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• Formulas and calculations •

Electricity and Electric

Charge
Electrical voltage V, amperage I, resistivity R, impedance Z,
wattage P

The nominal impedance Z = 4, 8, and 16 ohms (loudspeakers) is often assumed as resistance R.

Ohm's law equation (formula): V = I × R and the power law equation (formula): P = I × V.
P = power, I or J = Latin: influare or international ampere, and R = resistance.
V = voltage, electric potential difference or E = electro motive force (EMF = voltage).

Enter any TWO of the following values and click the calculation button.
The missing values will be calculated. Enter only two values.

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Voltage or volt E or V =   volts V

Amperage or current I =   amperes, amps A
 Resistivity or resistance R
 ohms Ω
= 
Wattage or power P =   watts W
   reset

Fundamentals: Electric Laws − Formulary

Formula wheel ♥ All important formulas
Electronic engineering
Electrical engineering laws  
laws

V comes from "voltage" and E from "electromotive force". E means also energy,
so V is chosen.

The Big Power Formulas

        Electrical and mechanical power calculation 

 Formula 1 − Electrical (electric) power equation: Power P = I × V =

R × I2 = V2 ⁄ R
 where power P is in watts, voltage V is in volts and current I is in
amperes (DC).
 If there is AC, look also at the power factor PF = cos φ and φ =
power factor angle
 (phase angle) between voltage and amperage.
 Formula 2 − Mechanical (mechanic) power equation: Power P = E ⁄
t=W⁄t
 where power P is in watts, Energy E is in joules, and time t is in
seconds. 1 W = 1 J/s.
 Power = force times displacement divided by time P = F · s / t or:
 Power = force times speed (velocity) P = F · v.
 Undistorted powerful sound is not to find in these formulas. Please,
mind your ears!
 The eardrums are really only moved by the waves of the sound
pressure. That does not
 do neither the intensity, or the power nor the energy.
 Electric (electrical) Energy is E = P × t − measured in watthours, or
also in kWh.

 Very loud sounding speakers should have much power, but look
closer at the very
 important efficiency of loudspeakers.

 There is really no RMS power. The words "RMS power" show not
correct, that there is a
 calculation of a power which is the multiplication of a voltage RMS
and an amperage RMS.
 RMS watts is meaningless. In fact, we use that term as an extreme
shorthand for power in
 watts calculated from measuring the RMS voltage. Read here:
 Why there is no such thing as 'RMS watts' or 'watts RMS' and
never has been.
Tip: The electrical power triangle (power formula)
The magic triangle can be used to calculate all formulas of the "electric power
law". You hide with
a finger the value to be calculated. The other two values show then how to do the
calculation.
 Please enter two values, the third value will be calculated.

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Electric Power P:  watts

Voltage V:  volts
Amperage I:  amps
reset

Calculations: Ohm's law - Ohm's

magic triangle
•
ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) ~
Vl = line voltage (volts), Vp = phase voltage (volts), Il = line current (amps), Ip = phase
current (amps)
Z = impedance (ohms), P = power (watts), φ = power factor angle, VAR = volt-amperes
(reactive)

Current (single phase): I = P / Vp×cos φ    Current (3 phases): I = P / √3 Vl×cos φ or I = P / 3 Vp×cos φ 

Power (single phase): P = Vp×Ip×cos φ     Power (3 phases): P = √3 Vl×Il×cos φ or P = √3 Vp×Ip×cos φ 
Power factor PF = cos φ = R/(R2 + X2)1/2, φ = power factor angle. For the purely resistive circuit, PF = 1
(perfect).
 In acoustics we got "Ohm's law as acoustic
equivalent"
Relationships of acoustic quantities associated with plane
progressive acoustic sound waves

Conversions of more different units

prefixes | length | area | volume | weight | pressure | temperature | time | energy | power |
density | velocity | acceleration | force

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