GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite System

CONCEPT
• Based on civilian satellite (Galileo)
• International civilian control.
• High accuracy:
– Support air traffic.
– Navigation safety standard.
• GNSS could replace all traditional aids.
• Interoperability ( GPS / GLANOSS?)
• Integrity, (continuity), and availability.
• Cost effective.

SCHEDULE
• GPS 1993
• GLONASS 1995
• GNSS1 1998
– GBAS
– ABAS
– SBAS
• GNSS2 2008
– GALILEO

1
GNSS-1
• will be formed from the US GPS and the Russian GLONASS
• combined with one or more augmentation schemes.
• To provide the sole means of navigation or
• even the sole means of radio navigation,
• GNSS must be protected against interference and harmful transmissions.

• GPS.
• GLONASS.

• LAAS/GBAS
– DGPS
– EUROFIX.
– SPS
• SBAS
– WAAS
– MTSAT
– EGNOS
• ABAS

• GBAS:
– Local area differential systems.
– Which augment GPS/GLONASS and
– Broadcast augmentation message directly to.
– The user from ground stations.
• SBAS:
– Wide area differential systems.
– Which augment GPS/GLONASS by means of
– Complement Geo satellites.
• ABAS:
– The GPS/GLONASS augmentation mode
– Directly from aircraft based equipments.

2
 GNSS-2
• work on a non-military satellites.
• a continuation of GPS, GLONASS and EGNOS,
• Galileo
– 21 or more medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites
– plus three geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites
– international co-operation,
– Galileo and GPS will be interoperable and compatible.

Comparison of GNSS systems

HDOP 95% values

5 min. interval for 2005, elevation cutoff: 10°, 10° E VDOP 95% values
3 5 min. interval for 2005, elevation cutoff: 10°, 10° E
8
Navigation system:
Navigation system:
GLONASS
GLONASS
GPS
GPS
GALILEO
GALILEO
GPS/GLONASS
GPS/GLONASS
GPS/GALILEO
6 GPS/GALILEO
GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO
GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO
2
HDOP

VDOP

0 0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Latitude (°) Latitude (°)

3
GNSS availability
• Today
– ca 30 GPS satellites
– ca 12 GLONASS satellites
• In 5+ years, if we are lucky
– ca 30 GPS satellites
– ca 24 GLONASS satellites
– ca 30 GALILEO satellites

4
Allocations for GNSS and mobile Satellite Communications before 1992

5
 GLONASS / GPS Comparison

(*)Is planned be shifted, first to 1602.0 - 1609.31 Mhz (finished by 2005) and then to
1598.06 - 1605.38 MHz beyond 2005.

6
APPLICATION
• Maritime 1%
• Civil aviation <1%
• Railways <1%
• Others 21%
• Ground transport 77%

• Others:
– Rescue & research.
– Precision farming.
– Offshore industry.
– Timing.
– Leisure.
• Transport:
– Guidance.
– Traffic management.
– Emergency.
– Theft protection.
– Road tolling.