The Organization of Matter

Matter

Mixtures: Pure Substances

a) Homogeneous (Solutions)
b) Heterogeneous
Elements Compounds

Atoms

Nucleus Electrons

Protons Neutrons

Quarks Quarks
 Phase
Differences

Solid – definite volume and shape; particles packed

in fixed positions.
Liquid – definite volume but indefinite shape;
particles close together but not in fixed positions
Gas – neither definite volume nor definite shape;
particles are at great distances from one another
Plasma – high temperature, ionized phase of matter
as found on the sun.
Properties of Matter
Extensive properties depend on the amount
of matter that is present.
Volume
Mass
Energy Content (think Calories!)
Intensive properties do not depend on the
amount of matter present.
Melting point
Boiling point
Density
 Separation of a Mixture

The constituents of the mixture retain

their identity and may be separated
by physical means.
Separation of a Mixture

The components of
dyes such as ink
may be separated
by paper
chromatography.
 Separation of a
Mixture by Distillation
 Separation of a Compound
The Electrolysis of water
Compounds must be
separated by
chemical means.

With the application

of electricity, water
can be separated into
its elements

Reactant  Products
Water  Hydrogen + Oxygen
2 H 2O  2 H2 + O2