4-Adding and Modifying Data

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Tab 4 – How to Add & Modify Power Flow Data
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© 2015 Siemens Industry, Inc. All rights reserved
Data Input Procedures
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PSS®E offers three alternatives for data input:
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n Read from raw data file
n Use the network data spreadsheet
© 2015 Siemens Industry, Inc., Siemens Power Technologies International (Siemens PTI)
n Through the diagram & spreadsheet
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Siemens Power Academy TD – NA - PSSC 500 PSS®E Introduction to Power Flow and Steady State Analysis 4-2
Power Flow Modeling Data - Part 1
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Case Identification Transformer Impedance Correction
Data
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Bus Data Multi-Terminal DC Line Data
Load Data Multi-Section Line Grouping Data
Fixed Bus Shunt Data Zone Data
Generator Data Inter-Area Transfer Data
e Non-Transformer Branch Data
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Transformer Data
Area Interchange Data

Owner Data
FACTS Device Data
Switched Shunt Data

Two Terminal DC Line Data
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GNE Device Data
Voltage Source Converter DC Line Data Induction Motor Data
Power Flow Modeling Data - Part 2
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Case Identification Transformer Impedance Correction
Data
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Bus Data Multi-Terminal DC Line Data
Load Data Multi-Section Line Grouping Data
Fixed Bus Shunt Data Zone Data
Generator Data Inter-Area Transfer Data
eNon-Transformer Branch Data
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Transformer Data

Owner Data
FACTS Device Data
Switched Shunt Data

Two Terminal DC Line Data
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GNE Device Data
Voltage Source Converter DC Line
Induction Motor Data
Data
Example of Raw Data File
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0, 100.00, 33, 0, 1, 60.0 / Example
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CASE TITLE ONE
CASE TITLE TWO
501,’BUSONE ', 345.0, 2, 1, 1, 1 ... 502,503,0,'1 ',1,1,1,0.0,0.0,1,’TRANS-XXX', ...
502,’BUSTWO ', 345.0, 1, 1, 1, 1... 0.0, 0.3, 100.0
503,’BUSTHREE', 34.5, 1, 1, 1, 1... 1.025, 33.0, 0.0, 100, 120, 0, 1, 651, ...
504,’BUSFOUR ', 345.0, 1, 1, 2, 1... 1.0, 3.3
505,’BUSFIVE ', 18.0, 3, 1, 3, 1... 504,505,0,'1 ',1,1,1, 0.0,0.0,1,’TRANS-YYY', ...
0 / END OF BUS DATA, BEGIN LOAD DATA 0.0, 0.8, 100.0
502,'1 ',1, 1, 1, 60, 16, 0.0, 0.0, ...
1.0, 33.0, 0.0, 100, 120, 0, 1, 800, ...
503,'1 ',1, 1, 1, 150, 80, 0.0, 0.0, ... 1.0, 3.3
501, '1', 1, 11.120, -600.000

502, '1', 1, 1.630, 50.000
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0 / END OF LOAD DATA, BEGIN FIXED SHUNT DATA
0 / END OF FIXED SHUNT DATA, BEGIN GENERATOR DATA

501,'1 ',45,0,20,0,1.00, 0, 50.0,0.0, ...
501,'2 ',45,0,20,0,1.00, 0, 50.0,0.0, ...
501,'3 ',45,0,20,0,1.00, 0, 50.0,0.0, ...
505,'1 ',80,0,40,0,1.05,200,100.0,0.0, ...
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0 / END OF GENERATOR DATA, BEGIN BRANCH DATA
501,502,'1 ',0.001,0.01,0.2,500,600, ...
501,504,'1 ',0.002,0.02,0.3,500,600, ...
502,504,'1 ',0.001,0.01,0.2,500,600, ...
0 / END OF TRANSFORMER DATA, BEGIN AREA DATA
0 / END OF AREA DATA, BEGIN TWO-TERMINAL DC DATA
0 / END OF TWO-TERMINAL DC DATA, BEGIN VSC DATA
0 / END OF VSC DC LINE DATA, BEGIN IMPEDANCE
CORRECTION TABLE DATA
0 / END OF IMPEDANCE CORRECTION TABLE DATA, BEGIN
MULTI-TERMINAL DC DATA
0 / END OF MULTI-TERMINAL DC DATA, BEGIN MULTI-
SECTION LINE DATA
0 / END OF MULTI-SECTION LINE DATA, BEGIN ZONE DATA
0 / END OF ZONE DATA, BEGIN INTER-AREA TRANSFER DATA
0 / END OF INTER-AREA TRANSFER DATA, BEGIN OWNER
DATA
0 / END OF BRANCH DATA, BEGIN TRANSFORMER DATA
0 / END OF OWNER DATA, BEGIN FACTS DEVICE DATA
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0 / END OF FACTS DEVICE DATA, BEGIN SWITCHED SHUNT
DATA
0 / END OF SWITCHED SHUNT DATA
0 / END OF GNE DATA, BEGIN INDUCTION MACHINE DATA
0 / END OF INDUCTION MACHINE DATA
Q
Case Identification
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Format:
IC, SBASE, REV, XFRRAT, NXFRAT, BASFRQ
TITLE1 (60 characters maximum)
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TITLE2 (60 characters maximum)
Data Elements:
IC 0 = new case, 1 = adding data
SBASE System base MVA, usually 100 MVA
REV PSS®E revision number (e.g., 33)
XFRRAT Units of transformer ratings (MVA if ≤ 0, current MVA if > 0)
NXFRAT
BASFRQ
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NOTE:
n Only appear in RAW data files
m Units of ratings of non-transformer branches
(MVA if ≤ 0, current MVA if > 0)
System base frequency in Hertz
n In addition to the above two-line title, PSS®E provides for a 16-line long title for the
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user to enter additional information about the case. The 16-line long title is retained
in the binary saved case, but is not transferred as part of the RAW DATA
output/input process and is not displayed in power flow output reports.
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Note:
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Area Swing Bus is not related to System Swing Bus. However, the System
Swing Bus must also be chosen as the Area Swing Bus for the area
containing the System Swing.
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Area Swing Bus and System Swing Bus
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n An Area Swing Bus (Type Code 2) is used during power flow solution (only
when Area Interchange Control is enforced) to “make up” the MW difference
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between actual and desired interchange for the Area such that:
Fixed Area Gen + Area Swing Gen - Area Load & Losses =
Desired Area Interchange
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n System Swing Bus (Type Code 3) is needed by power flow solution
algorithm to provide a fixed reference bus angle and to “make up” the
balance of total system generation such that:
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Generation - Load - Losses = 0
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Two-Terminal DC Line Data
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n Specify data for both the rectifier and the inverter such as power setpoint,
and firing angle limits.
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n Specify data for the converter transformers such as commutating reactance
and tap limits.
n Specify data for the DC Line such as resistance and scheduled DC voltage.
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n In all, there are 46 data elements required to characterize a two-terminal DC
line in Power Flow.
n The principal purpose for the steady-state modeling of DC lines is to form

the necessary initial “state” for dynamic analysis.
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DC Terminal
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Type 1 or 2
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R
TAP
I
Converter E R
Transformer t:1 ac I
R
Primary Bus VDC I DC Line
R R I
PAC I
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I
1:T
TR
R
I
XC I
RC R
I Alpha
Gamma
DC
Standard Power DC Transmission

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Flow Data Model
DC Line Data Format
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Select the row of a DC Line, then go to “converters” tab to edit
converter data.
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DC Line Operation
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n PSS®E power flow solution logic adjusts bridge control angles (alpha or
gamma) and transformer tap positions to control DC voltage and current (to
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meet a scheduled power output) subject to control angle limits.
n Steady-state model provides for two basic control regimes:
1. “Normal” Operation
Rectifier and inverter AC voltages are near normal such that the rectifier is
able to maintain current control and the inverter is able to regulate DC
e voltage.
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2. “Depressed Voltage” Operation
When AC voltage at the rectifier is depressed such that the rectifier reaches
its limit (by reducing the firing angle in order to raise voltage), control of DC
voltage is abandoned and the inverter adjusts its margin angle to control DC
current below the desired value.
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Voltage Source Converter DC Line Data
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Format:
’NAME’, MDC, RDC, O1, F1, ... O4, F4
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IBUS,TYPE,MODE,DCSET,ACSET,ALOSS,BLOSS,MINLOSS,SMAX,IMAX,PWF,MAXQ,MINQ, REMOT,RMPCT
IBUS,TYPE,MODE,DCSET,ACSET,ALOSS,BLOSS,MINLOSS,SMAX,IMAX,PWF,MAXQ,MINQ, REMOT,RMPCT
Data Elements: Defaults

NAME Name of the VSC DC line --
MDC Control mode 1
0 for out-of-service,
1 for in-service
RDC
IBUS
TYPE
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MODE
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DC line resistance
Converter bus number
Type of converter DC control
0 = out-of-service
1 = dc voltage control
2 = MW control
Converter AC control
1 = ac voltage control
2 = fixed ac power factor
--
--
0
DCSET Converter dc setpoint --

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ACSET Converter ac setpoint 1
Aloss, Bloss Coefficients of linear equation for calculating converter losses 0, 0
(continued)
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Select the row of a DC Line, then go to “converters” tab
to edit converter data.
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(continued)
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Data Elements:
NAME Name of the VSC DC line
Control mode 0 for out-of-service, 1 for in-service
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RDC DC line resistance
TYPE Type of converter DC control
0 = out-of-service
1 = dc voltage control
2 = MW control
MODE Converter AC control
Aloss, Bloss
MINloss
PWF
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RMPCT
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1 = ac voltage control
2 = fixed ac power factor
Coefficients of linear equation for calculating converter losses
Minimum converter losses; entered in kW
Power weighting factor fraction (0.0 ≤ PWF ≤ 1.0)
Percent of the total Mvar required to hold the voltage 100.0 at the controlled bus
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Note: VSC dc line converter bus
n Must be type one or fixed reactive output type two bus.
n Must not have switched shunt controlling local voltage.
n Must not be connected by ZIL to another bus which violates above.
Transformer Impedance Correction Tables
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Data elements:
I Impedance Correction Table Number
Ti
Fi
Angle in degrees
Impedance Scaling Factor
Fi must not be zero.

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Ti must be in ascending order.
Note:
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Off-nominal turns Ratio in p.u. or Phase Shift
Impedance
Scaling Factor
7
9
8
10
11
Eleven-Point
Curve
This is for specialized transformers (particularly phase-
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3 4 5
2
shifters) where the standard PSS®E equivalent circuit for 1
transformers, in which the impedance is constant, may
not be adequate.
Turns Ratio or Phase Shift Angle
Multi-Terminal DC Line Data
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n Allows for the modeling of up to 12 converter stations as one multi-terminal
DC line.
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n Allows for the modeling of a multi-terminal network of up to 20 buses
including the AC converter buses and the DC network buses.
n PSS®E installations include an example power flow case which includes
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two-terminal and multi-terminal DC lines called sample.raw.
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Multi-Section Line Grouping Data
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Note:
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n Grouping is treated as a single entity with regard to its service status.
n When multi-section line reporting option is enabled (Misc > Change

program settings), PSS®E output reports will only show terminal conditions,
i.e., intermediate buses will not be displayed.
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Example of Multi-Section Line Groupings
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10 20
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13 15
'1' '1' '1'
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10
13
15
Multi-Section Line Grouping:

TO
13
15
20
CKT
1
1
1
10 20 &1
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Data Record:
&1 10 13 15 20
Zone Names
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Note:
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portions of several areas.
n Maximum zone number is 9999.
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n A ZONE is sometimes considered to be a subset of an AREA or may be a subset of
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Inter-Area Transfer Data
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Data Elements Defaults
From Area
To Area
ID
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”Seller’s” Area Number
”Buyer’s” Area Number
Transaction Identifier
n PSS®E will alarm user if “sum of transactions” is different from desired net
N
N
‘1’
interchange in Area Interchange data

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Owner Data
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I
OWNAME
e Owner Number
12 Character Name
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n Owner data input is terminated with a record specifying an Owner Number of zero.
N
‘ ‘
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FACTS Control Device Data
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continued
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FACTS Control Device Data (continued)
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Control modes:
0 - out-of-service
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1 - series and shunt links operating
2 - series link bypassed STATCON
3 - series link at constant series Z
4 - series link at constant series V
5 - "master” device of an IPFC
("N+1” is "slave" device)
6 - "slave" device of an IPFC
("N-1" is "master" device)
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7 - “master” device of IPFC with constant
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series voltage setpoint specified (“N+1” is “slave” device)
8 - “slave” device of IPFC with constant
series voltage setpoint specified (“N-1” is “master” device).
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See Program Operation Manual for details.
Switched Shunt Data
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Data Elements:
Status 0 = out of service; 1 = in service

Control Mode 0 = Fixed
1 = Discrete, controlling voltage
2 = Continuous, controlling voltage
3 = Discrete adjustment, controlling reactive power output of plant at remote bus
4 = Discrete, controlling reactive output of a VSC dc
Adjust Method
VHI
VLO
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SWREM/RMPCT
VSC Name
Shunt MVA
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5 = Discrete, controlling output of another switched shunt
6 = Discrete, controlling output of shunt element of FACTS device
0 = switched in input order; 1= switched according to next highest/lowest admittance
Maximum voltage or reactive power upper limit
Minimum voltage or reactive power lower limit
Remote bus number and name/Percent MVAR
The VSC dc line whose converter bus is specified when mode=4
Initial Shunt MVAR at 1.0 p.u. voltage
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Note:
n Can specify up to 8 blocks, 9 steps per block.
n All reactor blocks must be specified before capacitor blocks.
n Blocks should be entered in order in which they are switched on (adjustment method 0).
Example of Switched Shunt Data
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Lines to
other buses
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791
CB1
B Shunt
G Shunt
Load
3x10 Mvar
2x5 Mvar
3x5 Mvar
20 Mvar
20 Mvar
Block 5
Block 3
Block 2
Block 1
Block 4
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Step 2
Step 1
Step 1
Step 3
Step 2
Step 3
Step 2
Step 1
CB3 CB4 CB5
CB1 CB2
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S31 S32 S33 S41 S42 S43 S51 S52
S11 S21
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791 1 0 1 1.02 1.01 0 100 ‘ ‘ 0.0 1 -20 1 -20 3 10 3 5 2 5
I MODE ADJM STAT VHI VLO SWREM QPCT RMID BINIT N1 B1 N2 B2 N3 B3 N4 B4 N5 B5
Generic Network Element Device Data
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Data Elements:
Name Device name
Model BOSL model name
NTERM No. of buses to which this model is connected
BUS
NREAL
NINTG
NCHAR
STATUS
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OWNER
NMETR
REALi
Bus number
Device status
Device owner
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No. of floating point data required by model
No. of buses required by model
No. of character identifiers required by model
Non-metered end bus number

NREAL floating point data
INTGi NINTG bus numbers
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CHARi NCHAR 2-character identifiers
Induction Machine Modeling – (V33.0)
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n Single and double cage machines
n Induction motors and induction generators
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n Specify scheduled power at 1.0 pu rated voltage:
q Electrical power drawn by the machine; or
q Mechanical power output of the machine
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+
- ET
ra
Ia
Pe
jXa
m +
Exm jXm
jX3
I1
jX1
I2
jX2
Pm, Tm
Pload, Tload
Positive sequence
r1/s
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r2/s
- steady state
equivalent circuit
Induction Machine Data
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See Program Operation Manual for details.
Problem 4-1 Adding Modeling Data
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A. Add the switched shunt data as shown on the following page to case EXER2-2.SAV
using the spreadsheet. Set up the switched shunt to control the voltage at bus 150
en
between 1.0 per unit and 1.025 per unit.235
Refer to the Course Notes for information on the switched shunt data record.
Solve the new set up using Full Newton-Raphson Solution with the Taps Locked, all
Solution Options disabled except adjust switched shunts, and Var Limits applied
automatically.
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B. Using GOUT/GEXM graphics, determine how many devices have switched on and
what is the new voltage at bus 150. The convergence monitor for the power flow
solution will show the switching that takes place.
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C. SAVE your final case as EXER4-1.SAV
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Problem 4-1 Adding Modeling Data (continued)
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e m Original system
from EXER2-2 .SAV
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Problem 4-1 Adding Modeling Data (continued)
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Types of Power Flow Data Modifications
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n Network Data
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n Load / Generation
n Network Topology
n Numbering
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Changing Network Data
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n In Spreadsheet View, one tab for each category of data.
Can copy and paste.
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n Can jump to Spreadsheet from Diagram View or Tree
View (point to item and double-click).
n Can also open network data record (property sheet
View.
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dialogs) from Diagram View, Tree View or Spreadsheet
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Scaling Load & Generation
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Power Flow > Changing > Scale generation, load, shunt (SCAL)
n Scale load, generation,
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shunt capacitors and
reactors, motor load
(negative generation).
n Reactive load – use new
MVAR value, existing
power factor or new power
factor.
n Enforce machine MW
e
limits.
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n Can apply to subsystem.
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Changing Transformer Adjustment Flags
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n Change transformer control status in a subsystem
Power Flow > Changing > Transformer adjustment flags (TFLG)
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Economic Dispatch (ECDI)
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n Performs economic dispatch and unit commitment
(one snapshot condition)
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n Needs economic dispatch data file
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Dispatch Method
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n Performs unit commitment based on start up priority specified.
- Start from New Commitment Profile or Current Commitment Profile.
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- User specifies Desired Load and Desired Min. Capacity of Dispatched
Units.
- Lowest priority machines are placed in service first.
- Lowest full-load cost machines within same priority are placed in service
first.
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n Dispatch units based on equal incremental cost (l).
n Does not consider losses explicitly.
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Economic Dispatch Data File
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Format:
I, ID, PRIOR, FUELCO, PMAX, PMIN, HEMIN, X1, Y1, X2, Y2, ..., X6, Y6
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I Bus Number N
ID Machine ID 1
PRIOR Priority Ranking Code 0
Prior =0 => Status will not be changed by ECDI
Prior > 1 => Ranking level; 1 is the lowest
FUELCO Fuel Cost ($/MBTU) no default
PMAX
PMIN
HEMIN
e Min. Output (MW)
m
Max. Output (MW) PMAX
Min. Heat Input (MBTU/Hr.)

X1, Y1 . . X6, Y6 Points on incr. heat rate curve (MW, BTU/KWH)
*
no default
* No default allowed except if PMAX is defaulted. In this case, PMIN = working case value.
One data record for each machine.

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Auxiliary Program “PLINC” plots incremental heat rate curve in BTU/KWH versus MW Output
Problem 4-2 Changing Dispatch
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n Pick up case EXER4-2.SAV - a one-line diagram of the system is attached for your
reference.
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n Run an Economic Dispatch (under Power Flow>Changing) using dispatch data for
the machines in file EXER4-2.ECD and re-dispatch the entire system (new
commitment profile) to meet a total desired load of 3200 MW. There is no minimum
capacity requirement.
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n What is the total production cost and the incremental cost?
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Problem 4-2 Changing Dispatch (continued)
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n Pick up case EXER4-2.SAV again.
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n Decommit the machine at bus 206 (the most efficient unit) by taking the machine out
of service in the power flow case and changing its priority code to zero in the
economic dispatch data file.
n Repeat dispatch of the entire system (with new commitment profile) to meet a total
load of 3200 MW. As before, there is no minimum total capacity requirement.
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n What is the new total production cost and incremental cost?
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Topology Changes
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n Split bus
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n Join buses
n Tap line
n Move network elements
n Delete network elements

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n Disconnect / reconnect bus
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Splitting and Joining Buses
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Split a bus:
(Power Flow > Changing > Split buses
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(SPLT)…)
n Assign connected equipment to new or
old bus.
n A zero-impedance “jumper” is
automatically inserted between the two
buses.
Join two buses:

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n To separate the two bus sections,
open the ZIL.
(Power Flow > Changing > Join buses

(JOIN)…)
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Moving Equipment
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n Move equipment (branches, machines, switched shunts,
loads, transformers) to a new location.
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(Power Flow>Changing>Move network elements (MOVE)…)
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Tapping a Line
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n Line Tap - Insert a bus along a line.
(Power Flow>Changing>Line tap (LTAP)…)
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Removing Buses or Out-of-Service Elements
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n Remove subsystem buses and
all equipment connected to
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them
n Remove all outaged elements
of a selected equipment
category within subsystem
elements (PURG/EXTR)…)
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(Power Flow>Changing>Delete network
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Disconnect/Connect a Bus
s
(Power Flow>Changing>Disconnect/Reconnect bus (DSCN/RECN)…)
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n Disconnect a bus (Type 4)
- Not removed from working case
- Branches are outaged automatically
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n Reconnect a bus and attached equipment
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Renumbering
s
(Power Flow > Renumbering…)
n Renumbering Areas/Owners/Zones – Apply to buses and/or loads
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n Renumber Buses
n Bus translation file: Apply bus number changes to existing network data.
Can also be used in File > Renumber buses in auxiliary files (RNFI) to
renumber buses in other PSSÒE data files (e.g. dynamic data, sequence
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data, contingency input files, slider diagrams).
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Bus Renumbering Options
s
n Renumber individual
buses according to bus
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names or bus numbers.
Also can enter using a
Bus Translation File.
n Pack bus numbers within
a defined range.
n Reassign buses within a
subsystem into a defined
range, or by applying an
offset to existing bus
e
numbers.
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Problem 4-3 Changing Network Topology
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A. Modify case EXER4-1.SAV with the changes and additions as illustrated on the attached
one-line diagram titled “SYSTEM DATA” - note that there are a number of ways to
implement these changes and additions (some much easier than others). Activities which
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you may find helpful are:
SPLT (under Power Flow > Changing > Split buses)

Change ID’s in Spreadsheet
LTAP (under Power Flow > Changing > Line tap)
SCAL (under Power Flow > Changing > Scale bus load)
e Important:
m
Power Flow Data Editing in Spreadsheet View
After SPLTing bus 100, remember to check bus type code for the new bus (101) to type 2.
Leave bus 100 as the system swing bus. Also, remember to remove or take out-of-service
the zero-impedance jumper between bus 100 and bus 101 that is created by SPLT.
Otherwise, the solution results will be very different.
Use Full Newton-Raphson Solution with the Taps Locked, all Solution Options disabled
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except Adjust Switched Shunts, and Var Limits applied automatically to solve the new
system. SAVE as EXER4-3A.SAV
Compare the data for your case with the answer key provided by the instructor.
Consider using GOUT and the slider diagram for the comparison.
(continued)
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(continued)
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B. Apply the AREA INTERCHANGE control strategy to case EXER4-3A.SAV as illustrated on the
attached one-line diagram titled “AREA INTERCHANGE CONTROL.” The appropriate bus, load,
and area interchange data can be modified in the Spreadsheet.
en
Hints:
Use the Area Renumbering to modify the area designations of Both Buses and Loads.
Enter Area interchange control data in Spreadsheet View.
Solve power flow using Full Newton-Raphson Solution, with Area Interchange control enabled (Tie
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Lines Only), Switched Shunts enabled, other adjustments disabled, Var Limits applied
automatically. What does the solution show for the generation shift at the area swing buses?
SAVE as EXER4-3B.SAV
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(continued)
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Si

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s

n Use the network data spreadsheet

Load Data Multi-Section Line Grouping Data

Fixed Bus Shunt Data Zone Data

Area Interchange Data

FACTS Device Data

Switched Shunt Data

Voltage Source Converter DC Line Data Induction Motor Data

Load Data Multi-Section Line Grouping Data

Fixed Bus Shunt Data Zone Data

Area Interchange Data

FACTS Device Data

Switched Shunt Data

501, '1', 1, 11.120, -600.000

0 / END OF FIXED SHUNT DATA, BEGIN GENERATOR DATA

n The principal purpose for the steady-state modeling of DC lines is to form

Standard Power DC Transmission

Data Elements: Defaults

DCSET Converter dc setpoint --

Fi must not be zero.

n When multi-section line reporting option is enabled (Misc > Change

Multi-Section Line Grouping:

interchange in Area Interchange data

Status 0 = out of service; 1 = in service

Name Device name

Non-metered end bus number

n Scale load, generation,

Min. Heat Input (MBTU/Hr.)

One data record for each machine.

n Delete network elements

Join two buses:

(Power Flow > Changing > Join buses

SPLT (under Power Flow > Changing > Split buses)

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