AMA-NITA Mon Amour - How The Magic Mushroom Got Its Name - Graham Hancock Official Website

2021-06-23 AMA-NITA Mon Amour: How The Magic Mushroom Got Its Name - Graham Hancock Official Website
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AMA-NITA Mon Amour: How The Magic Mushroom Got
Its Name
by Madeleine Daines
Author links: madeleinedaines.com
Published 10th October 2020 | Articles
'Amanita muscaria Marriott Falls', by JJ Harrison (CCBYSA3.0

(CCBYSA3.0))
THE STORY OF SUKURRU

Sumerian symbols and their true meaning
AMAZO N
Amazon.com Amazon.co.uk CA JP DE ES FR IT
OTHER
B&N
https://grahamhancock.com/dainesm5/ 1/19
BEFORE BABEL
The Crystal Tongue
AMAZO N
Amazon.com Amazon.co.uk CA JP DE ES FR IT
OTHER
B&N
Syllables A-MA-NI-TA, trip quite pleasingly off the tongue. Most people are
aware of the name, that of the mushroom with extraordinary psychedelic
properties. With its distinctive red and white cap, the amanita mushroom
has long epitomised the winter solstice season. Plastic versions hang on
Christmas trees, and its colourful image appears in Christmas card scenes.
But it was more than a brightly coloured image that brought about the
association of amanita and Christmas. The marriage of the mushroom and
the winter solstice celebration is said to go way back to pre-Christian pagan
times.
Out of pure curiosity, we might look up the origin of the name and discover,
without being much the wiser, that amanita was first coined by the Ancient
Greeks: amanitai, a plural with the meaning ‘a kind of fungus’. The Greeks
coined many of their words, almost all of them, in fact. Either that or they
inherited them from somewhere yet unknown; not given as ‘unknown’ in
etymological dictionaries but often as sourced from PIE, proto-Indo-
European. In other words, no precise origin is known. And PIE is no more
helpful in explaining how the name came into being and what it originally
signified. A few rare exceptions to the obscure PIE designation are deemed
to come from recognised sources; Osiris and the ibis, bird of Thoth, for
example, said to be directly from the Egyptians, but these are unusual, and
the Greek names struggle to correspond to the Egyptian sounds.
Leaving Osiris and Thoth to one side for another day, I propose a hitherto
undocumented source not only for Greek amanita but also for that other
well-known gift of nature: cannabis. At the same time, a glimpse into the
original reasoning behind those names. And yes, they are Sumerian, and
they are found on clay tablets discovered in the region of modern-day Iraq.
Why is it only now that this information comes to light? It is my contention

that the most dangerously informative of the Mesopotamian tablets were
deliberately destroyed or hidden from sight somewhere along the way

because they represented a threat to religious dogma. To stifle Gnostic
teachings, to put an end to all real knowledge of the pagan culture in
existence in pre- and early Christian times, to hide the true significance of
the seasonal celebrations in existence long before the Jesus myth as we
know it, two parallel methods: destruction of the writing accompanied by
obfuscation of the teachings. Burn the books and distort the information
provided to future generations, a tried and tested combination. Fortunately,
clay is a relatively durable material and, buried beneath the sand, the
writing on it can and did survive for thousands of years. Then the advent of
the computer brought that hidden knowledge back into the public domain.
What was it that someone was once so keen to hide? What secrets might a
closer look at Sumerian expose?
Each discovery pulls in a new direction and leads to ever more intriguing
paths. One of them – buried for too many years in the quasi-nonsensical
translation of the earliest known literary text titled The Instructions of
Shuruppak (1) – concerns the use of mind-altering substances. Given the
age of that text, the matter should be of interest to quite a few. The lines in
question, 55 to 59, re-translated in The Story of Sukurru, include repetitive
phrases conferring an air of litany, an incantation not found elsewhere in
the 280 lines of text:
55. The native straw-turner establishes a fire
fire
And on the spirit of the ark his cloud imposes.

56. In the place sits the cannabis man whirling smoke on high.
57. Leader of the people, leader of the people.
people.
Spirit between the eyes,
eyes,
The Brewer smokes on high.

58. A sickly reed into a tree will grow,
grow,
Its mouth near milk spreads smoke on high for the Lord.
59. Cream of the ocean, cream of the ocean,
ocean,
Spirit between the eyes,
eyes,
And the Brewer’s smoke.

There is a lot to be said about the symbols that make up those five lines of
text. They were translated using the unorthodox monosyllabic method
where each sign possesses inherent meaning, adapted according to the
context but, for the most part, without straying far from accepted Sumerian
lexicon definitions. While the earliest tablet containing The Story of Sukurru
is dated to ca.2600-2500 BC, at a time when the symbols were becoming

increasingly abstract, a study of 4th millennium pictograms from which they
were sourced brings to the fore the existence of more than one layer of
meaning and more than one riddle hidden in the text. A combination of
known meanings, images and context lead to a completely new take on this
and other sections of the earliest known literary text.
Beer and Reed
For example, BI, shown above on a tablet (2) from ca.3350-3200 BC, is the
accepted symbol for ‘beer’ (and the source of our word for it) but the
original name implies more than a straightforward alcoholic brew. My
Brewer might equally have been written ‘alchemist’ and the shamanic
nature of the scene made more explicit. BI/BE, more than just ‘beer’, is
concerned with life and regeneration through the process of fermentation.
It is symbolic of the first-fruit grain festivals (3) and source of Greek bios,
‘life’.
The Sumerian writings give a new perspective on the stories and figures of
both Old and New Testaments. A good example of that is GI/GE, the reed
reaching upwards and becoming a tree in line 58, evoking a Bible verse
which is surely describing a more intense experience than a mere dream:
The tree grew large and strong and its top touched the sky; it was
visible to the ends of the earth. Its foliage was beautiful and its
fruit abundant, And in it was food for all. The beasts of the field
found shade under it, And the birds of the sky dwelt in its
branches, And all living creatures fed themselves from it. I was
looking in the visions in my mind as I lay on my bed, and behold,
an angelic watcher, a holy one, descended from heaven.… Daniel
4:11.
GE, the reed, becomes GEŠ, the tree, and the tree is everywhere in
Sumerian, arguably the most important symbol of them all. It has a limited
array of phonetic possibilities with closely similar sounds: Gish, Gesh, Giz,
Jis, Jez, etc. It appears in the opening lines of The Story of Sukurru as the
‘Tree of Consciousness and Knowledge’ and provides a pivotal clue to the
Solstice Riddle (4) which, by the way, has not yet ceded all of its secrets.
The translation ‘cannabis’ on line 56 is found in a combination of three

symbols, KA-NA-AB, which led directly to Persian ‘Kanab’, in turn, an
accepted etymological source. There are several ways in which to
understand the collocated symbols:
NA, the stone, also appears in the humorous version of the weighing of the
heart for truth, an Egyptian ritual attributed to Osiris. It appears in that
context on line 40, played off against the Feather of Truth, with an unfair
advantage. With that in mind, it is possible to interpret the phrase as ‘the
weight of the Father’s words’, and the use of cannabis as a method of
becoming aware of them. NA-AB implies the presence of a stone shrine,
while KA-NA might give ‘words on stone’. It also offers up the ultimate
etymological source of Greek Kanna, the reed.
The Alchemist’s Crucible

The individual meanings given in the breakdown of KA-NA-AB all appear in
conventional Sumerian lexicons. However, the fact that KA-NA is found
opposite KAN/GAN in the lexical lists provides additional information. This
is the alchemist’s crucible, the womb and the Milky Way. Sumerian lexicons
give it as ‘child-bearing’ while the image can be seen as a pot on its stand
with crisscrossing indicating that it is full:
KAN/GAN appears with AL on a tablet (5) from the Uruk IV archaeological

period, ca.3350-3200 BC. The two together represent the alchemist’s
crucible and the bellows used to make the fire burn fiercely, an unorthodox
conclusion based largely – but not entirely – on the image. These are surely
the oldest references to alchemy and should bring to mind Hermes
Trismegistus whose name was cited by practitioners with extreme
reverence throughout history up until the 17th century. KAN-AB, crucible of
the Father (6).
Beautifully executed, these pictograms provide essential visual information

about the intentions of the scribe or scribes who created the Sumerian
language. Later abstract cuneiform could not fully convey the depth of
meaning provided by such images, leading to the conclusion that certain
phrases might well be considerably older than the tablets on which they
were found written. Another symbol, phonetic KAN₂, carries the meaning
‘gate’.
Milk and Cloud
Modern-day perception of cannabis use sees it rolled into a joint and

passed around. Ancient methods of inhalation are shown to have been less
individualistic and carried out within more ordered rituals. I discovered the
following image in Chris Bennet’s article titled Biblical Cannabis (7) in which
he discusses the discovery of traces of cannabis and frankincense on an
ancient altar in modern-day Israel:
(PD0
PD0))
GA (of GAN from GA-AN) has the given meanings ‘milk’ and ‘cream’. It
appears with the reed and the tree on line 58 of The Story of Sukurru. GA
refers both to the cosmic Mother’s nurturing milk and, in context, to a more
literal cloud of white smoke, becoming a metaphorical meeting of above
and below. My interpretation is that, in this case, it also refers to the canopy
of the tree mentioned by biblical Daniel and that Sumerian GA, the milk and
the cream, is the original symbol of Gaia, one epithet of Mother Earth. At
the same time, appearing twice in line 59, it is the white foam of the ocean
waves, creating the ‘cream of the ocean’, as the waters are churned. The
existence of a connection to the Hindu ‘churning of the ocean of milk’ is too
obvious to be ignored.
The All-Seeing Eye

The ‘spirit between the eyes’ found on lines 57 and 59 was the other leading
clue to the overall meaning of this section. It is, of course, a reference to the
third eye, the pineal gland, and the translation was literal: the spirit symbol
placed between two symbols of the eye. The spirit symbol takes the form of
a capital T read as phonetic ME, which I also translate to ‘magic’. That is not
a matter of opinion. Sumerian lexicons concede that there is a ‘magician’ or
‘sorcerer’ in symbol ME. It appears as part of the threefold collocation three
times in all in The Story of Sukurru – twice in this section. The original trio
would have been visually similar to the form of a nose and eyebrows (the T
shape) between two eyes. Below is my rendering of the way they would
once have appeared together:
I looked long and hard for an early example of the Sumerian ‘eye’. It turns
up numerous times in the transliteration of The Story of Sukurru, but I
could not find an original version dated to before 2900 BC, i.e. a truly
pictographic form. Was there really no use for an ‘eye’ alongside the many
pictograms that appear on 4th millennium tablets? Or did the Sumerian eye
have such great significance that its earliest appearances were hunted
down and successfully forced out of public view? I turned to the drawing in
L’Ecriture Cunéiforme (8). It is an unusual representation of an eye, perhaps
the result of a choice made by the original scribe, seeking to infuse the
written word with a spiritual aspect, the ocular globe looking upward to the
sky, but still… easy to see that this symbol is more reminiscent of a
mushroom than a human eye. The vertical ‘stalk’ might give the clue to that
enigma. Also interesting to note is that the Egyptian eye sports a similar
vertical line. This one on a plaque in the Louvre Museum:
Photo Credit: Ian Faure
More trawling through the tablets displayed on the CDLI site led to a
discovery which, in my view, goes a long way to confirming the existence of
a Sumerian mushroom pictogram and, from there, potentially to an ancient
synonymity between ‘eye’ and ‘mushroom’. Given as a version of SAG, the
‘head’ (see NISAG in note 3), it appears next to symbol EDEN on two tablets
th
(9), both from the 4 millennium. Here is one of them:
A comparison with numerous pictograms of SAG, the head, from around

the same early period reveals a considerable difference between the two:
A comparison to Sumerian ŠI, the eye, copied from L’Ecriture Cunéiforme,

strongly suggests that the symbol on the left belongs to the same category.
The Magic Mushroom

Was the disembodied combination of forehead, nose and lips shown in this
bizarre detail on an Akkadian seal impression the original form that led to
ŠI-ME-ŠI?
Cannabis and the third eye are both quite clearly referenced in the
Sumerian text, but I have to admit that the mushroom is not found there in
such an obvious guise. On the understanding that the Greek language is at
least partially sourced here, a straightforward division of ‘amanita’ throws
up the two symbols AMA, ‘mother’, and NITA, ‘male’:
Both of them appear on more than one occasion in The Story of Sukurru,
but not together and not in such an easily definable context. That does not
mean that they never did.
AMA
AMA is a combination of MAL, the basket which is also a cosmic sailing
vessel, enclosing AN, eight-pointed symbol of the sky. AMA appears in all its
pictographic splendour on a number of tablets during the 4th millennium
BC. Seen here next to another rendering of GAN, the crucible (10):
AMA has the given meanings ‘Mother’ and ‘wide’ as attested in orthodox
Sumerian lexicons. This is the source of Latin amare with the meaning
‘love’. AMA is the Great Cosmic Mother who is the container of the sky. How
could she be anything other than pure love? The magnificent Egyptian
Hathor at Dendera whose wide body also contains all the elements of the
sky flowing along on their boats, was surely a manifestation of the same
theme.
NITA
NITA, seen here on a tablet (11) from the 4th millennium is simply another
phonetic form of symbol UŠ which, as some will have noticed, I have
already proposed as a source symbol of Greek Osiris. UŠ has given
meanings which include ‘penis’, ‘male’, ‘side’, ‘path’ and ‘to lean’. It is the
source of the Greek suffix ‘us’ used for male names. Symbol UŠ₂ with the
meaning ‘die’, appears in line 40 of The Story of Sukurru which refers to the
weighing of the heart at the time of death, a ritual associated with Egypt
and Osiris.
Mother and Child

The number of ‘coincidences’ between monosyllabic Sumerian and Greek
words is too great to be ignored, and the existence of both AMA and NITA
can be added to that list. However, without finding the mother and the male
(child) together on a clay tablet, that assertion would understandably be
met with little enthusiasm. Fortunately, and, in my view, unsurprisingly,
there is just one entry on just one ancient lexical list serving to prove that
these two symbols were knowingly collocated at some point. The ePSD site
(12) shows it as:
ama-nita (Proto-Lu 325a)
The entry appears on a tablet from the Old Babylonian period, ca.1900-1600
BC, found at Nippur. How probable is it that those four syllables A-MA-NI-TA
found together as AMA-NITA be totally unrelated to later Greek amanitai,

the mind-altering fungi of unknown original source? Perhaps there is a
statistician somewhere who can do the calculation. I would be interested in
the result and, in the meantime, will add the following image into the mix.
In my view, it should tip the balance even further in favour of the Feather of
Truth:
Thanks to the Sumerian meanings and explanations given above, the scene
on this Mesopotamian seal (13) might be decrypted using referenced
linguistic sources. AMA, the cosmic Mother, seated on her tree-trunk throne,
holds NITA, a childlike figure who appears to have a cord sticking up from
his head or perhaps a ponytail. He is not seated on her lap but appears to
float or is being held out to the figures on the left. Whichever it is, this is
not mundane mother and child interaction, not a scene of ordinary
comforting and nurturing. His head is turned towards her, and he looks into
her eyes, an indication of confidence and/or questioning. Meanwhile, his
body faces the other ‘brewer’ figures and, most importantly, his hand is
held out to receive their potion. This is one possible interpretation of the
scene, and my imaginary caption would read, “Go ahead. Take it. Have no
fear.” But of course, I could be wrong.
The scene also calls to mind the drawing of a mushroom found on one of
the two tablets from the Uruk III period, ca.3200-3000 BC and mentioned
here above (9). This one is collocated on one side with EDEN, source
symbol of the biblical garden of Eden, and on the other with an unidentified
symbol pretty much identical to the three vessels on display in the above
seal. Unfortunately, there is no photo of the original tablet on CDLI:
Abundance of Oils
According to the ancient lexical lists, phonetic NITA stems from a
combination of two symbols: NI, seen here on a 4th millennium tablet (14),
with TA:
NI has the given meaning ‘oil’, and I have also identified it as ‘abundance’ in
the context of fertility and harvesting. It is a central element of the Solstice
Riddle (4) which begins on line 223 of The Story of Sukurru. NI appears
there three times in sixth position over three consecutive lines. There was
nothing haphazard about the positioning.
While the duo AMA-NITA appear as such only once, the three signs that give
AMA-NI-TA appear together on at least three tablets from the Old
Babylonian period. There are also two known examples of the four-symbol
phrase AMA-A-NI-TA, so more than one case where ‘amanita’ would have
been an acceptable pronunciation. Add into the mix that AMA-NI appear
together numerous times over various archaeological periods, some with
symbol A between them:
In this case, the central A between ‘mother’ and ‘oil’ indicates flow. Perhaps
an abundant flow of love would be an apt interpretation where no other
defining context is available. But it could signify a flow of oil, perhaps the
type of mind-altering oil allowing a voyage in the basket of the sky. Of
course, AMA might also be read as a cosmic vessel in the manner of
Zechariah Sitchin’s understanding of the early Sumerian culture. As an
aside, it is my contention that symbols A-NI were the source of Latin
animus and anima, leading to ‘animate’, ‘give life to’ amongst others. It
would be a mistake to rule anything out without a full investigation.
Unfortunately, Sitchin did not give precise references to back up his
assertions.
Symbol TA of NI-TA is both ‘death’ and ‘question’: the question that is posed
at the moment of death, the question of life and death, the questioning of
the oil when found with NI and in the context of divination, of prophecy…
TA as the ‘questioning at death’ is, I would say, relevant to the role of
Egyptian Osiris, to the shamanic use of psychedelics, and to the sun’s
apparent hesitation at the winter solstice.
There Is Always More

This is how the relevant signs in the lexical list are reproduced on the Oracc
website (15) from the numerous tablet fragments. I have added
translations:
ama gal (OB Nippur Lu: 325) Great Mother
ama nita (OB Nippur Lu: 325a) Mother and Male (Son)
ama munus (OB Nippur Lu: 325b) Mother and Female (Daughter)
ama ibila (OB Nippur Lu: 326) Mother and Heir
Here is my interpretation of how that section of list might have appeared in

Sumerian pictographic symbols of the 4th millennium BC:
The ‘heir’, given as Akkadian ‘ibila’ in the transliteration of the Proto-Lu

tablet, is sourced from two symbols: TUR-UŠ, the male child. TUR, which
has the given meanings ‘child’ and ‘to nurture’, appears in the Solstice
Riddle (4) as does SAL. Briefly, the pictographic forms of TUR vary
somewhat but basically appear to represent the mother’s breasts, hence
the meaning. However, looking long and hard at this version, it seems to
me to have an air of the torcs worn and carried by the levitating figure in
this scene from the Danish Gundestrop Cauldron (16). There is always
more…
‘Gundestrupkedlen’, by Nationalmuseet, Roberto Fortuna og Kira Ursem (CCBYSA3.0

(CCBYSA3.0))
Footnote
When Terence McKenna discussed John Marco Allegro’s 1970s book The
Sacred Mushroom and the Cross, he pointed out that Allegro was a scholar
of Aramaic and that he had studied the Dead Sea scrolls. To my knowledge,
McKenna did not say that Allegro was a scholar of Sumerian – not the same
thing at all. He knew Greek and Hebrew. The philological claims made in
that book, supposedly based in Sumerian, were said to be the primary
reason for his paradigm-changing theory about the origins of Christianity
being so roundly rejected by his academic peers.
Unfortunately for all, Allegro misunderstood the old clay tablets and their
message; shoehorning elements of the one language that he obviously did
not master into a pre-existing theory – seeing Sumerian mushrooms all
over the place so to speak. Did the distinguished linguist realise that, in the
process, he was potentially re-burying (discrediting) a fundamentally
important gift from our ancient past? I can’t imagine that he did. He had
sussed the importance of the Sumerian language as the foundation of later
texts but did not have in hand the necessary tools of analysis to prove it. In
a pre-computerised world, how could he have known? His basic premise
was not wrong. John Marco Allegro was the first to point out that Sumerian
was the source for Greek – but in at least one of the examples in his book,
he made the mistake of placing Hebrew, a language that he did know, in
between them. He also correctly identified the original scribes as ‘word-
spinners’ but, based on his perception of them after studying biblical
writings, considered that to be only through their extensive use of the
‘trivial literary device’ of punning, as he put it. In truth, the ancient Sumerian
riddles go way deeper than that. Sadly, Allegro took the right subject matter
down the wrong garden path.
References
1. The Instructions of Shuruppak on ETCSL under ref.5.6.01.
http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=all#
The errors in that translation were explained in my article:
https://grahamhancock.com/dainesm4/
2. The Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI) detail from ref. P000744.
3. Sumerian NISAG, first fruit offering, appears in the context of a riddle on

line 14 of The Story of Sukurru. This is the source of Hebrew Nisan. It
appears as NI-SAG, ‘oil’ and ‘head’, in the lexical lists. Symbol SAG also
carries the phonetic value SAN.
4. The discovery of the Solstice Riddle was documented in February 2020 on

Graham’s site: http://grahamhancock.com/phorum/read.php?8,1225004
5. CDLI detail from ref. P002178,
6. Mircea Eliade’s The Forge and the Crucible (Flammarion) gives an in-
depth explanation of the importance of the ancient crucible.
7. Chris Bennett, Biblical Cannabis https://grahamhancock.com/bennettc2/
8. Lucien-Jean Bord and Remo Mugnaioni, L’Ecriture Cunéiforme (Geuthner

Manuels 2002).
9. CDLI ref. P000523 and P471688. On both tablets, the mushroom form
referenced as SAG@n appears next to EDEN, source of biblical Eden. The
vessel on P471688 is given as ZATU707 indicating that the phonetic value

and meaning are unknown. https://cdli.ucla.edu/
10. CDLI detail from ref. P001757, Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin.
12. The Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (ePSD) now

incorporated into Oracc. See 15.
13. This is a drawing of the Sumerian seal claimed by Zechariah Sitchin to

represent the creation of Adam. His imagined caption reads ‘My hands have
made it’. At least we can agree on the place being Eden.
15. The Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc).
http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/
16. Cernunnos, the horned god, appears on the Gundestrop Cauldron,

National Museum of Denmark.
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2021-06-23 AMA-NITA Mon Amour: How The Magic Mushroom Got Its Name - Graham Hancock Official Website

Published 10th October 2020 | Articles

'Amanita muscaria Marriott Falls', by JJ Harrison (CCBYSA3.0

THE STORY OF SUKURRU

Why is it only now that this information comes to light? It is my contention

deliberately destroyed or hidden from sight somewhere along the way

55. The native straw-turner establishes a fire

And on the spirit of the ark his cloud imposes.

Spirit between the eyes,

The Brewer smokes on high.

Spirit between the eyes,

And the Brewer’s smoke.

is dated to ca.2600-2500 BC, at a time when the symbols were becoming

Beer and Reed

The translation ‘cannabis’ on line 56 is found in a combination of three

The Alchemist’s Crucible

KAN/GAN appears with AL on a tablet (5) from the Uruk IV archaeological

Beautifully executed, these pictograms provide essential visual information

Milk and Cloud

Modern-day perception of cannabis use sees it rolled into a joint and

The All-Seeing Eye

Photo Credit: Ian Faure

A comparison with numerous pictograms of SAG, the head, from around

A comparison to Sumerian ŠI, the eye, copied from L’Ecriture Cunéiforme,

The Magic Mushroom

Mother and Child

ama-nita (Proto-Lu 325a)

found together as AMA-NITA be totally unrelated to later Greek amanitai,

There Is Always More

ama gal (OB Nippur Lu: 325) Great Mother

ama ibila (OB Nippur Lu: 326) Mother and Heir

Here is my interpretation of how that section of list might have appeared in

The ‘heir’, given as Akkadian ‘ibila’ in the transliteration of the Proto-Lu

‘Gundestrupkedlen’, by Nationalmuseet, Roberto Fortuna og Kira Ursem (CCBYSA3.0

The errors in that translation were explained in my article:

3. Sumerian NISAG, first fruit offering, appears in the context of a riddle on

4. The discovery of the Solstice Riddle was documented in February 2020 on

5. CDLI detail from ref. P002178,

7. Chris Bennett, Biblical Cannabis https://grahamhancock.com/bennettc2/

8. Lucien-Jean Bord and Remo Mugnaioni, L’Ecriture Cunéiforme (Geuthner

vessel on P471688 is given as ZATU707 indicating that the phonetic value

10. CDLI detail from ref. P001757, Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin.

11. CDLI detail from ref. P001261, Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin.

12. The Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (ePSD) now

13. This is a drawing of the Sumerian seal claimed by Zechariah Sitchin to

14. CDLI detail from ref. P001136, Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin.

15. The Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc).

16. Cernunnos, the horned god, appears on the Gundestrop Cauldron,

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