PRONOUNS

Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns: agreement with
generic nouns & indefinite pronouns
Personal pronouns: agreement with
collective nouns
Reflexive pronouns
Forms of other
Common expressions with other
1/27/2021 Grammar 1 – Designed by Tran Phuong Linh 1
 Personal pronouns
Subject Object Possessive Possessive
pronouns pronouns pronouns adjective
S+V V/ Prep + O S/ O Adj + N

Singular I me mine my name

you you yours your name
he, she, it him, her, it his, hers, its his, her, its name

Plural we us ours our names

you you yours your names
they them theirs their names

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 Personal pronouns

e.g.,
- I read some books. They were good.
(antecedent)
- John works in my office. I know him well.
(antecedent)

- Her book is here. Yours is over there.

- That book is hers. Yours is here.

1/27/2021 Grammar 1 – Designed by Tran Phuong Linh 3
 Personal pronouns: agreement with
generic nouns & indefinite pronouns
Generic nouns Indefinite pronouns
A GENERIC NOUN: not refers to Indefinite pronouns:
any particular person or thing, but everyone, everybody, everything
represents a whole group someone, somebody, something
anyone, anybody, anything
 A student should always do his no one, nobody, nothing
(or her) assignments.

 Somebody left his book on the

desk.
* To avoid problems with  Everyone has his or her own
masculine or feminine pronouns ideas.
 Students should always do  Somebody left their book on the
their assignments. desk. (informal)
1/27/2021 Grammar 1 – Designed by Tran Phuong Linh 4
 Personal pronouns: agreement
with collective nouns
Common collective nouns: audience, class, committee,
couple, crowd, faculty, family, government, group, public, staff,
team

- When referring to a single impersonal unit  it/ its

e.g., My family is large. It is composed of nine members.

- When referring to a collection of various individuals  they/

them/ their
e.g., My family is loving and supportive. They are always
ready to help me.
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 Reflexive pronouns
Subject Object pronouns Reflexive pronouns
pronouns V/ Prep + O (O of the same S/
S+V for emphasis)

Singular I me myself
you you yourself
he, she, it him, her, it himself, herself, itself

Plural we us ourselves
you you yourselves
they them themselves

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 Reflexive pronouns
- Used as the object of the same subject in a sentence.
e.g.,
I saw myself in the mirror. I looked at myself for a long time.
S O S O
(I saw me in the mirror.)

- Used for emphasis: immediately following a noun or pronoun; or

coming at the end of the clause
e.g., I myself emailed the report to Mr. Lee.
= I emailed the report to Mr. Lee myself.

* by + a reflexive pronoun: alone

e.g., Anna lives by herself.
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 Forms of Other
Adjective + N Pronoun

Singular another book (is) another (is)

the other book (is) the other (is)

Plural other books (are) others (are)

the other books (are) the others (are)

another + Vsing
anothers >< other(s)

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 Forms of Other
MEANINGS
- another: “one more in addition to/ different from the one(s) mentioned.”
- other(s): “several more in addition to/ different from the one(s) mentioned.”
e.g., The students in the class come from many countries. One of the
students is from Mexico. Another student is from Iraq. Another is from
Japan. Other students are from Brazil. Others are from Algeria.
- the other(s): “all that remains from a given number; the rest of a specific
group.”
e.g., I have 3 books. Two are mine. The other book/ The other is yours.
I have 3 books. One is mine. The other books/ The others are yours.

*** another + expressions of time/ money/ distance: “an additional”

 I will be here for another three years.
 I need another five dollars.
 We drove another ten miles.
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 Common expressions with Other

(a)Mike and I write to each other every week.

We write to one another every week.
(a reciprocal relationship)

(b) Please write on every other line. (alternate)

(c) Have you seen Ali recently?

Yes. I saw him just the other day. (the recent past)

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 Common expressions with Other

(d) The ducklings walked in a line behind the mother duck.

Then the mother duck slipped into the pond. The ducklings
followed her. They slipped into the water one after the other.
(e) They slipped into the water one after another.
(separate actions occurring very close in time)

(f) No one knows my secret other than/ except (for) Rosa.

(other than used after negative = “except”)

(g) Fruit & vegetables are full of vitamins & minerals. In other
words, they are good for you. (clearer explanation)
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