Plant Design Guideline

990404 CONTENTS 000
Approved by: Date: Initials:
DESCRIPTION ENTITY REVISION
General 990404.010 04
Accessibility 990404.020 04
Civil provisions 990404.030 04
Pipelines 990404.040 04
Standard arrangements 990404.050 04
Ladders, stairs and platforms 990404.060 04
Pumps 990404.070 04
Compensators 990404.080 04
PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC

ENGINEERING / DRAWING AND MATERIAL SPECIFICATION PRACTICES 990404.000
issued: 990726 revision: 05 page: 1/1
990404 GENERAL 010
1. Introduction
These instructions stem from the need to establish the plant requirements set by Heineken Technical
Services; requirements which will chiefly relate to physical location of equipment and piping. For this
purpose the designer will need to have acces to design data, such as layout, diagrams, etc. at the very
start of the project.
2. Objective
These instructions have been drawn up to benefit the mechanical engineering design of plants for
breweries, distilleries and soft drink plants.
They serve: - The promotion of an optimal design
- The achievement of uniformity
- To promote the exchange of experience
- To avoid mistakes
3. Usage
These instructions can be used throughout the entire Heineken Company. Certain instructions are not
binding for all sites; these are indicated with the character '#'. In such cases you need to ask for
directions of the project manager.
Suggestions to diverge from diagrams, standards and/or instructions must be made to the Project
Manager.
4. Standards and instructions
When consulting instructions and/or standards one should always follow those which are valid and up-
to-date. In the event of conflicting instructions, the most compulsory instruction must be followed.
The design must comply with the standards and regulations issued by:
* Central and local governments

* The public utility companies (gas, water and electricity)
* Heineken Technical Services.

ENGINEERING / DRAWING AND MATERIAL PRACTICES 990404.010
990404 ACCESSIBILITY 020
1. Introduction
In this section a number of requirements are set on the plant, especially those relating to the
physical location and its accessibility.
2. Location
The plant's location on the premises must be specified with regard to a set geographical reference
point, both in the horizontal and vertical dimension.
Potential hazards must be located as far away as possible from concentrations of people. If
hazardous, volatile substances are involved, the generally prevailing winds must be taken into
account.
Loading and unloading bays, as well as storage places, must be located away from access roads.
3. Entrance
The plant must be easy to access. This applies to structures located inside the buildings and those
outside. Access roads must be sufficiently safe for all traffic: cars, bicycles and pedestrians.
Intersections of pipes and roads must be avoided where at all possible.
4. Layout
The plant must be arranged in a logical and economically accountable manner. The various
equipment and machinery should not be placed so far apart that they hinder accessibility. The
arrangement of equipment must correspond with the engineering diagram, such that the length of
pipelines between equipment is kept to the minimum.
5. Traffic
Roads and pathways must offer sufficient space for the transportation of plant components and for the
traffic of vehicles and pedestrians. This applies with regard to both indoor and outdoor plants.
Minimum width and headroom: Width Height
# main roads 5 m 4.3 m

# subroads 4 m 3.1 m
walking space 0.75 m 2.1 m
crawling space 0.75 m 1.2 m
# see 3
N.B.: By walking space is meant:

the space between equipment, etc., which is used to walk through on a regular basis for the
purpose of carrying out work or inspections.
No obstacles may be placed inside this open area.

6. Platforms
The projection of platforms and stairs or ladders must be kept to the minimum.
Platforms must be used in the case of:
• Manholes, if the centre line is located more than 3.2 m above floor level.
• Shut-off valves which are operated on a regular basis if the handwheel is positioned more than 2 m
above floor level, or in the case of accessories which require regular maintenance, such as safety
devices, control valves, etc.
• At places where inspections and operation activities are carried out on a regular basis, or where
samples are taken frequently, and where such activities cannot be carried out from floor level or by
standing on a ladder.
N.B.: For the design of platforms see 99.04.04.060
7. Fixed ladder
In a limited number of cases, operational and/or observation activities may be performed from a
ladder.
These include:
• Monotoring inspection glasses and gauges located more than 2 m above floor level.
• Level, pressure and temperature measuring points that are located more than 5 m above floor
level.
• In the case of shut-off valves < DN 50 operated on a regular basis and located more than 2 m.
above floor level.
N.B.: For the design of fixed ladders see 99.04.04.060
8. Removable ladder
The following activities may be performed from a removable ladder on the understanding that the
operation or observation points are not located more than 5 m above floor level:
• Operating block valves, which are not often used.
• Work performed on pressure and temperature measuring points.
• Work carried out on flowmeters.
• Aeration of pipelines and equipment.
• A manhole ladder can be used in accordance with 4.6.2 for manholes up to a height of 3.2 m
above floor level.

9. Average measurements of persons and the amount of space required

990404 CIVIL PROVISIONS 030
1. Introduction
Civil provisions to benefit the mechanical engineering design must be submitted to the civil engineer
by the designer in the form ofa proposal drawing. These provisions are made conform to the civil
drawings. (For making a proposal drawing see HMESC 00.13.07. - )
2. Floors
Provisions must be made for floors for the purpose of discharging cleaning fluids and/or leakages. We
distinguish:
• Dry floors: These are floors which under normal circumstances do not become wet;
such as floors in the boiler house and engine room. These floors must be
provided with one or several sink holes.
• Wet floors: These are floors which are often wet, such as brewhouse floors, etc. These
floors must be constructed as 'drainage floors' with a 1% slope and
provided with drainage gutters.
• Very wet floors: These are floors which are (virtually) always wet such as floors in the
bottling hall, cellar, etc. These must be constructed as 'drainage floors' with
a 2% slope and provided with drainage gutters.
3. Drainage gutters
These gutters must

be constructed with
a slope of 0.5%
whereby the liquid
must be
discharged at the
gutters lowest
point. At those
points where
people have to
walk the gutters
must be provided
with a grating that can be walked on; see HMESC 81.78.10.-
Reinforced grating must be used for greater loads, such as forklift trucks.
The grating must be flush with the floor. The sketch below shows the preferred gutter dimensions.
4. Foundations
Major foundations, intended for fillers, beer filters and groups of pumps for instance, are cast
beforehand. The location and dimensions of these major foundations can be determined from the plot
plan and/or piping plan.
Minor foundations, intended for a single pump, tank supports, etc., are cast after the equipment has
been placed. These minor foundations do not belong to the scope of the constructional specifications.
All minor foundations should preferably be positioned at the same elevation. The minimum height for a
minor foundation is 100 mm.
Small supports for piping, switches, etc., may be affixed directly to the floor. In this case the base-plate
must be grouted with a layer of plastic mortar at least 25 mm thick.
5. Holes
Holes in floors, walls and/or roofs for passing through pipelines, etc., will generally speaking be made
on site. The position and dimensions of these holes can be determined from the piping plan.
The minimum distance between holes in a concrete floor or wall must be determined in consultation
with the civil engineer.

990404 PIPELINES 040
1. Introduction
Piping is used for processing and utility systems. The routing of pipes within installations and
distribution systems requires attention to benefit hygienic, economical and safety purposes.
2. Sanitary pipelines
Sanitary pipelines will be used to transport the product (or product raw materials) in a liquid state.
Being 'sanitary' relates to the prevention of bacterial contamination of the product in the pipe.
This can be achieved by designing the pipelines such that no residue can remain behind.
3. Utility pipelines
Utility pipelines serve for the transportation of media not mentioned under sanitary pipelines, section 4.
This includes the following media:
• steam
• condensate
• cooling water
• air
• carbon dioxide (CO2)
• alcohol water or glycol water
• ammonia (NH3)
• natural gas
• fuel oil, etc.
4. Materials and dimensions
The materials and dimensions to be used for pipelines and fittings are specified in the Technical
Information Sheets.
5. Piping design guidelines for plants
• The pipelines must be executed in a direct, simple and financially accountable manner.
• Avoid 'droops' and 'humpbacks' where possible.
• Keep the number of bends to the minimum.
• The routing of small diameter pipelines must be conform to those with larger diameters.
• The pipelines must be designed such that they are sufficiently flexible to take up changes in length
due to changes in temperature. Care must be taken not to exceed the admissible stresses.
• Pipelines must be grouped where possible.
• Pipelines or pipe systems must be able to be de-aerated and drained.
• Design the pipe system such as to ensure the best possible flow through the pipelines; i.e. avoid
dead ends where possible.
This applies in the case of both gases and liquids.
• Cable channels - if incorporated in pipe bridges or attached underneath platforms - must be

situated at the highest support level. In other words, no pipelines may be laid above cable
channels.
• The velocity of liquids passing through the pipelines must be economically chosen on the basis of
the most economic speed. The dynamic resistance in a pipe system, dependent on the chosen
velocity of the liquid, has an influence on the following aspects:

With regard to the pipe system: - pipe material costs

- insulation costs (if insulated)
- accessory costs
- liquid volume, affects water consumption for product pipelines
- used space in pipe bridges
- mass, has an influence on the steel work of pipe bridges
With regard to pumps: - purchasing price of pumps
- energy consumption
- number of revolutions, has an influence on noise production
and wear on ball-bearings and mechanical seal.
For pipe supports see HMESC - main group 84.
Additional guidelines for sanitary pipelines are:
• Keep the pipe length as short as possible
• The internal part of the pipeline connections must be as smooth and flat as possible.
• Certain parts of the pipe system, such as dosing connections where no liquids flow through during
cleaning or disinfecting activities, must be kept as short as possible.
• The pipelines or pipe systems must preferably be self-evacuating.
• Do not incorporate de-aeration points or drains in sanitary pipelines.
• The fact that sanitary pipelines are cleaned with hot liquids (< 90 °C) must be taken into account.
6. Design guidelines for pipelines in pipe bridges
• Carbon steel pipelines must be projected on the lowest support levels. Reasons:
- to avoid welding splashes on stainless steel pipelines;
- to keep the bending moment on the pipe bridge - due to changes in length - as low as possible.
• Where possible, project stainless steel pipelines on the upper support levels; pipelines with larger
diameters below the smaller diameter pipelines.
• Heavy pipelines immediately adjacent to the columns in order to reduce bending stresses in
support girders.
• Cable channels may not be projected below pipelines and will therefore generally be located on the
upper support level.
• Incoming and outgoing piping may not form an obstacle to pipelines that cross their path.
• Pipes subject to changes in temperature must be grouped together on the outer side so that
expansion bends can be projected on the same horizontal level (outside the pipe bridge) and thus
avoid 'droops' and 'humpbacks'.
• Take into account approximately 25% additional support space for future (unforeseen) piping.
• Clearance around pipelines must be consistent with 4.4.7.
• If reducers are essential use eccentric reducers and keep the bottom flat.
• Where possible, group pipelines which are used for the transportation of similar media.
• Where possible, group insulated pipelines. The same applies for non-insulated pipelines.
• Place block valves directly outside the pipe bridge.
7. Supports

When applying supports make sure that the forces in effect can be borne by the construction used as
the support. Where possible, standard supports should be applied. See HMESC, main group 84.
The following aspects must also be taken into account:
• Pipe hangers may be used for pipelines < DN 200.
• The existing steel constructions must be used for hanging and/or supporting the pipelines.
• The supports of those pipeline sections that need to be dismantled for maintenance work must be
affixed in such a way that no provisional supports are required.
• The position of the supports must be determined in accordance with the usual discrimination.
When making stress-calculations the aspects taken into consideration should be the weight of the
pipe filled with water plus insulation if applicable. Also to be taken into account are wind force, ice
deposits and, if applicable, the risk of earthquakes. The maximum admissible span length of
support and the weight of the pipe, filled with water, exclusive of insulation, are given in the next
table:
Error! DIN 2448 HEIN SERIE METRIC/DIN 11850 ISO 1127

Bookm
ark not
defined
.
DN C - STEEL STAINLESS STEEL STAINLESS STEEL STAINLESS STEEL
O G O G O G O G
20 2,8 1,8 1,9 0,6
25 3,2 2,6 2,5 1
32 3,8 3,7 2,8 1,5
40 4,0 4,5 3,3 2 P.M. P.M. P.M. P.M.
50 4,7 6,6 3,8 4
65 5,3 9,3 4,3 5
80 5,8 12,2 4,6 7
100 6,8 19 5,7 13
125 7,6 27,4 6,3 19
150 8,6 38,4 6,9 25
200 10,3 65,6 7,8 42
250 11,6 96.5 9,8 62
300 12,8 132,5 10,8 86
400 15,1 208 11,5 156
500 17,5 324 13,8 236
O = span length of support in m.

G = mass in kg/m (including insulation and filled with water)
8. Space around pipelines
• The clearance between the outside of the pipe insulation and the construction must be at least 25
mm. When determining this space, movement - due to changes in temperature - must be taken
into account.

• A space of at least 25 mm must always be kept free around the pipeline, flange or insulation.
• The distance between the pipelines is partly determined by the supports. The distance between the
supports, and the space between the pipelines for attaching supports, must be taken into account.
Examples:
PIPE SUPPORTS PIPE SUPPORTS PIPE CLIPS

with guides with guides and
pipe clip
• The vertical space between pipelines in multiple layers must be at least 650 mm.

• There must be at least 200 mm clearance between the piping and the floor.
9. Branching
The following generally applies:
Liquids: branch pipelines Gases: branch pipelines

from below from above
• Steam pipelines (gas pipelines) must be branched from above. The block valve (if necessary) must
be positioned in the horizontal part of the branch.
• Condensate-return must be fed into the collecting main from above. The condensate must be
drawn off at high speed in the vertical pipe to avoid water shock.

• The position of the condensate collecting main should only decline on its route to the condensate
tank.
10. Shut-off valve installation height
Below are guidelines for the installation height or operating height of shut-off valves. The heights given
indicate the height of the centre of the handwheel or handle.
Remarks:
• Shut-off valves positioned more than 2000 mm above floor level must be able to be operated from
a fixed or removable ladder.
See 4.2.6 and 4.2.7.
• Sufficient space must be reserved for dismantling the accessories.

11. De-aerating and draining
• Utility pipelines must be provided with a de-aerating valve and a drain valve. These must be
positioned such that the pipelines can be de-aerated or drained completely.
- unless specified otherwise the bleeder cocks must be affixed as shown below:
- unless specified otherwise the drain valve must be affixed as shown below:
• Main steam pipelines in pipe bridges must be provided with a dripleg. These driplegs must be
located at each 'droop' and, in case of long steam pipelines, every 40 - 50 m and also at the end of
the pipe. The condensate is removed via a condensate set.
The steam trap and condensate set must be executed on the basic principles shown below.
STEAM DRIPLEG
PIPE
DN A DN B DN C
50 50 200
65 50 200
80 80 250
100 80 250
125 80 300
150 100 300
200 150 400
250 150 400
300 200 400

12. Safety devices and overflow valves
• The application of safety devices must be done in accordance with the design codes established
for the relevant country.
• Safety devices ensure, for example, that if the pressure rises above the maximum admissible
pressure steam is blown-off.
• Overflow valves drain off quantities of liquid as a normal part of the process, e.g. on pumps.
• Blocked-in piping components must be provided with a safety device if the pressure can exceed
the maximum admissible pressure due to an increase in the temperature of the relevant medium.
• Blow-off pipelines connected to a safety device for the release of gasses:
- Loss of pressure.
The pipeline leading to the safety device may not produce a fall of pressure greater than 3% of
the pressure set for the safety device. There may be no 'droops' in this pipe.
- Atmospheric discharge.
The steam blow-off pipe must incorporate a draining pipe. The blow-off pipe must be positioned
immediately after the device. It must point upwards and, within a radius of 15 m., must protrude at
least 3 m above the highest walking platform.
- Reaction forces, that arise during blast-offs, must be taken into account!

13. Measuring and controlling instruments
Measuring and controlling instruments are selected by Process Automation & Electrical Engineering.
Mechanical Engineering sees to it that the connections are made for the instruments or incorporates
the equipment in the design.
The following guidelines must be taken into account with regard to measuring and controlling
instruments:
• The Installation Instructions must be consulted. See HMESC 79.XX.00.

The required instrument connections are specified in the accessory list.
• Flow meters.
- Pipelines with an in-line flow meter for measuring of liquid flows must be projected such that the
pipe is completely filled with liquid. The flow meter must consequently never be projected in
'humpbacks'.
- The required lengths of straight piping both before and after the flow meter must be taken into
account.For the required lengths see: Installation Instructions HMESC 79.XX.00
A removable section of pipe must be projected either before or after the flow meter to enable the
introduction of a calibrating meter into the pipe circuit for calibrating the flow meter. This is done
by means of hoses.
- Flow meters must be mounted tension-free. The piping on either side of the flow meter must be
supported.
• Pressure measuring points should preferably be mounted on a section of pipe whith a low rate of
flow.
14. Protection against frost
In a climate where sub-zero temperatures can occur, all piping must be adequately protected from
frost. To prevent liquids in pipelines from freezing one of the measures suggested below can be
implemented:
• Self-evacuating design.
• Apply thermal insulation with electrical tracing, see HMESC 83.XX.00.

990404 STANDARD ARRANGEMENTS 050
1. Introduction
A number of standard arrangements is given in this section. They apply with regard to the
arrangement of equipment, manifolds, etc., often found in a brewery.
2. Heat exchangers
• For the tube type heat exchanger sufficient space must be reserved in order to be able to
dismantle the pipe-bundle.
The connecting pipelines should not form obstacles when performing maintenance work.
Demountable pipe sets must therefore be incorporated in the connecting pipelines. In this case the
shut-off valves may not be attached directly to the nozzles. See the sketch below:
• A heat exchanger which heats a medium by steam must be connected as shown in the following
diagram.

• Plate heat exchangers are often used for product; the plates can be dismantled for cleaning.
The plates are compacted by packings and thus the total thickness of the set of plates is not
constant. The thickness depends on the extent to which the packings can be indented.
The connections to the detachable packing crib must be flexible to compensate for the small
deviations in the thickness of the plate set.
The flexible connection can be executed in the form of a stainless steel tube, see HMESC
74.87.00. However, such a construction is not sanitary.
This flexible connection can also be made by using swing bends; this construction is preferred
for sanitary pipelines.
The connecting piping may not form an obstacle when dismantling the plate set.

3. Pumps
A number of guidelines and instructions are given below for the installation of centrifugal pumps. See
section 4.7 for the choice of pump type.
• Connect the pump's delivery and suction pipelines tension free.
• Pipeline expansion must be taken into account in the event of high medium temperature, use
compensators for diameters > DN 150 if necessary.
• Support the piping as close to the pump as possible.
• The pump must always be started up with a closed delivery valve. Hence the reason why a delivery
valve must always be incorporated.
• Always use a suction valve in connection with dismantling the pump. This ensures that tanks do not
need to be drained.
• Liquid must be prevented from flowing back into the pump. This can be achieved by using a check
valve or a remote controlled shut-off valve.
• Never incorporate check valves in product pipelines. Instead, and if required, use a remote
controlled shut-off valve.
• Always incorporate a pressure indicator in the pump delivery pipe before the delivery valve. In the
case of product pumps this must be a sanitary membrane pressure indicater. This must be a liquid-
filled type due to potential vibrations from the pump.
• If a flow switch (FA) is used it must be located at least one metre away from the delivery valve or a
bend.

• Mobile sanitary pumps in fermentation cellars, storage cellars and bright beer cellars are connected
on the suction side to tanks with the aid of swing bends. These swing bends should be chosen
such that no 'droops' occur (see HMESC 74.17.XX). If impossible to do otherwise, the mobile
pumps may be connected to the piping by hoses on the delivery side.
• As a provisional measure during the start up stage of a new plant, attach a suction filter in order to
collect course pollutants. For these provisional filters see HMESC 76.62.71.1XX.
• Apply top flat reducers in the suction pipe of a pump. This avoids the formation of gas bubbles in
the suction pipe. There is always the possibility of the sudden release of these bubbles, causing
damage to the pump.
• Pocket forming in the suction pipe must be avoided in the case of mash pumps with a view to the
possibility of solids 'bagging' when the pump stops.

• The formation of gas bubbles must be avoided in suction manifolds by branches located at the top.
• If mechanical seal rinsing or quenching is performed, the equipment required can be attached to a
frame. The frame is secured to the pump foundation plate near the electric motor. This can be
combined with the operating switch.
• Cables may not form an obstacle when operating and/or maintaining the pumps, nor may they be
positioned above the pump(s).
Each pump must be provided with an operating switch. The operating switches are mounted on
one bracket per block of two pumps.
4. Tanks

An inquiry drawing of a tank is made for the manufacturer or supplier. See HMESC 99.04.01.070.
The orientation of the nozzles must correspond with the most economical piping design, plus the
tank's function in the process. The inlet flow may not strike against instruments or the tank wall.
The following aspects must also be taken into account:
• The centerline of the manhole should preferably be located 1000 mm above the floor or platform.
See also 5. However, this rule is subordinate to the total arrangement.
• In wet areas, such as beer cellars and bottling halls, tank supports and base plates must be made
of stainless steel.
• In dry areas, such as engine rooms, boilerhouse, etc., the tank supports can be made completely
of carbon steel.
• The minimum space required between two insulated tanks is 150 mm.
• Vessels with steam heating jacket. Steam and condensate pipelines must be connected as shown
in the diagram shown below; the jacket must be fitted with aerators and de-aerators.
• Tanks with cooling coil or cooling jacket. An air release valve must be fitted at the highest point and
a draining valve at the lowest point.
• Vapour outlets and overflow pipelines must be executed in accordance with the diagrams shown
below.

If there are no problems with regard to media then several tanks can be connected to a single
vapour pipe.
• Vapour outlets on tanks subjected to strong fluctuations in temperature from hot to cold must be
provided with a vacuum safety device as shown in the diagram below.
• Sanitary tanks which require regular cleaning may not be fitted with an overflow, e.g. brewing
vessels, whirlpools, etc.

5. Reducing sets
• A steam reducing set can be executed as shown in the diagram below. If required, the reducing set
can be executed with a by-pass.
• Only apply a safety device if the steam pressure, which is not reduced, is higher than the design
pressure of the equipment that consume the reduced steam.
• Reducing sets for media other than steam can be executed as shown in the diagram below, a by-
pass can be incorporated if necessary.

6. Manifolds
• Steam manifold.
Remarks:
- Incorporate one or more spare connections if necessary. These must be provided with valves
and blind flanges.
- The steam boiler connection(s) should be positioned as near as possible to the centre of the
manifold.
- If possible choose DN200 as the largest valve diameter.
- Choose the manifold diameter larger than the largest pipe connection.
• Utility manifold (except for steam).
Remarks:
- Position the inlet(s) as near as possible to the centre of the manifold.
- Choose the manifold diameter larger than the largest pipe connection.
- Incorporate one or more spare connections if necessary. These must be provided with valves
and blind flanges.

Engineering, Drawing and Material Practices
1. INTRODUCTION
The circumstances under which ladders, stairs and platforms should be used are described in HMESC
99.04.04.020. The design data are given below.
By ‘fall height’ is meant the distance from a platform or floor to the next surface below it.
2. FIXED LADDERS
These are permanently fixed ladders. The instructions given below apply to vertical ladders (angle of ladder 90 °).
If the fall height is greater than 3.6 m then the ladder must be provided with a safety cage.
If the fall height is greater than 6 m it must be interrupted by one or more intermediate platforms. These heights
will need to be checked per country against the relevant, established, design regulations.
The ladder must jut out at least 1.0 m above the surface to be reached. Furthermore, one of the rungs must
be positioned level with this surface.
• Ladder fall height ≤ 3.6 m.
500
Level with surface
min. 1000
Fall height <= 3600
240-300
min. 700 min. 800 min. 200
Issue : 06 / PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC : 99.04.04.060

Date : 26-oct-2001 LADDERS, STAIRS AND PLATFORMS Page : 1 of 5
• Ladder fall height > 3.6 m
The opening giving access to the surface to be reached must be closed off with a safety gate.
300
min. 1000
600
Equal level
to surface
5000
375
850
Fall height from 3600 up to 5000

between rungs
Distance
240-300
2400
min. 800 min. 200

3. REMOVABLE LADDERS
These are ladders which are not permanently affixed to the places where they are used.
• Manhole ladder
These ladders are specifically for the purpose of making manholes accessible and are therefore provided
with a small platform.The tank must be provided with hooks on which to hang the ladder.
TANK 215 220 610

~
295
500
205
~
1475
50
200
400
25
220
3200 max.
X x 220
ADJUSTABLE
+ 190

4. STAIRS
Stairs should be designed as shown below.

angle a = 50°
rise h ≤ 200mm
h
a
Remarks:
- In cases where the fall height is greater than 5 m., one or more intermediate platforms must be
incorporated in the stairs.
- The stairs must have a railing on both sides. The railing must be connected with the platform railing.
• Stairs for a fall height ≤ 5 m.
>=
16
00
CLEARANCE >= 2135
<= 1000
<= 5000
1025
525
a=45^-55^

• Stairs for a fall height > 5 m (including intermediate platform)
200
SEE STAIRS FOR A
FALL HEIGHT <= 5000
FOR OTHER DIMENSIONS
A - WIDTH OF STEP - 200
> 5000
>= 5000
>= 800
>= 1500
5. PLATFORMS
The supporting construction of a platform should preferably be constructed from UNP sections.
The platform must be provided with a railing.
<=1500 >=750
1000
1200
850
120
500
500
T.O.P.
h <=5000
h >5000
GROUND LEVEL

990404 PUMPS 070
1. Introduction
A pump is a device for moving a fluid from one recipient to another through pipes or channels. There
are many different pump types that can be selected.
2. Pump selection
One of the main aspects when choosing a pump is the type. This depends, amongst other things, on
the function of the pump and the medium that has to be pumped.
Pumps can be divided into two main categories according to the principle of action: centrifugal pumps
and displacement pumps.
Displacement pumps are used at Heineken for dosing liquids and pumping viscous liquids such as
yeast.
Centrifugal pumps are used for watery liquids.
3. Centrifugal pumps
The characteristics of a centrifugal pump are:
• The output depends on the number of revolutions and the delivery head.
• Centrifugal pumps are basically not self-priming.
• Centrifugal pumps may be allowed to continue pumping for a short while with a closed delivery
valve.
• Centrifugal pumps function as an open valve in the pipeline.

990404 PUMPS 070
4. Number of revolutions and efficiency of centrifugal pumps
• The number of revolutions applied at Heineken is 2,900 and 1,450 r.p.m. In some cases a lower
number of revolutions is applied, in the case of mash for instance: 950 r.p.m.
• Pumps running at 2,900 r.p.m. produce more noise than pumps operating at 1,450 r.p.m.
• Pumps operating at 1,450 r.p.m. will generally be applicable for relatively low delivery heads.
• Pumps with a low number of revolutions generally have a more favourable NPSH. This is important
when pumping hot liquids.
• When choosing a pump it is important to choose the most advantageous working range (efficiency)
on economic grounds. Lowering the efficiency not only results in a larger installed motor power but
also an increase in noise level.
• Choose a 10 to 15% higher motor power than the required input power shown in the pump graph.
The graphs shown below - which give an indication of revolutions per minute compaired to
efficiency - can be used to make an initial choice with regard to number of revolutions.
Carbon steel pump in

accordance with DIN 242255
Stainless steel DIN pumps

990404 PUMPS 070
5. Displacement pumps
The principle of a displacement pump is that the displacement of liquid is based on increasing, and
subsequently decreasing, the size of the pump chamber.
The characteristics of a displacement pump are:
The pump's output is linear equated to the number of revolutions made by the pump and almost
independent of the discharge pressure.
Most displacement pumps produce a pulsating flow of liquid and this can give rise to problems in
connection with measuring volumes and pipe vibration. To prevent vibrations and damage of suction
and delivery piping the length of these pipelines must be kept as short as possible and the diameters
correctly dimensioned.
• Displacement pumps may not be allowed to run with a closed delivery valve.
• Displacement pumps are self-priming.
• When not in operation these pumps function as a shut-off valve in the piping.
Commonly used displacement pumps at Heineken are:
• Plunger pump
This type of pump is often used as a pump for

chemical dosing.
The advantage of this pump is that the stroke

of the plunger can be adjusted; this makes it
possible to increase or reduce the dosage.
One disadvantage is that the flow of liquid

pulsates strongly.
3
Capacities Q = 0.25 to 10 m /h
H = > 5 bar
• Rotor pump with two lobes.
This construction is sanitary and can be well

cleaned.
One disadvantage of this pump is that the flow

of liquid strongly pulsates.
These pumps are used for yeast transport.

3
Capacities Q = 1 to 50 m /h
H = to 15 bar

990404 PUMPS 070
• Mono-pump
This type of pump is also often used for yeast.
The advantages of mono-pumps are:
- continuous, weak pulsating flow of liquid
- sanitary construction and can be well cleaned.
Disadvantages of mono-pumps are:
- their length
- they may absolutely not be allowed to run dry.
3
H = 1.5 to 6 bar
• Hose pump.
The advantage of this type of pump is that there are no moving parts contained in the pump
housing such as valves, etc. It may be allowed to run dry, has no blind angles and is therefore
extremely suitable for breweries.
Disadvantages of this type of pump are:
- flow of liquid pulsates strongly
- the pump hose only has a limited life span.
3
H = to 15 bar
• Diaphragm pump.
The advantage of this type of pump is that they are available for very small capacities and are
therefore particularly useful for chemical dosing.
A disadvantage of this type of pump is

that the flow of liquid pulsates strongly.
3
H = > 6 bar

990404 PUMPS 070
Potential methods of avoiding pump damage resulting

from operation with a closed delivery valve.
Method 1
By means of an overflow valve installed in the pump's

delivery pipe or incorporated in the pump. This valve
opens if the pressure in the delivery pipe rises above the
valve's set pressure, subsequently a circulation flow
occurs.
Method 2
By means of a pressostat installed in the delivery pipe.

This pressostat switches the pump’s electromotor off if
the pressure in the delivery pipe rises above a preset
value.
6. Impeller type
The impeller used most at Heineken is the closed radial impeller. This impeller is suitable for slightly
polluted liquids.
Free impeller passage A : 10 - 23 mm.
Two or three channel impellers are applied for liquids that contain solids (max. 90%) such as mash.
These impellars are suitable for thick, non-gaseous liquids.
Free impeller passage A : 25 - 73 mm.
The open Impeller is often used for slightly polluted liquids that contain gas and air.
The screw shaped impeller is used to avoid damaging the product (such as mash and hot wort).

990404 PUMPS 070
7. Shaft sealing
One major aspect in choosing a pump is the method used for sealing the shaft guide through the
pump housing. This can be realised by means of a stuffing box or a mechanical seal.
The advantages of mechanical seals above stuffing boxes are:
• No leakage along the shaft sealing, something which is even necessary with stuffing boxes.
• No wear and tear of the shaft or stuffing box, which is the case with a stuffing box.
Disadvantages of mechanical seals are:
• The high purchasing price.
• The additional costs for the supply and discharge of flushing liquid.
• Their assembly, which must be performed extremely accurately and dust-free.
Mechanical seal flushing
For it to work properly a mechanical seal must be flushed with a liquid. There are various ways of
doing this:
• Circulation with the pumped medium.
This is a design which is encountered in the case of single seals. The provisions for this are
incorporated in the pump as standard. It is only suitable for liquids without solid components.
• Flushing a single mechanical seal with a foreign medium (flushing liquid).
This is applied in the case of those types in which the pumped medium may not enter the seal
chamber, either because it is too polluted or because of other reasons. A check should be made,
however, whether the fluching liquid may be mixed with the medium to be pumped.
The pressure of the flushing liquid must be minimal:
- Pump suction pressure + 1 bar.
A needle valve, flow indicator and solenoid valve are placed in the supply.
• Flushing a double mechanical seal with a foreign medium (flushing liquid).
Double seals are applied for media which are strongly polluted or where the medium may not be
allowed to enter the seal chamber, and where the flushing liquid may not be mixed with the
pumped medium.
In this case the flushing liquid is rinsed through the sealed chamber and then discharged.
The pressure of the flushing liquid must be minimal:
Pump suction pressure + 1 bar.
A needle valve, flow indicator and solenoid valve are placed in the supply.
• Quenching.
When working with liquids that can crystallize, the mechanical seal must be fed with flushing water
(quenching). This flushing water flows through via the rear of the seal. Crystallization can cause the
mechanical seal to become jammed when the pump is out of operation and become damaged
when it is restarted.

990404 PUMPS 070
• Media which need to be quenched include solutions of caustic soda (25%) and wort.
This flushing water is fed in at the bottom of the mechanical seal and discharged without pressure
at the top. There is no overpressure in the area where the flushing water is fed in. A needle valve
and magnetic valve are positioned in the supply.
For a complete overview of the flushing liquid for mechanical seals see API standard 610.
Recommendations:
• The pressure of the flushing liquid must be as constant as possible.
• Use water with a low degree of hardness (product water) for flushing and quenching.
• Have the pump supplier provide a detailed drawing which includes the dimensions of the built-in
mechanical seal (stipulate this in the inquiry and order specification). This avoids lack of clarity in
the event of repairs due to defects.
• Choose a mechanical seal which is independent on the direction of rotation where possible.

990404 COMPENSATORS 080
1. Introduction
Piping systems should be arranged with compensators to avoid tensin and vibration.
2. Application
Compensators are applied in order to:
• Connect equipment and tanks without tension to the piping;
• Compensate for changes in length of a pipe which arise due to increases or decreases in
temperature. They are only to be used if the change in the length of the pipe cannot be
compensated by flexible piping
• Soften vibrations caused, for instance, by compressors and piston pumps. This should only be
done if the vibrations cannot be tempered by other means, e.g. by positioning the piping differently.
3. Types
The following types may be used:
• Compensator, stainless steel.
Not to use in wort, yeast and beer.
• Bellow compensator, rubber
Not to use in steam, condensate, boiler feed water,

NH3 and high pressure CO2.
• Cylindrical rubber type, suitable for horizontal product

pipelines, etc.
This type has a very limited change of direction
characteristics.

4. Characteristics
• The change of direction characteristics of a

compensator are:
- Axial change of direction
- Lateral change of direction
- Angular change of direction
The change of direction required must be specified in

the order.
• Limiters.
Limiters are essential to counteract distortion of

the axial forces. Preferably choose a compensator
whereby the limiter fastenings are part of the
flange.
If the compensator is to serve as a vibration

absorber then you must take rubber buffers
between the bolt and the flange into account.
• Horizontal installation.
In connection with the potential accumulation of

pollutants, the horizontal installation of a bellow
compensator is not allowed in product pipelines,
such as wort, yeast and beers.

• Tap bolts.
Make sure that the tap bolts cannot jut out in

view of the possibility of damaging the rubber.
• Flanges with groove.
Never use flanges with a groove on

rubber compensators.
• Pretension
Check whether the compensators must be assembled with or without pretension. This must be
indicated on the drawing.
pretension 20 mm
• Approval.
For compensators in pipelines subjected to high pressure and high temperature you must check
whether they need approval from the Stoomwezen, TÜV, etc.
4. Installation.
• The piping must be sufficiently guided laterally so that it cannot bend. To avoid any bending, the
pipe must be supported on both sides so that the section of pipe can only move along its axis.
• The figures below show the most generally used forms of support.
In these sketches is A the supporting distance.

The dimension B has to be as short as possible.


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990404 CONTENTS 000

Approved by: Date: Initials:

DESCRIPTION ENTITY REVISION

Civil provisions 990404.030 04

Standard arrangements 990404.050 04

Ladders, stairs and platforms 990404.060 04

PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC

4. Standards and instructions

* Central and local governments

PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC

Minimum width and headroom: Width Height

# main roads 5 m 4.3 m

N.B.: By walking space is meant:

PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC

Platforms must be used in the case of:

N.B.: For the design of platforms see 99.04.04.060

N.B.: For the design of fixed ladders see 99.04.04.060

• Operating block valves, which are not often used.

• Work performed on pressure and temperature measuring points.

• Work carried out on flowmeters.

• Aeration of pipelines and equipment.

PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC

9. Average measurements of persons and the amount of space required

PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC

These gutters must

PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC

4. Materials and dimensions

5. Piping design guidelines for plants

• Avoid 'droops' and 'humpbacks' where possible.

• Keep the number of bends to the minimum.

• Pipelines must be grouped where possible.

• Pipelines or pipe systems must be able to be de-aerated and drained.

• Cable channels - if incorporated in pipe bridges or attached underneath platforms - must be

PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC

With regard to the pipe system: - pipe material costs

For pipe supports see HMESC - main group 84.

Additional guidelines for sanitary pipelines are:

• Keep the pipe length as short as possible

• The pipelines or pipe systems must preferably be self-evacuating.

• Do not incorporate de-aeration points or drains in sanitary pipelines.

6. Design guidelines for pipelines in pipe bridges

• Clearance around pipelines must be consistent with 4.4.7.

• Place block valves directly outside the pipe bridge.

PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC

The following aspects must also be taken into account:

• Pipe hangers may be used for pipelines < DN 200.

Error! DIN 2448 HEIN SERIE METRIC/DIN 11850 ISO 1127

O = span length of support in m.

8. Space around pipelines

PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC

PIPE SUPPORTS PIPE SUPPORTS PIPE CLIPS

PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC

The following generally applies:

Liquids: branch pipelines Gases: branch pipelines

PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC

10. Shut-off valve installation height

• Sufficient space must be reserved for dismantling the accessories.

PLANT DESIGN GUIDELINES HMESC