Dyah Arandaningtyas.

(18-1046)
Firnanda Novalia Anisha (18-1039)
Hanifah Nur Rohmah (18-1049)
Nency Puja Ariyan (18-1025)

Literature Review: Previous Research

These are some of the definitions of the children literature taken from several sources.
The first source comes from the title of the book “Understanding Children’s Literature”
written by Peter Hunt. In the book Peter Hunt wrote about the definition of children’s
literature, namely: “Children’s literature ‘sounds like an enticing field of study; because
children’s books have been largely beneath the notice of intellectual and cultural gurus, they
are (apparently) blissfully free of the’ oughts ‘: what we ought to think and say about them.
More than that, to many readers, children’s books are a matter of private delight, which
means perhaps, that they are real literature – if literature’ consists of texts which engage,
change , and provoke intense responses in readers. The second source is from an article
entitled “Significant Roles Of Children’s Literature In Efl” written by Ressy Novasyari which
contains definitions from the children’s literature from several experts. Children’s literature is
written especially for children 0- 12 years old. Children’s literature began in 1865 when
Charles Dodgson wrote a novel especially for children with the tittle Alice’s Adven ture In
Wonderland. He designed children’s literature in order to make children enjoy in reading a
text because it related with their ages and live. McDowell (1973) states that the children’s
literature is applicable to books written for, and read by, that group referred to as children by
any particular society. In choosing and selecting children’s literature for our students, we
should consider everything like the language, the length, the topic, the picture of the story and
etc. Study conducted by Chang (2004) explains that children’s literature being classified as
literature that is designed to help children to understand, and emphasize with, the world views
and experiences of others, including other children. The third source comes from a book
entitled “Essential of Children’s Literature” by Carol Lynch-Brown and Carl M. Tomlinson.
The definition according to them is Children’s literature is good-quality trade books for
children from birth to adolescence, covering topics of relevance and interest to children of
those ages, through process and poetry, fiction and nonfiction.

From several definitions according to the experts above, as a whole, we can conclude
that Children’s literature is a literary work that is specifically understood by children and
contains a world that is familiar to children. This literature also contains aesthetic values that
can entertain and provide educational value to children aged 0-12 years. In the process of
delivering literary works, children are usually accompanied by parents so that children can
better understand. Children’s literature has several genres. According to Baruah (2013, p. 20),
children literature can broadly be classified into two genres. They are Traditional and Modern
children literature. Both can be Original or translation work, divided into many sub-Genres :
a. Traditional children literature contains folktales, Folksongs, riddles, folklore etc. This
genre can be Further divided down into myths, fables, legends, Fairy tales, tales of tricksters,
folk-songs, lullabies Etc. B. Modern children literature includes : (1) Fiction, Including
fantasy, realistic fiction, science-fiction, Historical fiction etc. (2) Non-fiction. (3) Biography
And autobiography. (4) Travelogue. (5) Poetry and Verse. (6) picture story book,comic
strype,etc.
Picture book is a book that has illustrations and the illustrations is important or more
important than the words in the story. There are illustrations in every pages or in one page
every pair of facing pages. According to Sever (2012) In children's picture books,
illustrations can be an aesthetic stimulant that form meaning and inform meaning when
thought together with the text, as well as fulfill the important role as a visual element. When
children assemble illustrations, they evaluate new meanings. As children find out illustrations
in books, they create an awareness of the literary work and the elements in them, and they
accomplish deeper meaning from the books (Galda & Short, 1993; van Kraayenoord & Paris,
1996). Another example of children literature is graphic novel. Graphic novel is a book that is
written and illustrated in the style of comic book. In the graphic novel, combination of words
and pictures is used sequentially over the pages. There are many kinds of genre that can tell
in graphic novel. Text, word balloons, images, panels, and sound effect usually includes in
graphic novels. The use of graphic novel to children literature is to motivate and attract
children to read because there are many illustations in the book that makes children interested
to read in longer time. By the visual elements in the graphic novel, it can make children who
has difficulty to read through traditional text can be pulled into the story.
According to previous research, that children's understanding of literary texts also
depends on the book publisher, teacher or companion describing or shaping the text as easily
as possible for children's understanding. How do they gave position to the children in the
given text. This can be facilitated by using visual designs or images to convey the meaning of
text such as comics. Comics are pictorial stories that are more dominated by images than
written text. However, comics can be said to be more flexible in entering any discussion or
topic. Therefore, comics are very suitable to be used as children's literary media. however
there is some controversy over the impact of reading comics, as outlined by John A. Lent
(1999), in 'Comics Controversies and Codes: Reverberations in Asia'. Here, Lent draws
attention to the way that manga was seen as having a detrimental impact upon the health and
morals of young people in South Korea, Japan, the Philippines and Taiwan between the
1940s and the 1980s.
Last, about short stories. Short story are a type of literary work that is required to
present concise but easy to understand words. Children's literature is a concise form or a very
simple form compared to adult literature. This is meant to be easily understood by children;
Therefore, the choice of words is chosen in such a way as to be easy to understand but
contains values that can enrich children's knowledge. It was adapted to their childhood life.
Through short stories aimed at short stories, children's literary works are also very suitable to
be presented in the form of short stories.

References
Hunt, P. 2005. Understanding Childern’s Literature. 2nd ed. Oxon: Routledge .
Novasyari, R. 2019. Significant Roles Of Children’s Literature In Efl. Jurnal Bahasa dan
Sastra. 8(1): 8-14.
Brown, C. L. and Tomlinson C. M.1999. Essentials of Childern Literature.3rd ed. Needham
Heights: Allun and Bacon.
Gibson, M., Nabizadeh, G., and Sambell, K. 2014. Watch this space: childhood, picturebooks
and comics. Journal of Graphic Novels and Comic. 5(3) 241-244.
Budiman, M. A. and Listyarini, I. 2017. A Comparative Literature on Children’s short stories.
13(2) 137-155.
Kennedy, Elizabeth. (2021, February 16). What Is a Picture Book? Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-picture-book-626980
Brenner, R. 2015. A Guide to Using Graphic Novels with Children and teens.