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BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING :ELECTRICAL POWER

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING :ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
ANALOGUE ELECTRONICS DESIGN 225 (AED 621S)
EXAMINATION 1, OPPORTUNITY 1 MEMORANDUM
THURSDAY,18TH OCTOBER 2018

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Read the questions carefully.
2. Answer all questions.
3. Write in ink.
4. Clearly mark your answers.
5. Calculators are allowed.
6. Approximate all answers to the second significant decimal.
7. Examination conditions are applicable at all times.
8. Write your name on first page and student number on every page.

Total Marks: [50]

Duration: 120 minutes

Examiner: Mr S. Dipura
Moderator: Prof. Z. Oyedokun

Question 1. [15]
Consider the network shown below. Using the complete hybrid equivalent model, determine:

1
Given the values:
hfe = 110
hie =1.6 kΩ
hre = 2x 10-4
hoe = 20 µA/V

;;;;;;;;

1.1 Zi. (3)

Vi h h R
Zi   hie - fe re L
Ii 1 +h oe R L
(110)(2x10-4 )
= 1.6 kΩ -
1+(20 μS)(4.7 kΩ)
 1.51 kΩ ✔✔✔

1.2 Zi’. (2)

2
 Zi '= 470 kΩ//1.51 kΩ
= 1.51 kΩ ✔✔

1.3. Av (3)

Vo -h fe R L
Av = =
Vi h ie + (h ie h oe -h fe h re )R L
-(110)(4.7 kΩ)
=
1.6 kΩ +  (1.6 kΩ)(20 μS)-(110)(2x10-4)  4.7 kΩ
=-313.9 ✔✔✔

1.4. Ai (3)
Io h fe
Ai = =
Ii 1 + h oe R L

110
=
1 +(20 μS)(4.7 kΩ)

=100.55 ✔✔✔

1.5. Zo’ including Rc (4)

.
Vo 1
Zo = =
Io h - h fe h re
oe
h ie + R s

1
=
(110)(2x10-4 )
20 μS -
(1.6 kΩ +1 kΩ)

=86.66 kΩ

Zo ' =R c //Zo = 4.7 kΩ //86.66 kΩ

=4.46 kΩ

✔✔✔✔

3
Question 2. [20]

Consider the circuit shown below.

2.1. Sketch the original circuit. (6)

✔✔✔✔✔✔
2.2. Show with sufficient steps that: (14)

Io Z
Ai    Av i
Ii Rc
Av :
R '  ro // RF 2 // R2
and Vo  -  IbR '
Vi
But I b 
 re

 Vi
andVo  R'
 re
V  r // RF 2 // RC
so that Av  o  o
Vi re
For ro  10 RC
Vo R // RC
Av   F2
Vi re
✔✔✔✔✔✔✔

4
Ai :
For the input side :
RF1 I RF1
Ib  or b 
RF1   re Ii RF1   re

For the output side :

U sin g R '  ro // RF2 :
R '  Ib I R'
Io  or o 
R ' RC Ib R ' RC
Io I I R' RF1
Current gain  Ai   o . b  .
Ii Ib Ii R ' RC RF1   re
Io  RF1 R '
and Ai  
Ii ( RF1   re)( R ' RC )
Since RF1 is usually much l arg er than  re, RF1   re  RF1
Io  RF1 (ro // RF2 )
and Ai  
Ii RF1 (ro // RF2  RC )
So that :
I 
Ai  o 
Ii RC
1
ro // RF2
Io Z
Ai   - Av i
Ii RC
✔✔✔✔✔✔✔

5
Question 3. [11]
Given the circuit and the parameters shown below:

3.1. Draw the ac equivalent model (2)

✔✔

3.2 The fixed-bias configuration below has an operating point defined by V GSQ =-2 V and IDQ = 5.625 mA,
with IDSS = 10 mA and VP = -8 V. The value of yos is provided as 40 µS.

6
3.2.1. Determine gm. (3)
IDSS 2(10 mA)
g m0 = 2   2.5 mS
Vp 8V
 1  VGSQ    -2 V  
g m = g m0    2.5 mS 1-     1.88 mS
 Vp    - 8 V  ✔✔✔

3.2.2.. Find rd. (1)

1 1
rd = = µS = 25 kΩ
y os 40
✔

3.2.3. Determine Zi. (1)

7
 Zi = R G = 1 MΩ
✔
3.2.4. Calculate Zo. (2)
Zo  R D // rd = 2 kΩ //25 kΩ = 1.85 kΩ
✔✔

3.2.5.. Determine the voltage gain Av. (2)

A v = -g m R D //rd  -(1.88 mS)(1.85 k Ω) = -3.48
✔✔

Question 4. [4]
The waveform below is obtained in the laboratory using an oscilloscope.

4.1. Explain the findings and determine if there is a problem or not. (4)
Malfunction in the emitter area. ✔
An ac response across the emitter is unexpected, and the gain of the system as revealed by vo is much lower.
✔Since for this configuration that the gain is much greater if RE is bypassed. The response obtained suggests that
RE is not bypassed by the capacitor and the terminal connections of the capacitor and the capacitor itself should be
checked. ✔✔