motors. Ultrasonic sensors are used to detect garbage level in dustbins,
to determine the dustbin is full or empty. One is used to detect garbage level of dry
dustbin and second is to detect garbage level of wet dustbin. First power supply to
Arduino is given through USB from laptop & external 12V power supply is given to
both DC motors. In our project first garbage is placed on conveyor belt, then conveyor
belt will move through DC motor then moisture sensor will detect garbage is dry or
wet, if garbage is dry then it is collected in dry side of dustbin and if garbage is wet
then dustbin will move 180 degree & collect garbage in wet side of dustbin. After this
ultrasonic sensor will detect level of garbage in dustbins and send information to
Arduino, then Arduino send this information to wifi module & wifi module update this
information on mobile app.

6.1.2 Wireless transmission of sensor data

Sensors have to be implanted at the dustbin. Therefore, a number of sensor units

are set up with controllers in the field. All these controllers perform the same operation.
The data received by the controller are further transmitted to a control unit center
(CUC) locate at a remote location. At the CUC, the sensor data are further processed
and used for further analysis. The transmission of sensor data from a field location to a
CUC location is done using a wireless network developed using Wi-Fi modules.

Wi-Fi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that
can give any microcontroller access to your Wi-Fi network. This module has a
powerful enough on-board processing and storage capability that allows it to be
integrated with the sensors and other application specific devices through its GPIOs
with minimal development up-front and minimal loading during runtime. Its high
degree of on-chip integration allows for minimal external circuitry, including the front-
end module, is designed to occupy minimal PCB area. The ESP8266 supports APSD
for VoIP applications and Bluetooth co-existance interfaces, it contains a self-
calibrated RF allowing it to work under all operating conditions, and requires no
external RF parts. Whereas, Wi-Fi at the CUC location is configured as coordinator and
is connected to a Arduino controller.

6.1.3 Dustbin monitoring

It gives a real time indicator of the garbage level in a trashcan at any given time.
An Ultrasonic Sensor is used for detecting whether the trash can is filled with garbage
or not. Here Ultrasonic Sensor is installed at the top of Trash Can and will measure the
distance of garbage from the top of Trash can and we can set a threshold value
according to the size of trash can. If the distance will be less than this threshold value,
means that the Trash can is full of garbage and will print the message “Basket is Full”
on the LCD and if the distance will be more than this threshold value, then we will
print the distance remaining for the garbage vat to be full. The soil moisture sensor
monitor the solid waste present in the trash.

6.1.4 Remote monitoring

For remote monitoring of the sensors data, all sensors data received at the CUC
is saved on a cloud server provided by Blynk server. Blynk Server is an Open-Source
Netty based Java server, responsible for forwarding messages between Blynk mobile
application and various microcontroller boards and SBCs (i.e. Arduino). All the data
are present graphically which makes the interpretation and visualization of data easier.
It can control hardware remotely, it can display sensor data, it can store data, vizualize
it and do many other cool things.

There are three major components in the platform

Blynk App - allows to you create amazing interfaces for your projects using
various widgets we provide.

Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications between the smartphone
and hardware. You can use our Blynk Cloud or run your private Blynk server locally.
Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable communication with
the server and process all the incoming and outcoming commands.

6.1.5 Uninterrupted power supply

To provide an uninterrupted power supply to sensors, controller, Wi-Fi, pumps,

etc, solar panels with battery backup are installed. During the day time, solar panels
charge the batteries so that in the absence of sunlight, they can power all the
equipments.

CHAPTER 7

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

7.1 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

7.1.1 ARDUINO IDE

A program for Arduino may be written in any programming language for a

compiler that produces binary machine code for the target processor. Atmel provides a
development environment for their microcontrollers, AVR Studio and the newer Atmel
Studio.

The Arduino project provides the Arduino integrated development environment

(IDE), which is a cross-platform application written in the programming language Java.
It originated from the IDE for the languages Processing and Wiring. It includes a code
editor with features such as text cutting and pasting, searching and replacing text,
automatic indenting, brace matching, and syntax highlighting, and provides simple one-
click mechanisms to compile and upload programs to an Arduino board. It also
contains a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions
and a hierarchy of operation menus.

A program written with the IDE for Arduino is called a sketch. Sketches are
saved on the development computer as text files with the file extension .ino. Arduino
Software (IDE) pre-1.0 saved sketches with the extension .pde.
 The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code
structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project,
which provides many common input and output procedures. User-written code only
requires two basic functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are
compiled and linked with a program stub main() into an executable cyclic executive
program with the GNU tool chain, also included with the IDE distribution. The
Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the executable code into a text
file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program
in the board's firmware.

Benefits of Using Arduino

Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other

microcontroller platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can be
assembled by hand, and even the pre-assembled Arduino modules cost less than $50.

Cross-platform - The Arduino software runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and

Linux operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to Windows.

Open source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as

open source tools, available for extension by experienced programmers. The language
can be expanded through C++ libraries, and people wanting to understand the technical
details can make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C programming language on which
it's based. Similarly, you can add AVR-C code directly into your Arduino programs if
you want to.

Open source and extensible hardware - The Arduino is based on Atmel's

ATMEGA8 and ATMEGA168 microcontrollers. The plans for the modules are
published under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can
make their own version of the module, extending it and improving it. Even relatively
inexperienced users can build the breadboard version of the module in order to
understand how it works and save money.
 Step 1: Selecting the board: Choose the option Board and select your correct
Arduino board. I have chosen Arduino Uno.

Fig 7.1 Selecting the board

Step 2: Select the right port: The port number is assigned while installing the
hardware driver of board. You can find the port number by accessing device
manager on Windows. See the section Port (COM & LPT) and look for an open port
named Arduino Uno (COMxx). If using a different board, you will find a name
accordingly. What matters is the xx in COMxx part. In my case, it’s COM5. So my port
number is 5. To select the right port, go to Tools–> Serial Port and select the port
number.
 Fig 7.2 Select the Port on Arduino IDE

Now everything is ready. Your Arduino board is ready to communicate with

your PC and vice versa. Instructions will be sending to Arduino board from your PC.
Now let’s see how to do that.

There are two steps involved in loading the program from your PC to Arduino
board via the Arduino IDE. First step is compiling and second step is called burning.
Let’s see in detail.

Step 3: Compiling: This is the process of converting the code you have just
written in Arduino IDE to another form which is only understood by the micro
controller in your Arduino board. In our example, we use Arduino Uno board. It is
made using Avr micro controller (Atmega328). In the Arduino IDE, compiling is called
as verify. So hit the verify button in your IDE (see the button with tick mark just below
menu bar). Refer the screenshot given below as well. When you hit the verify button,
the program you have written in Arduino IDE will be compiled for any errors and then
converted to another form that Avr Atmega328 understands. You may refer our article
on the Arduino Software and Hardware to know in detail about the language used in
Arduino.

Fig 7.3 Compiling

Step 4: Burning: Embedded designers use the word burning to refer to uploading
a program to any micro controller. So in this step, we are going to upload the verified
program in Arduino IDE to the Arduino board. To do this, press the upload button (see
the button with right arrow mark). A click on the upload button will begin the process
of burning the compiled program to Avr micro controller on your Arduino board.
Depending on the size of your program, this will take a little time. If you look on your
Arduino board, you can see the 2 LED’s near Tx and Rx blinking. This is an indication
of successful communication between your PC and Arduino board. If the program has
been uploaded successfully, you will see a message like Done Uploading. If the
uploading process was not successful, you will see an error message accordingly.
Refer the screenshot given below.
Fig 7.4 Burning
 CHAPTER 8

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

8.1 SNAPSHOT
 CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

9.1 CONCLUSION

In this paper, a new methodology to practice solid waste management based on

IoT is proposed. The proposed approach uses different sensors to the dustbin. All the
sensor data are initially processed by using an Arduino micro-controller and are
transmitted to a control unit center. For transmission of the sensor data to a control
center, a wireless communication network using Wi-Fi modules is developed. At the
control center, all the sensor data are processed and necessary control signals are sent
for actuation. Also, for remote monitoring of the sensors, the Blynk server is used. In
this method, the overall cost of equipment is tried to minimize. We built an efficient
garbage monitoring system which can be used to monitor the level of garbage in the
dump. This data can be further used to plan garbage collection trips more efficiently,
ultimately reducing overflowing bins and helping have better public sanitation.

9.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

In the future, this methodology will be extended with the development of more
advanced algorithms to monitor and control other soil parameters. Further, a mobile
application will be developed to remotely monitor and manual controlling of the soil
parameter. In this way both types of control options would be provided to the users.

APPENDIX

Source Code
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

#include <ESP8266_Lib.h>

#include <BlynkSimpleShieldEsp8266.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

#define I2C_ADDR 0x27

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(I2C_ADDR,2,1,0,4,5,6,7,3,POSITIVE);

#include <TinyGPS.h>

TinyGPS gps;

char auth[] = "qFmZsWXRIzNSqvwMIkKlOdTxvL8wRwoJ";

char ssid[] = "V2029";

char pass[] = "sollamudiyathu";

#define EspSerial Serial2

#define ESP8266_BAUD 115200

ESP8266 wifi(&EspSerial);

float lat = 0.0;

float lon = 0.0;

long startMillis;

long secondsToFirstLocation = 0;

int trigPin1 = A1;

int echoPin1 = A2;

long duration1, cm1, inches1;

int trigPin2 = A3;

int echoPin2 = A4;

long duration2, cm2, inches2;

int moisture = A0;

int Vo;

const int motor1 =2;

const int motor2 = 4;

void setup() {

Serial1.begin(9600);

Serial2.begin(9600);

Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.begin(16, 2);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print(" SOLID WASTE");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(" MANAGEMENT S/M");

delay(2000);

Serial1.print("Simple TinyGPS library v. ");

Serial.println(TinyGPS::library_version());
Serial1.println("by Mikal Hart");

Serial1.println();

startMillis = millis();

Serial1.println("Starting");

EspSerial.begin(ESP8266_BAUD);

delay(10);

Blynk.begin(auth, wifi, ssid, pass);

Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, " SOLID WASTE ");

Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, " MANAGEMENT S/M");

delay(100);

pinMode(trigPin1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(echoPin1, INPUT);

pinMode(trigPin2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(echoPin2, INPUT);

pinMode(motor1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(motor2, OUTPUT);

lcd.clear();

int n=0;

void loop() {
Blynk.run();

Vo = analogRead(moisture);

digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(5);

digitalWrite(trigPin1, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);

pinMode(echoPin1, INPUT);

duration1 = pulseIn(echoPin1, HIGH);

cm1 = (duration1/2) / 29.1;

Serial.println(cm1);

if(cm1<4 )

lcd.print(" DUSTBIN ");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(" FULL ");

delay(500);

Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, " DUSTBIN");

Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, " FULL ");

lcd.clear();
}

if(Vo<800)

digitalWrite(motor2, HIGH);

lcd.print(" DEGRADABLE ");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(" WASTE ");

delay(500);

Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, " DEGRADABLE");

Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, " WASTE ");

lcd.clear();

digitalWrite(motor2, LOW);

if(Vo>800 && cm1>4 && cm1<8)

digitalWrite(motor1, HIGH);

lcd.print(" SOLID ");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(" WASTE ");

delay(500);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, " SOLID");

Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, " WASTE ");

lcd.clear();

digitalWrite(motor1, LOW);

void place()

bool newData = false;

unsigned long chars = 0;

unsigned short sentences, failed;

for (unsigned long start = millis(); millis() - start < 1000;)

while (Serial1.available())

int c = Serial1.read();

++chars;

if (gps.encode(c))

newData = true;

}
}

if (newData)

if(secondsToFirstLocation == 0){

secondsToFirstLocation = (millis() - startMillis) / 1000;

Serial.print("Acquired in:");

Serial.print(secondsToFirstLocation);

Serial.println("s");

unsigned long age;

gps.f_get_position(&lat, &lon, &age);

lat == TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE ? 0.0 : lat;

lon == TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE ? 0.0 : lon;

Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, 1, lat, lon, "patient");

//Serial.print("Location: ");

// Serial.print(lat, 6);

// Serial.print(" , ");

//Serial.print(lon, 6);

//Serial.println("");

lcd.print(lat);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(lon);

Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, lat);

Blynk.virtualWrite(V4, lon);

delay(500);

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

if (chars == 0){

//Serial.println("Check wiring");

else if(secondsToFirstLocation == 0){

}
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System”, IJITEE, ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-4S2 March.

[2] Chander Partap Singh, Manisha, Pao-Ann Hsiung, (2019), “Automatic Waste
Segregator as an integral part of Smart Bin for waste management system in a
Smart City”, International Conference On Computing, Communication, Control
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[3] Eyhab Al-Masri, Ibrahim Diabate. (2018), “A Serverless IoT Architecture for
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Waste Bin with Integrated Volume and Weight Sensor”, HNICEM, 29 Nov.-1
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Smart Bin for Clean Environment”, International Conference on Communication
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[8] Pooja Devi, Wajge Shubham Ravindra, Sai Prakash S.K.L.V, (2018), “An IoT
enabled Smart Waste Management System in concern with Indian Smart Cities”,
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and
Informatics, ISBN:978-1-5386-3570-4.
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[10]Sam Aleyadeh, Abd-Elhamid M. Taha, (2018), “An IoT-based Architecture for

Waste Management”, ICC Workshops, 20-24 May.

[11]Shashank Mithinti, Aman Kuma, Shivani Bokadia, (2019), “IoT Based Smart
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[12]Shivani Raina, Priya Gupta, Alice Kaw, (2017), “Iot Based Smart Garbage and
Waste Collection Bin”, IJESC Research Article Volume 7 Issue No.5.

[13]Shubham Jain, Aman Jatain, Shalini Bhaskar, “Smart City Management System
using IoT with Deep Learning”, ICCES, IEEE Xplore ISBN: 978-1-7281-1261-
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[14]Vikrant Bhor, Pankaj Morajkar, (2015), “Smart Garbage Management System”,

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN:
2278-0181 Vol. 4 Issue 03, 2015.

[15]Zainal Hisham Che Soh, Mohamad Azeer Al-Hami Husa, (2019), “Smart Waste
Collection Monitoring and Alert System via IoT”, ISCAIE, 27-28 April.