APPENDIX A
‘Broms method for analysis of single piles under lateral loading
‘Te method was preset in tee papers bled in 1964 and 1965 (roms 1964,
"Sth, 965. As sown nthe flowing paragraphs ap canbe designed to atin ¢
Intra loa by solving some simple equa ory refering och and grape
[Ad PILES INCOMESIVE SOIL
‘ALL Una tral oad fr plein coher sil
roms adopted dstbaton of oll esse, a shown i Figure A.) tat ows te
ima ara lado be computed by equations of sac egitim, Te elilaion of
sol resistance forthe top 1.3 dames af he pie is a alt of lowe esas in a
‘ae case a wedge of sil can move up and et when the ie is efee. Te sles
‘in of nine tines be uae tear srengt es the ple amet she ims sl
reste, eparales of det, bated on kates with movement of sail fen th
‘eat toward te bok of the ile
AL). Sho fehead pe ico sll
For shor piles that we urease apis oan, the pte that wee sled fo
Seevior e showa in Figure A2. The following equation eae fom the inert ef
the upper art of he herr ote prin of mr shear (Ie po fy =
zen)
Maz = (ors) 2 a
‘Butte poe where shear is
a
May = ler10+05/) a
latraton ofthe lover prion of he ser dg yes
Pa370 Plunder lar ong
— ‘gee A. Asam dart frescos
Sr tsk
i
Fee A2. Dias of deacon, sl site, se, and moment fr she le in exkese
Mos = 2.256? as
ema be een at
Lae soe) as
[quations A tough A. may be saved othe fod Pg that wl rode soi fare
Aer obtaining 2 value of Pa he maximum monet an be corte atd compared
ihe moment api ofthe ple. An appropriate fcr of xe should be employed
‘Asan example ofthe tse of the equtns assume the flowing
15-305 mm asm 305m OD. see pipe 19m wal),
2 195% 10 we 061 mL 244 mandroms method for enabisof sige ples under lateral loading 371
e791.
ution A2 though A. ae soled simaneousy andthe following quartic eg
too bane
P'41,083P, 67,9000
P= 948N
‘Sthsitng in Equation A.3 yeh aun moment
Moe = 90610150305) O2BA]
Bur9V0305)
oT,
Assuming po aval lan, the mci esis
f= TASS) 65.009
15810"
‘The computed maximum srs is ler fr 8 se pi, epi when itor of|
safe i apie to Pay. Te compuations, ther, sow te shor pe weal al da
stoi lee,
roms presented a convenient tof ues fr sting the prblem ofthe shape
(ee Fig A3), Energie carves with 18 of & and wf 2 one cis aval of Pa,
‘of RN, which ages wid he ress computed sve
AL12 Lang, frosted piles n cohen sll
‘sth pl in cohesive sol with he west! hea becomes longer, file wll out
ihe fomsaton of pls hinge at a depth of 1506 + Equation A can then be
teed icy sole fr te ulna ne ea at cn be applied, The shape of he
le uner load wil be dirt han ht shows In Figure A2 Eu the ears of me
‘his othe upper prion of he pie remain sachanged,
‘A past ge wil develop wht the ied soso te tea i ataned oer the
‘re crosescton Forth ple tats wed inte example, i yield moment 50 AN
‘tie yield srength a tts lee 276 MP
Sutsuatng mo Egution AS
0-1, (os1so4se 24)
P= 22418
Bom presented st of caves fo sage the problem of the ang pile (se Fle. A).
Exering the crs wih va of Mjed? af 3164 one aie 8 val of Pa of dost
Boni
a
aroms method fr onal of gl ple nde ltr loading 373
AL.13 Inyluenc of ple length re-headiles in cohesive sil
Consdtion may need be given the pl lenght wich the ie eases to bea sort
Pile. Teva ofthe yield ment maybe computed fom the ple geomet apd mate
al properties and sed with Esutons A2 Hwaugh AS to soe fer» tea length
‘ong wll by ing: Ora pal solution my tt with ws of these
pile eutons if he resuag momen is lager than the ye momen, he lng
ations ay be
For the example problem, te length which he shr-pile equation east be
‘ali may be fou by subsiing a vase of Pay of 224 HN ino Equation A2 and
solving fo fae ubstting ale of Ny F430 kN no Eaion At and saving
fog Equation AS can then be ove for The valu of Lt fon to be $m Ta,
forthe example roblen the vale of Puy sess fom zr to 2 KN asthe leah oF
he ple increases fom 0.6m to 5m, and ebove a tenth ofS Ste valor of Pay te
rains constant 325 1,
ALAA Short fed aps in caer ot
Fora peta had apis rutin a top, the mode of fire depends one length
ofthe pie Fora shor pe, Tau cass of hora moveret of th pie eg
he si wih the il 0 rsgancedeveepng ovr te engin ofthe ple eer he
‘op ove and anal ie diameters, wheres expesy eliminated A sine equation
‘ein be wen fr thi made flu, base on freee,
Pag =964KE1.55) 0s,
ALLS Imormetate eg feted plein coh il
‘A epleBecones longer, an nermediae length seach sch hata plate hnge 6
‘elo the tp of the pl Rta tthe tp of he ple wl occur an pt of 22
election wil exist samevhee along he eth ofthe il Figure AS presse
‘ams of mechan fr the cst ofthe estaloed pil of innit gh
“The equation for moment eqolibrium fete pom whee te sear 2 here be
postive moments axinun
ux nae n-r00(S)-,
sme
s=n0sieesp-a, wo
exp ae pt
wpa ae
"este in rn he Pa
Inia roe wo1394 Plead lea loading
it
oer coors
eg As Dagan cco lines, fn ere ile
a0)
Eustis A tough A.10 canbe solved forthe teavir ofthe resins pile fin
rei enh
ALG Long feted ples n cohesive soll
‘Themachan ors long ile tht is restine ti tp i slr otha sown in Figure
[AS except hat a plas hinge develops atte poit of he maximum postive moment
‘Toa the A=" in Ezuton A Became Man the fllowng equa ese
2m,
TsO
autions 810 and 11 canbe Sled to bain Pa fre ong ple
A an
ALL Inlence ofp leh ead psn cohesive sll
‘The example problem wil be solved for te ile lengths wher hele goes fo one
moe of ther t nee. Sting wt the shor pl, an eqn canbe writen or
moment equi fr the case whee the ytd moment has developed the op of the
Pileand whee te moment tt atom zero. Refrng to Fee AS, bt with the soit
Fesistanc onl on the rig-hand sie of pl taking Boments about he Beto a he
pile yl the fling etn
ras 8 m0
‘Summing foes inthe orion rection yield the nest equation.
MLL) =0 (ene a 9.6)roms method for nays of single ple snd fateral loading 318
‘The simataeous slo fhe wo eaatons yes the dese expresso.
eCraTS
any
"autons A und A.12 canbe solved simtaneol fo Pyaar fr lows
om Equation A, Pua = 9X47 9O.50SHL 04575,
fom Equi A12, Pua 450105. +0229,
then = 24 ad P= 281 4N,
Fo th determination ofthe length where he behavior chang fom ht af he pile of
internecine lng to tht a Tong pile, Eatatons A dough 410 canbe wel wih
Mau eal Ma flows
E08 A, fg = KES. _—_
Som EO A, a 0 oF
fmt AR ef 362
09
BaperoNORS,
fom Equi A9, L= 0.940305) +g
‘fom EqusionA.10, =A c47930305)
then = 7.27 mand Pa 419
ase, fo th example problem the ale of Pa nests fom 26281 AN as
tte lengih ofthe pl meres fom 046m to 26" ites fom 281 KN 419 LN as
‘he length increases fom 24 1073 mal bone gh of 73 ae of a,
Ins reseraion roms showed a curve in Figue Afr he shot pi tha was
‘sae aginst rina fs top. That cave is med here bene the compan
‘ue sade so realy wit Egan A. Brome eave forthe lng ple at fed
pin rt ats op is reined in Figure Abu a tel add oenoure pope,
eof the cave. Fo he example problem, a value of 415 EN was obaned fi Pay
hich ares wel withthe computed vale No curves a prescted othe ple of
‘ermetin lngh,
AL2 Deflection of plein cohesive sol
Broms suggested that fr cbse sls the assumption of coef of subgrade rese-
‘ion that const wi depth co be used with good res for pectin the lateral
‘ection a te grou. He farther ogget tat he coc of subgrade reacog
‘ould be tear the averse over deh of 0882, ne376 Pls wader aera lading
whee sol ection modus nd: pile sis.
Bros presented euros and ces fr coping the detonate grown.
is resentation follows the provers peed eesere in his tex
‘With egardo values ofthe ection mols, Bros used work ohms and Veic
(0961a, TH6Ib) for selection of values, depending cathe uoconfned compresive
Seng oh sol. The work of Terai (1958) an ther wih eet othe resction
‘mode ve been diesel ine et
Brom suggested hah as of cata forthe ection mad i valid oly Fora
load of nef one hi of he imate aa capt of ple
8
ALS fe of aie of lading on pir cote rot
“Tae vats frenton mods presente by Temaghl ar apparel fe sh ond
ing Terai dnt dae yam oading othe eects of peste lang. Also, be
‘hie Teraghscofcens wer for overonslitd con, the efecto stained
leading would probably be minimal, Bees th atu of he oadlng i 50 nga a
regard to ple response, soe of Brom’ remarks ae peste bere
roms mugged hat th cree inthe deficton ofl de loading de
to comolison can be asimed ob sarees wold tac lace wi ie fer pend
Footings and rats founded onthe youd surface ot same dnc below the ground
surice,Broms sugested th std footings on ti ay indie t the coef
et of subgrade reaction tobe wed fr loagtie Ina deflsion shoul be ake 5
Uw I ofthe nl ection modus. The ve of te coetlent fsbgrade rnc:
‘ion for somal consoled ea shoul be 1/1 16 te inal vl
roms sugges tht epi oa case a rulers te she stent of
‘he sol oct i the mete vii of «pe. He stated tht npied fl
‘ate at epee lounge decree te uit eral ressance ofthe silo sot
‘oneal ntl vale.
AZ PILES IN COESIONLESS SOILS
[ALL Ultimate lateral lado ples in cohesion se
As for the as of case oo faire made were cosee sl ae an =
‘ar of the pile bythe Formation of plastic hinge. With regal lr in ee
oles so Brome essed ht the inate traits alo ee ine the
‘Rankine pasive psu. Thus, aa depths below the oan rte the sil reisance
runt ofleng Pan be bane om he following eqanons,
Pde, am
4, -am'(asst) an)