EFFECTOFACI

DRAI
NONLI
MESTONEROCK

Abst
ract
:-

Myai
mint
hissci
ent
if
ici
nvest
igat
ioni
stoseehowconcent
rat
esofv
inegarmi
xedwi
thwat
er

ef
fectt
hewei
ghtofl
i
mest
one(CaC03-Cal
cium car
bonat
ei.
e.chal
k,mar
ble)ov
eraper
iodof

t
ime.Wewi
l
llookatt
hechangeanddecr
easei
nthewei
ght
,ov
ert
het
imeof5mi
nut
es.

I
ntr
oduct
ion:
-

Thi
sexper
imenti
sbasedonaci
drai
n,butwhati
saci
drai
n?I
tisabr
oadt
ermr
efer
ri
ngt
omor
e

t
hannat
ural
amountofsul
fur
icaci
dandni
tr
icoxi
de.Aci
drai
nisr
efer
ri
ngt
orai
nwi
thapH4or

l
ower
.Nat
ural
causesar
eli
ght
ningst
ri
kes,
vol
canoer
upt
ionsandal
sodeadanddecay
ingf
oods.

Howev
er,
themai
nef
fecti
sman-
made,
bur
ningoft
hecoal
;thi
slet
sofsul
fur
icoxi
des,
theot
her

onei
scar
s,t
ruckset
c…;
theyl
etni
tr
icaci
dint
otheat
mospher
e.Howev
er,
wewi
l
lbe

subst
it
uti
ngt
hiswi
thv
inegar
.

Thet
echni
cal
wayi
taf
fect
sthel
i
mest
onei
stheneut
ral
i
zingr
eact
ion(
becausev
inegari
saci
d

andl
i
mest
onei
sal
kal
i
)ist
heCaC03(Cal
cium Car
bonat
e)r
eact
ingwi
thH2S04(
Sul
fur
icaci
d)=

CaSO4(Gy
psum)+H2CO3(Car
boni
caci
d)r
esul
tsi
npr
oduct
ionofCO2gas.Andt
hiswhol
e

neut
ral
i
zat
ionr
eact
ionr
esul
tsi
nthel
i
mest
onedi
ssol
vi
ngandcr
umbl
i
ng.Thi
sreact
ioncanbe

mi
mickedbyusi
ngv
inegaroneggshel
l
s.Li
mest
onewi
l
lneut
ral
i
zest
rongaci
ds,
atl
eastpar
ti
all
y.

Howev
er,
inr
eal
-l
if
eappl
i
cat
ionl
i
mest
onecannotbedependsont
oneut
ral
i
zeaci
dicpol
l
uted

wat
erbecauset
heychi
psar
ever
yeasi
l
y
When,
sul
fur
ic,
andni
tr
icaci
dsr
eactwi
tht
hecal
cit
eli
mest
one,
thecal
cit
emel
ts.I
texposed

ar
easofbui
l
dingsandst
atues,
thi
sresul
tinr
oughenedsur
faces,
lessofmat
eri
al,
andl
ossof

car
veddet
ail
s.Thi
sbl
ackcr
usti
smai
nly
madeofgy
psum,
ami
ner
alt
hatf
ormsf
rom t
he

r
eact
ionbet
weencal
cium car
bonat
eandt
hesul
fur
icaci
d.I
tremai
nsonsur
facest
hatar
e

pr
otect
edf
rom t
her
ain.Gy
psum i
swhi
te,
butt
hecr
yst
alsf
orm net
wor
kst
hatt
rappar
ti
clesof

di
rtandpol
l
utant
s,sot
hecr
ustl
ooksbl
ack.Ev
ent
ual
l
ythebl
ackcr
ustpeel
sof
f,l
eav
ing

cr
umbl
i
ngst
one.

Resear
chQuest
ion:
-

Howdi
ff
erentconcent
rat
ionsofv
inegarmi
xedwi
thwat
eref
fectt
hewei
ghtoft
hel
i
mest
one

ov
er5mi
nut
es?
Hy
pot
hesi
s:

It
hinkt
hatt
hebeakerwi
thmostconcent
rat
eofv
inegarwi
l
lreducet
hewei
ghtoft
hel
i
me

st
onet
hemost
.Becausei
nmybackgr
oundi
nfor
mat
ion,
Icanunder
standt
hatt
hemor
eoft
he

neut
ral
i
zat
ionr
eact
iont
her
eist
hemor
ecr
umbl
i
ng,
dissol
vi
ngandf
ormi
ngoft
hegy
psum.I

t
hinkt
hatt
hebeakerwi
thamor
eaci
dicsubst
ance(
15ml
ofv
inegarand5ml
ofwat
er)wi
l
l

r
educet
hewei
ghtoft
hel
i
mest
onebyt
hemost
.

Var
iabl
es:
-

I
ndependentv
ari
abl
e:TheConcent
rat
eofVi
negar

DependentVar
iabl
e:Thewei
ghtoft
hel
i
mest
one(
aft
ert
her
eact
ion)

Const
antVar
iabl
e:Theor
igi
nal
wei
ghtoft
hel
i
mest
one

Mat
eri
als:
-

1. Wei
ghi
ngMachi
ne

2. Fl
ask-
50ml
x6

3. Li
mest
one-2gx6

4. Vi
negar
-30ml

5. Wat
er

6. TestTubes

7. Pl
ast
icBox

8. St
opwat
ch
Pr
ocedur
e:

1) Fi
l
lthef
laskwi
th2gofl
i
mest
one.

2) Fi
l
lthet
estt
ubewi
tht
hedi
ff
erentquant
it
yofl
i
qui
dbei
ngused(
Ex.15ml
vinegar
,5ml
H2O)

3) Pl
acet
hef
laskwi
th2gofl
i
mest
oneont
hewei
ghi
ngmachi
ne.

4) Pourt
hel
i
qui
dint
het
estt
ubei
ntot
hef
laskandt
aket
hei
nit
ial
wei
ght
.

5) Taket
hechangeoft
hewei
ghtev
ery30secondst
oseei
fiti
ncr
eases,
decr
easesor

st
ayst
hesamef
or5mi
nut
eswi
thast
opwat
ch.

6) Thendot
hisagai
nwi
thdi
ff
erentquant
it
iesofl
i
qui
dsi
nthet
estt
ubes(
ex.10ml
vinegar
,
10ml
water)

7) Repeatst
eps1t
o6t
woort
hreet
imest
ogetr
eli
abl
eresul
ts

Saf
etyPr
ocedur
e:-

• Don’
tthr
owmat
eri
alsar
oundandpl
ayar
oundwi
tht
hings.

• Becar
eful
wit
hal
ltool
sandal
way
shel
pot
her
sinneed.

• Don’
teat
,dr
ink,
orsmokewhi
l
eint
hel
abor
ator
y.

• Don’
tper
for
m anyunaut
hor
izedwor
k.

• Don’
tpouranyl
i
qui
dst
hatar
en’
twat
erdownt
hesi
nk.

• Don’
tpoi
ntt
heopenendofat
estt
ubeaty
our
sel
forsomebodyel
se.

Resul
ts:
-

B1=15ml
Vinegar
,5ml
H2O

B2=1Oml
Vinegar
,10ml
H2O

B3=5ml
Vinegar
,15ml
H2O
B=BeakerB1=Beaker1et
c..T1=Tr
ial
1T2=Tr
ial
2

Thi
sshowst
heamounti
tdecr
eased

Thei
nit
ial
react
ionwasal
lthatt
ookpl
ace.Becauset
her
ewassol
i
ttl
evi
negart
her
ewasn’
tso

muchofar
eact
ion.I
tgoesdownbyagr
am andt
heni
twentdownbyv
eryl
i
ttl
e.Bot
hoft
he

t
ri
alsgav
ever
ysi
mil
arr
esul
tsandt
hiswasj
ustasIexpect
ed.
Concl
usi
on:
-

Myhy
pot
hesi
swasmor
eorl
esscor
rect
.Ther
esul
tsshowedt
hati
twentdownby1.
7gr
ams.I

wasabl
etogetsuchasoundhy
pot
hesi
sfr
om t
hebackgr
oundi
nfor
mat
ion.I
tshowhowt
he

neut
ral
i
zat
ionr
eact
ioni
smor
ewhent
her
eisagr
eat
erconcent
rat
eofv
inegar
.Icanconcl
ude

t
hatt
hesubst
ancewi
thmor
evi
negarwoul
dal
way
shav
eagr
eat
erneut
ral
i
zat
ionr
eact
ion.

Howev
erB2r
esul
tsf
oroneoft
hem camev
erycl
oset
oB1.

Ref
erences:

1.ht
tp:
//en.
wiki
pedi
a.or
g/wi
ki
/Vi
tami
n_C
2.ht
tp:
//www.
whf
oods.
com/
genpage.
php?
tname=nut
ri
ent
&dbi
d=109

3.ht
tp:
//www.
lennt
ech.
com/
frui
t-
veget
abl
e-v
itami
n-cont
ent
.ht
m

4.ht
tp:
//www.
googl
e.com.
my/
sear
ch?
q=v
itami
n+c