Understanding Retail

Parkha Khan

Task 1: P1

Describe the retail industry in India.

Introduction: In terms of retail, India is the world's fifth-largest destination. The Indian retail industry
has become one of the most competitive and fast-paced industries as a result of the arrival of many new
competitors. Total consumption expenditure is expected to reach over US$ 3,600 billion by 2020, up
from US$ 1,824 billion in 2017. It accounts for more than 10% of the country's GDP and employs roughly
8% of the workforce. India is placed 73rd in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's
2019 Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-commerce Index. According to the World Bank's Doing Business
2020 report, India is the world's fifth-largest retail destination, ranked 63rd.

Market Size: In 2018, the retail industry grew at a CAGR of 13%, reaching US$ 950 billion, and is
expected to reach US$ 1.1 trillion by 2020. Revenues from online retail are predicted to climb by 31%
year over year to US$ 32.70 billion in 2018. Online shopping is anticipated to bring in $60 billion in
revenue by 2020. In FY20, India's offline retailers, also known as brick and mortar (B&M) merchants, are
expected to increase their revenue by Rs 10,000-12,000 crore (US$ 1.39-2.77 billion). According to the
Ground Zero Series conclusions of consultancy firm RedSeer, the retail sector is expected to regain 80
percent of pre-Covid sales (amounting to US$ 780 billion) by the end of 2020.

Due to substantial investment and a significant increase in the number of internet users, India is
expected to become the world's fastest-growing e-commerce sector. Various organisations have great
hopes for India's e-commerce business to flourish. The FMCG industry showed signs of resurgence in the
July-September 2020 quarter, with a 1.6 percent year-over-year growth, following a 19 percent loss in
the January-March 2020 quarter. The improvement in the overall macroeconomic environment, which
has improved with the liberalisation of the economy and the relaxation of tight restrictions, was
reflected in the surge in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector.

Investment Scenario: From April 2000 to December 2020, India's retail trading received FDI equity
inflows of US$ 3.44 billion, according to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
(DPIIT). Due to the increased demand for consumer products in numerous areas such as consumer
electronics and home appliances, many corporations have invested in the Indian retail arena in recent
months.

In India's retail industry, several private equity and venture capital funds would invest US$ 6.2 billion by
2020. Greyweave, a firm that makes hand-made carpets and rugs, said in February 2021 that it would
invest Rs. 75 lakh (US$ 102,875.65) in its offline expansion. In February 2021, Benetton India announced
that it would open 30-40 new stores in India to expand its business. The company will also launch an
online store in the second half of the year. In December 2020, GIC Pte Ltd., Singapore's sovereign wealth
fund, and ESR Cayman Ltd. announced a joint venture to build and buy US$750 million in industrial and
logistical facilities in India.

In September 2020, US private equity firm Silver Lake announced plans to invest Rs. 7,500 crore (US$
1.00 billion) in Reliance Retail, following a US$ 1.35 billion investment in Jio Platforms earlier in 2020.
Silver Lake is making its second billion-dollar investment in a subsidiary of Reliance Industries.

Government Initiatives: The Indian government has taken a number of steps to enhance the retail
industry. The following are a few of them:

1. The government can amend FDI restrictions in food processing to allow E-commerce enterprises
and international merchants to sell Made in India consumer goods.
2. The Indian government has approved 100 percent FDI in online retail of products and services
via the automatic route, bringing clarity to E-commerce companies' activities in the country.
3. The industry benefits from the governments focus on developing digital infrastructure in Tier 2
and Tier 3 markets.

Road Ahead: E-commerce is constantly increasing over the world. Customers have an ever-increasing
selection of low-cost goods to pick from. In the retail industry, e-commerce is producing the most
substantial change, and this trend is projected to continue in the future years.

Retailers in tier II and tier III cities should take advantage of digital retail platforms (E-commerce) to save
money on real estate while reaching out to more customers. By 2021, traditional retail is predicted to
account for 75% of the global retail sector, with organised retail accounting for 18% and e-commerce
accounting for 7%.

Give clear definition of what retailing means to you:

Marketing items to end users for personal or domestic usage includes a variety of duties.
One of India's cornerstones of economics is its retail business, which accounts for around 10% of India's
GDP. It is believed that the Indian retail industry amounts to 600 milliards of dollars, making it one of the
top five countries' economic groups. She had also a 51 percent shareholder cap and a protracted
approval process for single-brand retail.

Describe what retail structure and retail organization is

Retail Structure: Retail structure refers to the physical distribution of retail establishments and store
types, as well as the composition of store groupings, spacing, and market interaction.

Retail Organisation: Retail organisation refers to the basic style or structure of a retail business that is
designed to meet the needs of the end client.

What are the type of retailers in India and any other international market?

Types of retailing in India:-

ORGANIZED MARKET

1. Branded stores
2. Specialty stores
3. Departmental stores
4. Super markets
5. Discount stores
6. Hyper mart
7. Shopping malls

UNORGANIZED MARKET

1. Kirana stores
2. Paan/Beedi shop
3. Footwear shops
4. General stores
Proportion of people employed from labor force: 49.80

International Market retailers:

1. Mobile Retailers
2. Fixed Shop Retailers
3. Market Traders
4. Street Traders
5. Fixed-Shop Small Retailers
6. Fixed-Shop Large Retailers
7. Independent Retailers
8. . Chain Store Retailers
9. Manufacturer Owned Outlet
 10. Franchise Outlet
M1, COMPARE THE FUNCTIONS OF ANY 5 TYPES OF RETAILS AND HOW THEY ARE DIFFERENT FROM
EACH OTHER IN THERE FUNCTIONALITY
Both a shopping mall and a general store sell the
same things and have a store.
Both a super market and a hypermart are large
shopping establishments that sell a wide range of
goods.
Street traders and street shops both are selling
goods on streets
Department stores and chain stores both exist.
Both department stores and chain stores have the
notion that customers should be able to find
everything they need under one roof.
Both the fixed little shop and the fixed large shop
sell goods.
A shopping mall is a large store with a variety of
products and numerous personnel, whereas a
general store is a smaller store with fewer
products and fewer personnel.
A super market has a wide variety of things from A
to Z, whereas a hypermart does not have all of the
products that a super market does.
To sell their items, these merchants usually set up
shop on busy street corners, bus stops, footpaths,
or in and around commercial areas. They sell a
variety of things, including books, diaries, pencils,
newspapers, and other products. Street shops are
those that are placed near street crossings, major
thoroughfares, or the corners of colonies.
There is a distinction to be made between
department stores and chain stores. Chain stores
are retail outlets with the same brand and
management in several locations, whereas
department stores have a long history of selling a
wide selection of goods for retail sale.
Fixed small shops are tiny merchants such as street
sellers, and fixed large shops are huge retailers
such as department stores and chain stores.
Task 2: P2

Describe the channels of distribution process in retail sector.

The most prevalent distribution method for consumer brands is retail, which relies on third-party outlets
to get products to market. Intermediaries and points of contact for customers include supermarkets,
big-box stores, convenience stores, and department stores. You don't go to the Jif store to purchase
peanut butter, after all. Retail distribution strategies, on the other hand, are not all created equal.
Depending on the brand, product, and target audience, they may aim for the broadest market
penetration feasible, or they may focus on establishing exclusivity by limiting availability.

Define B2B and B2C businesses. What channels do they use and how are they different from each
other?

1. B2B

B2B stands for "business-to-business." It refers to businesses that have businesses as clients. It is the
exchange of goods and services between two or more firms, such as a supplier and a manufacturer, a
manufacturer and a wholesaler, and a wholesaler and a retailer. B2B enterprises include logistics
companies, advertising agency, software companies, graphic design services, and office furniture
makers. Customers, like other businesses, buy B2B sellers' products and services to use in later
production or for internal usage.

2. B2C

Business-to-consumer is abbreviated as B2C. In this sort of economic transaction, goods and services are
sold to individual customers. B2C refers to businesses that sell directly to consumers. People may
become more familiar with B2C than B2B as a consumer because the commercial transaction is shorter
than in a B2B transaction. B2C can be present in your day-to-day purchases. When you go to an Apple
store to buy a smartphone or a supermarket to buy groceries, it's a B2C transaction.

Channels used by B2B and B2C:

1. B2B

Business to business transactions are conducted through a range of channels, including e-commerce and
physical locations. However, due to the considerable differences in how B2B and B2C marketing work,
there are extra channels. Many businesses to company transactions involve big sums of money since
firms often buy in large amounts. As a result, a person from the selling company is frequently involved in
the formation, growth, and management of sales connections. This person can assist the buyer with the
B2B product's planning, setup, and use.

2. B2C

There are two main avenues for business-to-consumer sales. The first is the classic brick-and-mortar
business, which is a physical site where customers can visit. Shopping malls, grocery stores, and
restaurants are examples of brick and mortar stores. Customers may usually see, touch, and sample
things before purchasing them in a brick-and-mortar store.

Differences between B2C and B2B:

1. Different target audiences

2. Decision-making process
3. Differences in marketing strategies
4. Sales speed
5. Relationships with customers
6. Return on investment

M2: COMMENT AND DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE DISTRIBUTING METHODS OF RETAIL SECTOR AND
THEIR CONTRAST WITH B2B AND B2C.

In retail industries such as food and apparel, there are differences in distribution methods.
Distribution channels drawbacks:

1. When such distribution channels are used, other persons are nearly always in contact with the
end user. Understanding business purchase patterns allowed the corporation to demonstrate a
personal connection to the end customer, resulting in brand loyalty that is difficult to acquire
through traditional distribution methods.

2. Unless the distribution route is straightforward, in which case manufacturers sell the product
straight to the client, the distribution route is effective. It will take longer to supply the items if
there are many intermediaries between the producer and the client, or if the distribution
system has gotten cumbersome, resulting in consumer discontent.

3. The channel is cost-effective unless it is easy and simple. All intermediates consume the product
more as a result of the intermediary's participation in distribution channels. As a result, in order
to exist and develop, every company requires a consistent profit, which leads to reduced sales
and profits as distribution expenses rise. Clients would also be fewer as a result of the hefty
price they would have to pay.
4. The plan will function if the channel intermediaries have similar viewpoints and strategies. There
is, however, a battle for supremacy and efficiency among the channel's intermediates, with a
range of ideas and ways.

5. Since a mass marketing strategy needs a customized approach, the distribution plan is tough to
alter after the sales channel design is implemented. Organizations who established their
distribution platform without focusing on their end consumers experience issues at initially since
they do not directly engage with them. Companies who have created their distribution channel
with their end consumers in mind, on the other hand, do not experience these issues.

6. The producer will be able to learn about the changing buying preferences of its clients if the
supplier connects directly with the end user and adjusts its distribution channel. Suppliers, on
the other hand, will be unable to identify changes in their procurement procedures if the
producer does not directly interact with end users. As a result, the formerly efficient distribution
mechanism is become ineffective. Distribution networks must be efficient in order for items to
arrive on time and in good condition from the manufacturer to the manufacturer. The
 distribution route is inefficient when it is poorly executed. In order to create and implement the
ideal distribution channel, the company must focus on its end users. (Marketing Channels That
Drive Your Company's Sales)

D1

Method of distribution of products:

A comfortable environment, a well-trained crew, and a distinct brand can all be found in a store. These
characteristics, on the other hand, are irrelevant if a customer purchases things that aren't currently on
the shelf. This is why shops must make certain that things are still available to customers. The
distribution approach is:

• There will be a greater demand for high-quality services.

• Orders are processed quickly.

Supply chain:

The primary function of the supply chain is to offer services or products to end consumers. Every link in
the chain network supports the material in some manner or through numerous procedures, from the
raw materials to the final user. Garbage can be disposed of as part of the disposal procedure as well. A
trustworthy, efficient supply chain expands stock supply, reduces stock levels, and lowers costs.

Many countries have a significant rail and road network. In diverse regions, road and train networks are
the most popular, productive, and cost-effective modes of delivering products and services.

By road:

Moving goods from one location to another is another helpful and popular strategy. Road transportation
is a typical alternative for enterprises, and there are many different types of cars with differing sizes and
weight bearings. This is the most efficient way to carry stuff. On the other hand, road transportation is
not advised for all types of commodity transportation. Businesses should also ensure that roadway
quality is sufficient for timely and efficient freight movement.

By container:
The majority of consumer items are transported in containers. Strong precautions have been put in
place, as well as cheaper insurance costs. Containers, on the other hand, are expensive to create at first
and even more so when they are returned empty. Containers with a restricted number of movement
points necessitate the use of specialised equipment.

By Air:

Air transport is the most convenient means of transport for commodities. Small stocks, on the other
hand, can be stored in this medium. Air travel is more expensive than other types of transportation, yet
it is beneficial for delivering products in an emergency.

P3

Explain, in your words, what ‘Customer Service’ is.

Customer service is the act of assisting and advocating for customers during the discovery, use,
optimization, and troubleshooting of a product or service. It's also the methods that allow teams to
deliver outstanding customer service. The primary purpose of customer service is to improve client
relationships.

Explain different organizational customer service and policies.

Pakistan state oil policies are:

1. Comply with all applicable rules and regulations in Pakistan.

2. Ensure that all of the company's activities are conducted in compliance with the company's
health, safety, and environmental policies and procedures.
3. Ascertain that environmental performance complies with legal criteria.
4. Make it mandatory for every employee to take personal responsibility for preventing harm to
themselves, others, and the environment.
5. Maintain public trust in the Company's operations by transparently reporting its results to all of
the Company's stakeholders.
6. Employees, contractors, and other stakeholders who work with the company should receive
proper health, safety, and environmental training and information.
7. Risk Assessment should be integrated into all business activities.
8. Encourage pollution prevention and proper management and disposal of solid, liquid, and
gaseous pollutants.
 9. Improve our organization's leadership, capability, and capacity to continuously improve our
performance.

Services that PSO provides are:

1. Giving fuel to their customers and other car services.

Attock Petroleum Limited Quality Policy Statement:

The policy of Attock Petroleum Limited is to provide high-quality products and services that suit our
customers' expectations. We focus on the following factors when it comes to gaining client pleasure and
loyalty:

 Two-way communication.
 Unrivalled performance training.
 The ability to learn from our collective experiences and others are required.

To further enhance its commitment towards Quality, APL management has set the following quality
objectives:

The major goal of the Quality Management System is to ensure that all goods sent to customers are in
compliance with product specifications.

2. To establish a manner of functioning that meets and exceeds customer expectations, we must clearly
identify and comprehend our internal and external customers' stated and hidden needs.

3. Provide assurance to management, our workers, clients, and stakeholders that quality standards are
met and maintained, and that continuous quality improvement is taking place.

4. Develop performance measuring tools to improve the efficiency of our services, operations, and
quality management system.

5. Meet all quality system criteria outlined in our Quality Manual, including ISO 9001:2015 criteria. 6. To
be a reliable and market-leading oil marketing company that consistently delivers high-quality products
and services.

Fuel and car services are two of the services provided by Attock petrol pump.

DISCUSS HOW CUSTOMER SERVICE VARIES IN INDIAN AND INTERNATIONAL MARKET. WHILE
DISCUSSING YOU CAN REFER IN TERMS OF:
 • CUSTOMER SATISFACTION/QUERIES/RETURN POLICIES • COLLECTION AND USES OF CUSTOMER
INFORMATION • USES OF ICT IN COMMUNICATION WITH CUSTOMERS • CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP
MANAGEMENT (CRM)

CUSTOMER SATIFACTION:

Customer service refers to the help you give your consumers before, during, and after they buy and
utilise your products or services in order to make their experience with you as easy and pleasant as
possible. You must give great customer service if you want to keep clients and expand your organisation.
In today's world, customer care goes much beyond the standard phone support worker. Email, the web,
text messages, and social media can all be used to access it. Many companies also provide self-service
assistance, which allows clients to get answers at any time of the day or night. Customer service is more
than just answering queries; it's an important aspect of your company's promise to its clients.

Consumer satisfaction is a metric that measures customer satisfaction with a company's products,
services, and capabilities. Customer satisfaction data, such as surveys and ratings, can help a business
figure out how to enhance or adjust its products and services. Customers' questions are answered in
order to satisfy them and meet their wants to their satisfaction. Return policies varies from one
company to the next.

COLLECTION AND USES OF CUSTOMER INFORMATION:

In order to personalise a company's customer service program and expand the business, consumer
information must be collected and preserved. However, there are legal limitations to what a firm may
do with the data it has collected. Whether or not you use the data you acquire from clients, you must
adhere to privacy rules. The laws also dictate how a business can store and use data.

Order forms, inquiries, complaints, warranty cards, and customer rewards programs are all examples of
ways to collect information from customers.

Customer satisfaction surveys, feedback cards, customer competitions, and a website are all options.

USES OF ICT IN COMMUNICATION WITH CUSTOMERS:

Suppliers and customers can receive letters via email or an external messaging system. This type of
communication will only necessitate the use of a standard computer and no additional hardware.
Customers can place orders for products through the company's website's online ordering system.

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT:

Customer relationship management (CRM) is the process of a corporation or other organisation

managing its contacts with customers, typically through the analysis of vast volumes of data.
M3

What are the sales techniques opted by different types of retailers to retain their customers?

The retail sector has changed in a number of ways, which could be due to the fact that there is a lot of
technology in the retail trade, as well as more mergers and acquisitions among retail organisations, and
when there are changes in the economy in a country, whether it is a recession or a boom. As the retail
industry evolves, customers' expectations are changing, and as a result, customers' expectations are
tightening. Effective client service requires the following elements:

1. Respect: Recognizing that customers pay our wages and help the company make money!
Customers typically do not purchase items or services; rather, they purchase solutions to
business challenges. They make sure their eyes and ears are open when they listen. When
answering, they must answer in a considerably more positive manner. The company's success is
dependent on providing satisfactory service. Because their consumers value them, they can
trust them and still buy from them, these characteristics of excellent customer service help build
the retail organization's commerce tactics. There has been a shift in the retail business as a
result of the increased number of huge multiple retailers and fewer independent merchants.
Because a large number of businesses have been established, there will be a large number of
branches, causing the business to spread rapidly inside the streets of city centers, leaving no
place for any freelance retailers to operate, meaning that the freelance stores will be unable to
open stores. Corporations like &esca is an example. They place a high value on customer
happiness, and one of their objectives is to ensure that every customer that returns to buy has a
great experience. Within the business, and that each deity was purchased in good working
order, and that they were pleased with the staff's service. to ensure that effective customer
service is required in order for them to succeed Tesco should teach all of their employees so
that they can assist customers to the extent that they are satisfied, as well as deal with
consumer concerns rapidly so that customers feel respected and heard. They will be able to
reach a big number of clients as a result of this, and they will be able to exceed their
competitors. Employees who aren't trained to give exceptional customer service in order to
meet clients' needs, on the other hand, risk losing customers who will seek out other firms with
superior customer service. One way Tesco maintained their customer service was to introduce
self-checkouts so that customers would no longer have to wait in lines and could (must) use the
self-checkout, which would benefit them because it saves time and money, and Tesco would
need to maintain an honest client service because of this.
2. Reward: Customers nowadays have access to a wide range of retail stores as well as internet
possibilities, so reward them for their loyalty. If consumers keep coming back to your store, it
implies they believe in your brand. Reward such devoted consumers for every purchase they
make on a consistent basis.
 3. Get referrals from your current customers: You'll be able to kill two birds with one
stone if you use a referral program. You'll keep your present clients while also obtaining
new ones. Referrals are a wonderful choice if your margins are narrow and your
marketing budget is limited—32 percent of all verbal referrals result in sales. Customers
who refer their friends and family to your store should be rewarded. Offer both the
referral and the referee discounts on items or services, use gift cards, or thank them on
your website or social media page. Gift cards are utilised as an incentive for customer
recommendations by as many as 52 percent of firms, which may surprise you.
4. Provide a consistent experience across channels: Customers may do their research online
before making a purchase in person, or vice versa. And they're not likely to contact you again if
they notice inconsistencies in your business information, product catalogues, or prices. Focus on
creating a consistent experience across all marketing and sales channels, including your retail
outlet. If you give a consistent customer service experience, your firm will almost surely realise
better revenues and profitability. Customers that are satisfied with your service are more
inclined to purchase from you again. Do you require evidence? Companies that employ
multichannel customer engagement techniques retain 89 percent of their clients on average.
5. Keep in regular touch with your customers: Waiting for customers to contact you is a waste of
time. Make a concerted effort to communicate with them on a regular basis instead. Small
gestures such as a "hope you're safe" greeting, a "we miss you" note, or an email about new
releases or store-exclusive offers can help keep the channels of contact open. Social media,
emails, text messages, live chat, and other ways can be used to contact with clients on a
frequent basis. To prevent compromising their privacy, find out which channels they prefer to
be contacted through. Also, keep an eye on your communication frequency; sending too many
messages can upset your customers.
6. Gift Cards: In customer satisfaction gift cards play a good role. Customers tend to spend more
money when they have a gift card with them and gift card also allows customers discount for
their purchases.
7. Vouchers: They give discount to customers
8. Give Away: Is a best thing for the customer to make them happy and satisfied customers
9. Loyalty Cards: A loyalty card is a marketing strategy that encourages customers to keep
shopping at our business using the services of a company that is part of the program.

D2:

CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF SALES TECHNIQUES BEING USED BY ANY 2 TYPES OF RETAILERS
(YOU CAN PICK FROM THE RETAILERS YOU HAVE MENTIONED IN TASK 1, CRITICAL EVALUATION
MEANS DISCUSSING ITS BENEFITS AND CONS IN CONTEXT TO LITERATURE). TO RETAIN THEIR
CUSTOMER WHAT THEY DO AND WHAT ACTIONS CAN PROVE TO BE COSTLY FOR THEM. HOW DO YOU
THINK THEY CAN IMPROVE AND WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS CAN BE GIVEN TO THE RETAILERS?

Discount stores: They employ a variety of techniques, including offering discounts on items for sale in
the store, as well as marketing techniques such as social media advertising or any other type of giving
away vouchers to their loyal customers for even more discounts. However, giving away too many items
at a discount could be costly for them. However, they can improve by entering into a special agreement
or making some kind of contract to sell them things at a discount, allowing them to provide their
consumers even more discounts, resulting in more loyal consumers and delighted customers.

Street traders: They use techniques such as having a speaker on their cart or small shop to attract
attention, and they use posters to advertise their shops and carts in order to attract more customers.
One thing that could be costly for them is if the government forces them to leave their shops and carts
because they are street traders with no shop. However, if they can work within the confines of the law
and the government, their firm will thrive, just as it would if they had received a legal NOC from the
government to utilise that location for business purposes.

P4

Factors affecting Retailing:

PESTEL is an acronym for a company's macromarket evaluative methodologies. PESTLE addresses
political, economic, social, technical, environmental, and legal challenges.

Political factors
The retail industry is heavily influenced by political influences. To function properly, each organisation
needs a stable political climate. Each country has its own form of governance. A democratic framework
with more straightforward regulatory norms exists in some European and American countries. China, on
the other hand, has an autocratic government that pays little attention to regulations. Non-compliance
with policies leads to government action.

On the other hand, the connection between global firms like Wal-Mart, EU countries, and the United
Kingdom has lately been influenced by Brexit. Political shifts in other parts of the world take advantage
of global economic and retail markets.
Economic factor
Any organization's financial situation has a huge impact. The shape and activities of the multinational
organisation will be influenced by a variety of economic factors including changes in exchange rates, tax
rates, and income. A company's revenues and earnings in a retail store that sells products at a lower
price in various nations throughout the world are affected by changes in the exchange rate. Rising
commodity costs will come from higher exchange rates, putting further pressure on consumers. As a
result, client sales and revenue are reduced. The administration also evaluates each country's budgetary
policy on a regular basis. This will have a substantial influence on the firm because not all tax rules
favour multinational enterprises. Individual income levels differ by country, which may have an impact
on sales trends when people pick the purchasing power of a country. As a result, it is critical to
investigate and comprehend the economics and fiscal structure of the country in which it wishes to
develop operations.

Socio-Cultural factors
Multinational enterprises are affected by a social and cultural dimension. Diverse countries have
different societal systems, tastes, faiths, interests, people, and values. Many retailers lose trillions of
dollars as a result of their customers' rejection of their socio-cultural behaviours. According to Guo &
Gallo 2017, a multinational brand's success depends on knowing the requirements of the local people.

Technological factors
Technology places a time limit on things. The capacity to successfully use technology is critical to every
company's success. For the majority of their services, many merchants have effectively adopted
automation and robotics technology, which can assist with anything from order processing to sorting
and packaging. Furthermore, the use of cellphones has skyrocketed, allowing customers to locate the
nearest store or make an online purchase. It would be even better if there were other competitors vying
for the market.

Environmental factors
Climate change is a factor in PESTEL research. Products that are good for the environment are used and
sold. The majority of retailers are now concentrating on initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Another way to protect the environment is to use distributors.

Legal factors
Each country, unlike other countries, has its unique set of laws. Every foreign company must follow the
laws of the nations in which it conducts business. Employment law, labour law, commercial law,
environmental health and safety law, and so on are all examples of legal issues. Dealers must accept the
fact that their items violate the country's norms and international law, which could lead to legal action.
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