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Machine Design and CAD-I (Lab Report)

Submitted by:
Sr. no. Reg. no. Name
1 2018-ME-175 Muhammad Ali
2 2018-ME-176 Ahmad Khan
3 2018-ME-164 Muhammad Awais
4 2018-ME-167 Zeeshan Ayub
5 2018-ME-183 Muhammad Usman
6 2018-ME-190 Usman Aziz
7 2018-ME-195 Muhammad Afzal
8 2018-ME-194 Zakir Hussain
Section-D
Submitted to:
Dr. Syed Saqib

Department of Mechanical Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore

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Contents
Introduction to V6 two turbo engine: ........................................................................................................... 6
Design of modern V6 twin turbo engine: ..................................................................................................... 6
1. Piston Head: .......................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1. Design:........................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2. Commands Used: ........................................................................................................................ 10
1.3. Applications: ............................................................................................................................... 11
2. Connecting Rod: .................................................................................................................................. 11
2.1. Design:......................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2. Commands Used: ........................................................................................................................ 15
2.3. Applications: ............................................................................................................................... 15
3. Oil Pan: ................................................................................................................................................ 15
3.1. Design:......................................................................................................................................... 16
3.2. Commands Used: ........................................................................................................................ 22
3.3. Applications: ............................................................................................................................... 22
4. Camshaft: ............................................................................................................................................ 22
4.1. Design:......................................................................................................................................... 22
4.2. Commands Used: ........................................................................................................................ 25
4.3. Applications: ............................................................................................................................... 25
5. Bushing:............................................................................................................................................... 25
5.1. Design:......................................................................................................................................... 25
5.2. Commands: ................................................................................................................................. 27
5.3. Applications: ............................................................................................................................... 27
6. Cam Retainer:...................................................................................................................................... 27
6.1. Design:......................................................................................................................................... 27
6.2. Commands: ................................................................................................................................. 29
7. Front cover: ......................................................................................................................................... 29
7.1. Design: ......................................................................................................................................... 30
7.2. Commands: ................................................................................................................................. 33
8. Cylinder head: ..................................................................................................................................... 33
8.1. Kinds of Cylinder Heads: .............................................................................................................. 33
8.2. Design: ......................................................................................................................................... 34
8.3. Commands: ................................................................................................................................. 38

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9. Air Filter: .............................................................................................................................................. 38
9.1. Design: ......................................................................................................................................... 38
9.2. Commands: ................................................................................................................................. 41
9.3. Applications: ................................................................................................................................ 41
10. Bushing: ........................................................................................................................................... 41
10.1. Design: ..................................................................................................................................... 41
10.2. Commands: ............................................................................................................................. 43
10.3. Applications: ............................................................................................................................ 43
11. Air Turbo:......................................................................................................................................... 43
11.1. Design: ..................................................................................................................................... 43
11.2. Commands: ............................................................................................................................. 46
11.3. Applications: ............................................................................................................................ 46
12. Spring: ............................................................................................................................................. 46
12.1. Kinds of spring ......................................................................................................................... 46
Compression spring: ............................................................................................................................... 47
Expansion spring: .................................................................................................................................... 47
Twist spring: ............................................................................................................................................ 47
12.2. Design:..................................................................................................................................... 47
12.3. Commands: ............................................................................................................................. 56
13. Intake manifold: .............................................................................................................................. 57
13.1. Design:..................................................................................................................................... 57
13.2. Commands: ............................................................................................................................. 63
14. Rocker body: ................................................................................................................................... 63
14.1. Design:..................................................................................................................................... 63
14.2. Commands: ............................................................................................................................. 68
15. Belt Gear:......................................................................................................................................... 68
15.1. Design: ..................................................................................................................................... 69
15.2. Commands Used: .................................................................................................................... 72
15.3. Applications ............................................................................................................................. 72
16. Crankshaft: ...................................................................................................................................... 72
16.1. Design: ..................................................................................................................................... 73
16.2. Commands Used ..................................................................................................................... 76
16.3. Applications: ............................................................................................................................ 76

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17. Engine Block .................................................................................................................................... 77
17.1. Design ...................................................................................................................................... 77
17.2. Commands Used ..................................................................................................................... 81
17.3. Applications ............................................................................................................................. 81
18. Valves cover: ................................................................................................................................... 81
18.1. Design:..................................................................................................................................... 81
18.2. Commands used:..................................................................................................................... 84
19. Rocker Roller: .................................................................................................................................. 84
19.1. Design:..................................................................................................................................... 85
19.2. Application: ............................................................................................................................. 87
Assembly: .................................................................................................................................................... 87
Rendering: ................................................................................................................................................... 90

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Introduction to V6 two turbo engine:
A V6 engine is basically employs 6 cylinders pistons mounted on a common crankshaft in a formation of
V. it was first manufactured in 1906 but introduction to market was delayed until 1950. They are highly
efficient and produce more brake power than an inline 6 engine but they can cause more vibrations and
due that fact they are not preferred for sports cars.
Modern V6 engine has displacement around 2.5-3.5 L (153-214 cu in).

Design of modern V6 twin turbo engine:

Following component are designed and assembled to final V6 engine.

1. Piston Head:

The head of the piston is its upper surface (closest to the cylinder head), which is subjected to tremendous
forces and heat during normal mechanical operation. The piston pin hole is a hole in the side of the piston
that is perpendicular to the piston travel that the piston pin receives.

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1.1. Design:

➢ Select a plane and make an L-shape sketch.

➢ Go to the features and give it a revolved boss cut.

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➢ Go to the section view using line feature make lines and about the center axis give the cut
revolve feature.

➢ Come to the normal of the specified surface, make the specified sketch and give it an extrude
cut.

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➢ Make fillet on the surface as shown of 25-inch size.

➢ Come to the normal of bottom surface and make the specified sketch.

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➢ Extrude the sketch and give fillet to the bottom surface.
➢ Come to normal of the sketch and make a circle to cut extrude as shown.

➢ The piston head will be modeled as shown in the screenshot.

1.2. Commands Used:

• Extruded Boss and cut

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 • Revolved bass boss

1.3. Applications:

When the air-fuel mixture is ignited, pressure from the combustion gases is applied to the piston head,
forcing the piston towards the crankshaft. The compressed gases also travel through the gap between the
cylinder wall and the piston into the piston ring cavity.

2. Connecting Rod:

This allows the power generated at the combustion site to be transmitted to the running gears of the
engine. The connecting rod, also called the con rod, is part of the piston engine that connects the piston
to the crankshaft. Along with the crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the
piston into the crankshaft rotation.

2.1. Design:

➢ Select an axis with respect to any plane.

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➢ Draw the sketch with appropriate dimensions as shown in the above screenshot.

➢ Use Trim Entities command to give the sketch above shape.

➢ As the sketch is formed, now go to the boss extrude command and extrude out the sketch.

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➢ Come to the normal of the specified surface and make a circle sketch.

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➢ Extrude out the sketch as shown and later on make hole inside as shown above via Extrude cut
feature.

➢ Make the rectangular sketch on the specified plane.

➢ Use extrude cut command to make the above shape.

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 2.2. Commands Used:
• Extruded Boss and cut
• Hole wizard

2.3. Applications:

Connecting rods are used in many situations, usually in the engines of vehicles. The connecting rods
connect the crankshaft with the pistons and are essential for the proper operation of the internal
combustion engine. The purpose of the connecting rod is to provide fluid movement between the pistons
and the crankshaft.

Connection rods are widely used in vehicles powered by internal combustion engines. All cars and trucks
that use this type of engine use connecting rods. Farm equipment such as tractors and combos also use
connecting rods. Construction equipment such as bulldozers also use internal combustion engines, thus
requiring connecting rods.

3. Oil Pan:

The oil pan is connected by a bolt to the bottom of the engine and is a reservoir for oil, which drives the
clean, cold moving parts throughout the engine. A pump forces oil from the vessel through a filter, which
removes dirt and other debris before it can flow through the machine.

The pan is usually made of steel or aluminum and usually contains four to six quarts of oil depending on
the machine. The oil dipstick measures the amount of oil in the reservoir extending into the oil pan. A
drain plug can be removed from the bottom to drain the oil.

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3.1. Design:

➢ Select a plane.
➢ Make a rectangle and extrude it via boss extrude and give it specific dimensions.
➢ Later on use draft feature and give it a draft of 15 degrees.

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➢ Go to the normal of drafted surface and make the above sketch.

➢ Go to extrude cut feature and the specified model will be made.

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➢ Give fillets to the corner sides of oil pan.

➢ Come to the normal plane of the top plane surface and draw the above specified sketch.

➢ Go to hole specifications and make holes as shown above.

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➢ Here the bolts that are to be formed later are being specified.
➢ Give Fillets on the holes surface for even stress distribution.

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➢ Select the top surface and later on select the shell feature.

➢ After using the shell feature the above shape is obtained.

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➢ Come to the normal of the surface, make the sketch and give it an extrude cut.

➢ Give fillets to the inner side of the oil pan.

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 3.2. Commands Used:
• Extruded Boss and cut
• Hole wizard
• Shell
• Linear Pattern

3.3. Applications:

Oil leaks are common as engines accumulate oil, and oil tanks can be a source of leaks or steam. Gaskets
or seals installed at the point where the pan attaches to the engine module may allow wear and tear.
Drain inserts can leak if they are too tight or, in some cases, the washers are not replaced when the oil is
changed.

Pans can also be damaged when a vehicle goes on the road (whether intentional or accidental) and hits a
rock or other hard object.

4. Camshaft:
A camshaft could be a turning object— ordinarily made of metal— that contains pointed cams, which
changes over rotational movement to corresponding movement. Camshafts are utilized in inside
combustion motors (to function the admissions and debilitate valves), mechanically controlled start
frameworks and early electric engine speed controllers. Camshafts in automobiles are made from steel
or cast press, and are a key calculate in deciding the RPM extend of an engine's control band.

The camshaft employments flaps (called cams) that give a thrust against the valves to open them as the
camshaft rotates; springs on the valves return them to their closed position. ... Usually a basic work and
can have an incredible effect on an engine's execution at diverse speeds.

4.1. Design:
➢ First, we draw a circle of 25.40mm and then draw another small circle and then use the trim
entity and extrude it to make cam.

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➢ Then we use the linear pattern to make it long

➢ Now take the axis from reference geometry on cam. Then go to option surface and then copy
and move the cam at 180deg.

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 4.2. Commands Used:
• Extruded Boss
• Reference Geometry
• Move Copy
• Linear Pattern

4.3. Applications:
• Camshafts are used in internal combustion engines (to operate the intake and exhaust valves)
• Camshafts in automobiles are a key factor in determining the RPM range of engine’s power
band
• They are used in loom machines
• Cams used in cars

5. Bushing:
A sort of bearing, a round and hollow lining outlined to diminish grinding and wear interior a gap,
frequently utilized as a casing for a shaft, stick or pivot.

How does a bushing work? Bushings, moreover called sleeve heading, are fair one particular sort of
heading. They are made to slide over poles to supply an amazingly low-friction movement. They are
fabulous for shock absorption and work to play down vitality utilization, commotion, and wear.

5.1. Design:
➢ First, we draw the 2 circles of radius 127mm and 76.2mm and then extrude them

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➢ After that go to offset entity and increase small radial length and then extrude it.

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 5.2. Commands:
• Extruded boss
• Offset Entity

5.3. Applications:
• Bushings are used to reduce friction between to surfaces sliding against each other

• Bushings are widely used for heavy duty wheels that require high load bearing tolerances

6. Cam Retainer:
This is used to retain the cam in its position.

6.1. Design:
➢ Draw a rectangle and then draw a circle on one side of rectangle. Then extrude it to mid plane.

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➢ Select one side and normal it and sketch a center line

➢ After that go to the option hole wizard and make 2 holes on sides.

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 6.2. Commands:
• Extruded Boss
• Hole wizard
7. Front cover:
The front motor spread seal is situated between the circumstance spread and the motor square. It keeps
oil from spilling out when it circles and greases up the circumstance chain. The front motor spread holds
the front driving rod seal, and shields the circumstance chains from soil and garbage. It is rushed set up
and utilizes a seal to forestall oil misfortune. As the circumstance chain pivots, it gets oil from the base
of the motor and conveys it up its connects to the head of the chain, looking after oil. Similar to the case
with all gaskets and seals, on the off chance that you own your vehicle sufficiently long, the seal will

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weaken and start to spill inevitably. Liquid holes ought to never be disregarded. Any sort of liquid hole is
motivation to have your vehicle looked at by one of our master mechanics. Inability to manage a front
motor spread seal hole could bring about driving rod harm.

7.1. Design:
➢ At first select an appropriate plane and then draw a semicircle on it.
➢ After it from one of its ends. Extends the line outwards.

➢ Then from the top of it, draw a line in the way that create another semi-circle. From the ending
point of that line. And then extends the line backwards.

➢ Give a suitable dimension from the option (SMART DIMENSIONING)

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➢ After giving the appropriate dimensions then extrude all the selected portion by using extrusion
command.

➢ Also, from one of its side, draw a circle on its one of side.

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➢ Then by dimensioning as you see in figure,

➢ Then after using fillet, extrusion commands then our part is made.

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 7.2. Commands:
• Extruded Boss and cut

8. Cylinder head:
A chamber head is generally situated on the head of the motor square. It fills in as a lodging for
segments, for example, the admission and fumes valves, springs and lifters and the ignition chamber.
This page covers the primary capacity and different plans of chamber heads, and their causes and
indications of disappointment. The sections in the chamber head permit air and fuel to stream inside the
chamber while allowing the fumes gases to stream out of it. The sections are in any case called ports or
parcels. The chamber head additionally channels the coolant into the motor square, in this way chilling
off the motor parts. The chamber head utilizes a gasket that guides in keeping water or oil from spilling
into the burning chambers.

8.1. Kinds of Cylinder Heads:

Flathead Cylinder Heads:

These were the main kind of chamber heads. Flathead chamber heads essentially secure the chamber
impede and have no moving parts. These chamber heads don't consider a proficient wind current, and in
this manner give a helpless motor execution.

Overhead Valve Cylinder Heads:

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These chambers heads are better than flathead chamber heads. Overhead valve chamber heads have
the camshafts above them. These heads have their pushrods and valves associated with give a smooth
wind stream.

Overhead Camshaft Cylinder Heads:

These are the most developed plans of chamber heads. Overhead camshaft chamber heads have the
camshafts inside the chamber head, killing the need of pushrods. This gives a superior wind stream, and
thus, builds the effectiveness of the motor.

8.2. Design:
➢ Select an appropriate plane.

➢ Then after selecting an appropriate plane, draw a circle on one of its side.

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➢ Also, draw circles on the plane by selecting an appropriate plane.

➢ And then step by step, draw circles and give dimensions to it. And also, selecting one circle and
draw two circles with proper dimension. And also, give them proper dimensioning.

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➢ After extrusion, such type of part is made.

➢ Now, keep some dimensioning. After dimensioning, we just adjust our part.

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➢ Now, select a rectangle or square shape region beneath the total shape.

➢ After using fillet and extrusion commands.

➢ Now, the cylinder head is ready.

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 8.3. Commands:
• Extruded Boss
• Lofted bass boss
• Linear pattern
• Reference geometry
• Hole wizard

9. Air Filter:
It prevents dust, dirt and other miscellaneous environmental contaminants from entering the engine.

9.1. Design:
➢ We made a center line and two other lines to get a view like this

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➢ Then we used mirror entities command at the center line and selected a reference plane at a
given distance.
➢ Then we used to convert entity command on the center line, made two lines similarly and
applied mirror entity to get a view like this

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➢ Then we applied loft boss command at both 2d figures to get a 3d figure like this

➢ Then we applied circular pattern command with 360° and 20 pieces.

➢ Then we used shell command from surface to other surface to get a hollow piece like this

➢ Then from both end surface and extrude them then applied fillet at extruded circles.

➢ at last we made a circle at the bigger end surface and give it and extrude cut and our final piece
is like

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 9.2. Commands:
• Mirror entity
• Reference plane
• Loft boss
• Circular pattern
• Shell
• Offset entity
• Convert entity
• Extrude cut
9.3. Applications:
• Improving occupant breathable environment
• Elimination or minimizing the fire hazard
• Air filters are required for many of the processes in the production of automobiles.
• Filtering or removing airborne particle that can damage micro electronic devices

10. Bushing:
It is plain bearing that is used to support shaft and operates with sliding motion.

10.1. Design:
➢ First of all, we made two circles of different radius

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➢ The we used to extrude command to give it desired thickness

➢ The we used offset entity command at a given distance and then from convert entity command
give it a desired thickness.

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 10.2. Commands:
• Extrude
• Offset entity
• Convert entity

10.3. Applications:
• Rotary bushings are commonly used to support and guide shank type holders.
• A rotary bushing can usually be incorporated by simply removing the liner and drill bushing
from the bushing plate and replacing it with a rotary bushing.
• They eliminate the wear of the holder pilot diameter, whether this surface is bronze, carbide,
or hardened steel wear strips.

11. Air Turbo:

It is used to harness the energy from exhaust gasses and it has a convolute shape it compresses and
expands the exhaust gases.

11.1. Design:
➢ Used curves command to make a spiral
➢ Selected a reference plane at starting point of spiral and
made two rectangles

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➢ Used loft base command at rectangles and spiral

➢ Selected reference at end spiral surface and

made a circle on that plane.
➢ Then we used boundary boss command between circle and end surface of spiral and by convert
entities command extruded it to a given distance.
➢ Then used shell command from start to end surface

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 .

➢ Then we hided the Used loft base command at rectangles and spiral outer section and applied
the planar surface command to top and bottom surfaces.

➢ Then from front plane we made a circle and applied extrude command with thin feature.

➢ At last using convert entity command to extrude circle from front and back surface to give it a
final touch
➢ Then applied fillet to whole section at variable radius.

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 11.2. Commands:
• Curve
• Loft boss
• Boundary boss
• Offset entity
• Convert entity
• Extrude cut
11.3. Applications:
• Air turbo is a pump that forces more air into engine.
• As exhaust gas leaves the turbine it drives the engine which Turns the compressor pulling in
air.
• Oil passes through turbo providing vital lubrication.
• Air turbo can significantly increase engines power without increasing its weight.

12.Spring:

A valve spring is a spring that profits a poppet valve to its shut position. The valve spring is a loop spring
used to hold the valve in a shut position. The valve spring must be sufficiently able to keep the lifter in
contact with the camshaft projection consistently.

A valve spring's responsibility is to keep in touch between the cam supporter and cam projection all
through the movement of opening and shutting.

12.1. Kinds of spring

There are numerous kinds of springs. In any case, I examine just three primary sorts,

• Compression Springs

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 • Extension Springs
• Torsion Springs

Compression spring:
Pressure spring are helically curled wires intended to give a contradicting power when compacted.
Under expanding load, the space between curls closes until the spring's compacted length is reached,
when the loops contact.

Expansion spring:
Expansion springs are helically snaked wires intended to give a restricting power when extended. Key
particulars incorporate the spring rate, helix type, spring closes type, wire measurement, material, and
free and greatest broadened lengths.

Twist spring:
Twist Spring are helical or level winding curls or strips used to apply or oppose force loads. Key
determinations incorporate the spring rate, spring closes type, wire width, material, and the force rating
at a known position.

12.2. Design:

➢ Draw a hover for spring

➢ Select a correct plane and draw a hover of width 60mm

➢ Draw a circle of appropriate radius.

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➢ Select the circle and go to curves-> helix and spiral

➢ As the pitch and height is given, select it.

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➢ Enter height as 98, pitch 9.9 and starting angle as 180 degree

➢ Select front plane and draw sketch as shown in figure

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➢ Now we have to join the helix and the last drawn sketch. To joining, we have to use 3d sketch.

➢ Select spline from draw toolbar

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➢ Join two endpoints using spline

➢ To maintain the proper shape, we have to adjust both control point. Select first control point and
click on "along x"

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➢ Similarly select second point and click on "along y" in add relations and exit from sketch.
➢ Draw a sketch on front plane as shown in figure Join sketch and helix

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➢ Join all the sketches
➢ Now we have to join all the sketches to make smooth path

• Go to Curves-> Composite curve

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• Select all the sketches and click ok

• Go to sweep

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• Click on circle. the profile that is created.

• Select diameter and set path as 10mm and click ok

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12.3. Commands:

• Helix and spiral

• swept bass boss

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 • spline

13. Intake manifold:

The essential capacity of the admission complex is to equally convey the burning blend (or simply air in an
immediate infusion motor) to every admission port in the chamber head(s). Indeed, even conveyance is
imperative to advance the proficiency and execution of the motor. It might likewise fill in as a mount for
the carburetor, choke proper plane body, fuel injectors and different segments of the motor.

13.1. Design:

➢ Select appropriate plane.

➢ Now draw the rectangles with dimensioning as you see in pic.

➢ Now, using curve tool we give a circular shape at their ends of a rectangle.

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➢ Now, did the same thing in this part, also draw another top plane on that pre-existing plane.

➢ Now, using move tool to see all the shape.

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➢ Using spline and curve tool from the drobox. And after selecting the whole shape. Click ok.

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➢ After dimensioning.

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➢ Now, using fillet tool, and also we use the circular tool to give circle shape.

➢ After using the extruded tool.

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 13.2. Commands:

• Extruded bass boss and cut

• Lofted bass boss
• Shell

14. Rocker body:

A rocker board is a stepped steel piece that is a vital aspect of your vehicle's body structure. ... On unibody
autos where the body and casing of the vehicle are one, rocker boards give the basic support that shields
the base of the vehicle from listing in the center.

14.1. Design:

➢ At first draw a circle with appropriate radius.

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➢ Then form the center of circle, draw a straight line towards origin.

➢ By using the option of smart dimensioning, we select the appropriate dimension and then click ok
.

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➢ Labeling is shown about the height, base, length.

➢ Then after, it we draw a rectangular like shape by selecting the overall shape on a pre-existing
shape.

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➢ Now, after it by using tools pf fillet and extruded tool we draw this type of shape.

➢ Then draw two rectangles, o it and then use fillet tool and extrusion from the draw tool bar as
well as the drop box.

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➢ Then after it, the desired part is as shown in pic.

➢ Then by using smart dimensioning tool.

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 ➢ After extrusion, the desired part is:

14.2. Commands:

• Extruded bass and cut

• Chamfer

15. Belt Gear:

The gear on a motor shaft is often small and has fewer teeth than the one on the machine shaft. The
speed ratio is

R = NL (teeth on large gear) /NS (teeth on smaller gear),

If the big gear has 50 teeth and therefore the small one has 25, the speed ratio is 2:1, and also the machine
shaft turns once for 2 turns of the motor shaft. Speed is reduced but force is increased.

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A gear basically does follow things:

• Increase speed: If you connect two gears together and the first one has more teeth than the other
(generally meaning it is a bigger-sized wheel), the second must turn round much faster in order to keep
up. this suggests that the second wheel turns faster than the primary but with decreased force. Gear with
more teeth (with 50 teeth) would make the smaller wheel (with 25 teeth) go twice as fast but with half
the maximum amount force.

• Change direction: When two gears mesh together, the second always turns within the other direction.
If first wheel rotates clockwise, second wheel will rotate counter-clockwise.

15.1. Design:

➢ Select an axis with respect to top and right plane.

➢ Draw the sketch with appropriate dimensions. Use “Revolved Boss/Base” command with the axis
selected.

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➢ Draw the following sketch on top of the surface with given dimension and use “extruded cut”
command

➢ Use the “circular pattern” command with respect to the axis and obtain 22 teeth on the surface.

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➢ Draw the following sketch with given dimensions and mirror this sketch with center line passing
through center of gear.

➢ Use “Revolved Boss/Base” command with the above sketch to get the following design.

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 15.2. Commands Used:

• Revolved Boss/Base
• Extruded Cut
• Circular Pattern
• Mirror Entities

15.3. Applications
• Belt drives are used mainly for industrial applications. These applications include: Mining,
construction, agriculture, and in heating, ventilation and AC systems.

• Gear belts are used on lawn mowers because they bend backward round the idler gear.
• They are also used on motorcycles, bicycles, snowmobiles, etc. And for driving various
components like alternators, A/C compressors on your car engine, etc, but also to make sure
all valves are in sync with the engine’s firing order, i.e. the timing belt. Also, for vacuum
cleaners and various appliances.

16. Crankshaft:
Crankshaft: It is an engine component which can convert linear or reciprocating motion into the rotary
motion of the wheel axis. It is the main component of the engine that rotates and is made of ductile iron
or low carbon steel. Greater the stroke, greater the distance the piston moves.

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16.1. Design:
➢ Draw the following sketch with given dimensions and trim the inner lines

.
➢ Use “extruded Boss/Base” Command to

➢ obtain the following figure.

➢ Obtain the following with the help of extrusion.

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➢ Use three-point arc with given dimension and draw a rectangle next to the arc. Perform
an “extruded cut” command to get smooth surface. Repeat this for the top.

➢ Use the mirror command to mirror the bodies.

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➢ Select an axis and use the “move features” command to rotate the center crank by
120°. Similarly rotate corner crank by -120°.

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 ➢ Use extruded boss/base to on the corner edge surfaces to obtain the final crankshaft
design.

16.2. Commands Used

• Extruded Boss/base
• Three-point arc
• Extruded Cut
• Mirror features
• Move/copy features

16.3. Applications:

The use of the crankshaft:

• Converts reciprocating motion of the pistons to rotary motion.

• Keeps the pistons from crashing into the cylinder head and from falling out the bottom of the
bores.
• In a multi cylinder engine ensures that the pistons reach top dead center at an appropriate time
(not all pistons have the same apex timing but most are in pairs).

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 17. Engine Block

The engine block has all the main parts that make up the bottom of the motor. The crankshaft spins here,
and the pistons move up and down in the cylinder bores, fired by the fuel combusting. On some engine
designs, it also holds the camshaft.

17.1. Design
➢ Draw the following Sketch with given dimensions and extrude with midpoint plane.

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➢ Draw three equal circles on top of the surface and use “extruded cut” command to obtain the
following figure.

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➢ Draw the following sketch and use “extruded cut” command to obtain following figure.

➢ Use the mirror command to obtain the design on both sides.

➢ Next, we use the “copy/move features” to rotate the current model by 180° to obtain the
following design.

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➢ Draw the following sketch according to dimensions and use extruded cut command.

➢ Finally, Use the fillet feature command to smooth the edges and obtain the final design.

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 17.2. Commands Used
• Extruded Boss/Base
• Extruded Cut
• Mirror Features
• Copy/Move Features
• Fillet

17.3. Applications
Its purpose is to support the engine components. Additionally, the engine block transfers heat from
friction to the atmosphere and engine coolant. Normally, we use grey cast iron or aluminum for
manufacturing of the engine block.

18. Valves cover:

A valve cover is a metal or plastic covering that protects the valve train and camshaft(s) in each
cylinder head. It keeps oil from leaking out into the engine compartment and debris from getting into
the cylinder head.

18.1. Design:
➢ Select a Plane

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➢ Sketch a rectangular

➢ Extrude the rectangle

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➢ Sketch Circles of same dia at given Dimension then Produce Cut

➢ Sketch 3 Slots of same size at the Bottom and Produce Extrude cut

➢ Apply Filet at all corners

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 18.2. Commands used:
• Extruded base
• Hole wizard
• Draft
• Fillet
• Shell

19. Rocker Roller:

A roller rocker is a rocker assembly that uses bearings instead of metal sliding on metal. A cam/rocker
assembly uses a normal cam, but the roller-tip-rocker has a wheel on the end of it like that of a

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measuring wheel, which rolls by the use of needle bearings. Others will add roller bearings for the main
pivot also

19.1. Design:
➢ Select a Plane

➢ Make two Circle one within one

➢ Extrude the circles

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➢ Selecting the material as plain carbon make its ending round
➢ Chamfer it and we will get the roller

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 19.2. Application:
• Rockers are essentially utilized when one needs to control how an answer moves over a media.
For instance, one would utilize a rocker rather than a shaker when gel recoloring, as the wave
impact of a rocker guarantees the recoloring operator infiltrates all pores equitably.
• A roller rocker has a little roller that turns over the finish of the valve stem. This for all intents and
purposes wipes out side burden on the stem and enormously diminishes wear. Another region of
high grinding and wear is between the rocker arm and rocker shaft. This is a pain point in the TR6
motor

Assembly:
Engine assembly was carried out In Solidworks 2020. Final formation of engine is as following:

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Figure 1. Front view

Figure 2. Side view

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 Figure 3.Top view

Figure 4. Isometric view

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Rendering:
Final rendering is performed on key shot 9:

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