PLANT PEPTIDE MIMICRY: HOW

PHYTONEMATODES OUTSMARTS PLANTS

A SEMINAR REPORT

SUBMITED BY

IGWEGBE, ADACHUKWU FAVOUR

2018 204 257DE
TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
CHUKWUEMEKA ODUMEGWU
OJUKWU UNIVERSITY

SUPERVISOR: PROF. C.B. LUKONG

APRIL, 2021

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 PLANT PEPTIDE MIMICRY: HOW
PHYTONEMATODES OUTSMARTS PLANTS

A SEMINAR REPORT

SUBMITED BY

IGWEGBE, ADACHUKWU FAVOUR

2018 204 257DE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENNTS FOR THE AWARD OF
THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE (B.Sc.) IN BIOCHEMISTRY
TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
CHUKWUEMEKA ODUMEGWU
OJUKWU UNIVERSITY

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in the seminar report titled:
PLANT PEPTIDE MIMICRY: HOW PHYTONEMATODES OUTSMRTS
PLANTS by IGWEGBE, ADACHUKWU FAVOUR, 2018 204 257DE in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.)
in the Department of Biochemistry at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
University is an authentic record of my own work carried out under the supervision
of Prof. C.B. LUKONG. The ideas obtained from other direct or indirect sources
have been indicated clearly.

This work has not been submitted by me in any other university \institute for the
award of any degree or diploma.

………………… ………………
IGWEGBE, ADACHUKWU FAVOUR Date
(Student)

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the seminar work titled “PLANT PEPTIDE MIMICRY:
HOW PHYTONEMATODES OUTSMRTS PLANTS” submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) in the
Department of Biochemistry at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, is a
bona fide work carried out by IGWEGBE, ADACHUKWU FAVOUR, 2018 204
257DE and has been completed successfully under my supervision. The assistance
and help received during the course of this investigation have been acknowledged.

This work has not been previously formed the basis for the award of any degree or
diploma or certificate nor has been submitted elsewhere for the award of any
degree or diploma.

……………………………….. ………………
PROF. C.B. LUKONG Date
Supervisor
……………………………… ………………
PROF. C.B. LUKONG Date
Seminar coordinator

………………………….. ……………
ASSO.PROF.A.C. NWAKA Date

HOD

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 DEDICATION
I dedicate this seminar report to God Almighty, who saw me through my
seminar report and ordered my steps all the way. I also dedicate this report
to my family.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my guide Prof. C.B.
Lukong of the Department of Biochemistry, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
University, for his unflagging support and continuous encouragement throughout
the seminar work. Without his guidance and persistence help this report would not
have been possible.

I must acknowledge the staffs of Biochemistry department, Chukwuemeka

Odumegwu Ojukwu University. It is my great pleasure to acknowledge my mates
for the encouragement they have given to me, I am especially grateful to my
friends.

IGWEGBE, ADACHUKWU FAVOUR

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 ABSTRACT

Molecular, genetic, and biochemical studies are demonstrating an increasingly

important role of peptide signaling in nematode parasitism of plants. To date, the
majority of nematode-secreted peptides identified share similarity with plant
CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE) peptides, but bioinformatics analyses of nematode
genomes have revealed sequences homologous to other classes of plant peptide
hormones that may be utilized by these pests. Extracellular host receptors for
secreted nematode peptides are beginning to be identified and their roles in
parasitism elucidated. Several strategies are being used to exploit this information
to provide new targets for engineering nematode resistance. Nematodes that
parasitize plant roots cause huge economic losses and have few mechanisms for
control. Many parasitic nematodes infect plants by reprogramming root
development to drive the formation of feeding structures. How nematodes take
control of plant development is largely unknown. GrCLE1, secreted by the potato
cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. GrCLE1 is correctly processed to an
active form by host plant proteases. Processed GrCLE1 peptides bind directly to
the plant CLE receptors CLV2, BAM1, and BAM2. Involvement of these receptors
in the ligand-mimicking process is also supported by the fact that the ability of
GrCLE1 peptides to alter plant root development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis
thaliana) is dependent on these receptors.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Declaration
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
List of figure
List of table
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER TWO
PEPTIDE, PLANT PEPTIDE AND PEPTIDOMIMETIC
2.1 PEPTIDE

2.1.1 NATURAL PEPTIDE

2.2 PLANT PEPTIDE

2.3 PEPTIDOMIMETIC

2.4 NEMATODE

CHAPTER THREE
PLANT – NEMATODE INTERACTIONS
3.1 PLANT -NEMATODE INTERACTIONS
3.2 PLANT NEMATODE CONTROL

3.3 NEMATODE MIMIC PLANT PEPTIDE

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3.3.1 MECHANISM OF MIMICKING PLANT PEPTIDE BY NEMATODE

CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION

4.1 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

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 LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1: Page
Nematode: Tiny worm 13

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 LIST OF TABLE

Table 1: Page

Plant peptides in plant defense responses

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