Let´s review a bit

Single, double and triple covalent bonding.

Covalent molecules video

 Which bond is stronger? Ionic or covalent?
Simple covalent compounds usually have low
melting points.

This can be attributed to their weak attractive forces between

the various bonded atoms.

Ionic compounds, “ions present” have strong

attractive forces between them, so they have
high melting and boiling points.

The melting and boiling points

An exception to this include molecules of silica and diamonds of ionic compounds are greater
that have a high melting point due to the strong attractive than covalent compounds.
forces between the bonded atoms and their giant structures.
 SOLUBILITY

MOST ionic compounds dissolve in water. Covalent compounds ARE NOT soluble in water.
Giant covalent structures
Video: and
While you watch the video. - write down the information required
to complete the table shown in the next slide.
Copy this table to your copybook.

Giant covalent structures:

Diamond and graphite
Copy this table in Carbon giant structures
your exercise book
Property Diamond Graphite

How are carbon atoms

bonded?

Hardness?

Conductivity?

Why does it have the above

properties?

Uses As a cutting tool As a lubricant and a

conductor
 In diamond there is strong bonding.
Every carbon atom is strongly bonded to other 4
carbon atoms.

In graphite, there are layers where carbon atoms are ONLY

bonded to 3 other atoms.
SO: between the layers there is weak attractive forces. The
lose electrons allows it to conduct electricity.
Hand made - graphite structure

What polygon shape does the

arrangement of graphite have?
Graphite: atoms arrangement

How are atoms in graphite organised?

How are the forces between the layers of

atoms?

What is delocalized between these layers?

Hand made - Diamond structure

To how many carbon atoms is each atom bonded?

Are there any free electrons left in the bonding?

One more gia nt: Silicon dioxide
Silicon dioxide is the main component of glass.

Giant structures are also known

as macromolecular structures.
How many
oxygens bond to a In the next slide we will compare
silicon atom? and contrast Silicon dioxide and
diamond. Although they look
How many quite similar in arrangement of
silicons bond to atoms, we can still write some
an oxygen atom? differences in structure.
Compare Silicon dioxide and Diamond structure
Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Covered today
The structure shown below is diamond.

Continues next slide ...

Continues next slide...