RECORD OF REVISIONS

Date Revision Details Revision

Number

07.07.2012 Issued for Implementation 0

25.08.2012 Pipe Class Matrix Construction type for “A” is added 1

16.01.2013 Issued for Implementation 2

1. Modification done as highlighted in the respective
para
Contents
1. Purpose............................................................................................................................. 4
2. Scope: ............................................................................................................................... 4
3. Order of Precedence: ....................................................................................................... 4
4. Normative References:..................................................................................................... 4
5. Terms and Definitions: ..................................................................................................... 7
6. Abbreviations: .................................................................................................................. 7
7. Basic Design/Assembly/Methodology: ............................................................................ 7
8. Attachments ................................................................................................................... 19
1. Purpose
This Design Basis Document explains the design basis of the piping classes that
shall be prepared/used by Detail Engineering Contractor (DEC).
2. Scope:
This Design Basis Document is intended for use in oil refineries, petro-chemical
plants and non-petrochemical plants (all within the property limits as defined in
appropriate and applicable codes & standards).
The Contractor / existing facility shall determine by careful scrutiny the
requirements that are more stringent and the combination of requirements that
shall be acceptable as regards safety, economic and legal aspects after taking the
prior approval from the RPMG Core Engineering Division.
3. Order of Precedence:
All national and/or local regulations in which some of the requirements may be
more stringent than in this Design Basis Document, shall precede this Design Basis
Document.
4. Normative References:
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form).
B1.20.1 Screw Threads - Pipe Treads, General Purpose (Inch).
B16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges & Flanged Fittings.
B16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings.
B16.9 Factory made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings.
B16.10 Face to Face and End to End Dimensions of Ferrous Valves.
B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded.
B16.14 Pipe Plugs.
B16.20 Ring Joint Gaskets and Grooves for Steel Pipe Flanges.
B16.21 Non-metallic Flat Ring Gaskets for Pipe Flanges.
B16.25 Butt-Welding Ends.
B18.2.1 Square and Hex. Bolts and Screws (Inch Series).
B18.2.2 Square and Hex. Nuts (Inch Series).
B31.1 Code for Power Piping.
B31.3 Code for Process Piping
B31.4 Code for Liquid Transportation Systems
B31.8 Code for Gas Transmission and Distribution Systems
B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipes.
B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipes.
B46.1 Surface Textures.
American Petroleum Institute (API)
5L Specification for Line Pipe
6A Specification for Valves and Welded Equipment.
6D Specification for Pipeline Valves (Steel, Gate, Ball and Check Valves).
6FA Specification for Fire Test for Valves.
590 Steel Line Blanks.
594 Wafer Type Check Valves, Steel.
595 Cast Iron Gate Valves, Flanged End.
598 Valve Inspection and Testing.
599 Flanged and Butt-Weld Plug Valves.
600 Steel Gate Valves, Flanged and Butt-Weld Ends.
602 Compact Steel Gate Valves.
607 Fire Test for Soft Seated Quarter Turn Valves.
608 Metal Ball Valves - Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends.
609 Butterfly Valves, Lug and Wafer Type.
Manufacturers Standardisation Society (MSS)
SP-6 Standard Finishes for Contact Faces of Pipe Flanges and Connecting End
Flanges of Valves and Equipment.
SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Flanges and Unions.
SP-43 Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings.
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings and Other
Piping Components.
SP-75 Specification for high test wrought butt welding fittings
SP-95 Swaged Nipples and Bull Plugs.
SP-97 Forged Carbon Steel Branch Outlet Fittings - Socket Welding, threaded and
Butt-Welding Ends.
SP-117 Bellows Seals for Globe and Gate Valves

British Standards Institute (BS)

21 Specification for pipe threads for tubes and fittings
1868 Flanged and Butt-Weld Swing and Lift Type Check Valves.
1873 Globe Valves, Flanged and Threaded Copper Alloy, Gate, Globe and Check
3293 Valves. Steel Pipe Flanges.
Carbon
4504 Circular Flanges for Pipes, Valves and Fittings.
5146 Inspection and Test of Steel Valves
5154 Flanged and Threaded Copper Alloy, Gate, Globe and Check Valves.
5155 Butterfly Valves
5156 Diaphragm Valves.
5351 Steel Ball Valves for the Petroleum Petrochemical and Allied Industries.
5352 Steel Wedge, Gate, Globe and Check Valves, 2" and Smaller for the Petroleum,
5353 Petrochemicalfor
Specification and Allied
Steel PlugIndustries.
Valves.
6364 Specification for Valves for Cryogenic Service.
6755 Testing of Valves.

International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)

8501-1 Preparation of Steel Substrates Before Application of Paints and related
Products - Visual assessment of surface cleanliness.

Others As applicable

European Standards (EN)

10204 Metallic Products – Types of Inspection Documents

Indian Standards and Regulations (IS)

IBR Indian Boiler Regulations.
IS 778 Specification for copper alloy gate, globe and check valves-waterworks
purpose
IS 780 Cast Iron Standard Valves for Water Works.
IS 1239 Part 1 Mild Steel Tube.
IS 1239 Part 2 Steel Tube Fittings.
IS 2062 Steel for general structural purpose
IS 3589 Seamless or Electrically Welded Steel Pipes
IS 4687 Gaskets and Packings - Gland Packings Asbestos - Specification (for LTB
valve)
IS 5414 Gaskets and Packings - Gland Packing Jute and Hemp - Specification
(for LTB valve)

National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)

MR0175 Sulphide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment.
RP0175 Control of Internal Corrosion in Steel Pipelines and Piping Systems.
RP0472-95 Methods and controls to prevent in service environmental cracking of carbon
steel weldments in corrosive Petroleum Refining environment.

American Water Works Associations (AWWA)

 C207 Steel Pipe Flanges for Waterworks Service
C504 Rubber Seated Butterfly Valves

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (Standard for Safety) (UL)

UL-1091 Butterfly Valves for Fire-Protection Service

5. Terms and Definitions:

5.1. General definitions
The Contractor is the party, which carries out all or part of the design,
engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a
project, or operation or maintenance of a facility. The Owner/Client may
undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.
The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party, which manufactures or supplies
equipment and services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
The Owner/Client is the party, which initiates the project and ultimately pays for
its design and construction. The Owner/Client will generally specify the technical
requirements. The Owner/Client may also include an agent or PMC authorized to
act for, and on behalf of, the Owner/Client.
5.2. Specific definitions
Piping class Existing piping material class (Refer document 10080-1-SS-PP-
038-Part I & II), designed based on this design basis shall be used
for any new project. If not available, the piping classes shall be
prepared by Owner/Client or by Detail Engineering Contractor
based on this design basis which shall be updated in the above
document.
Assembly Pre-designed standard configuration for vents, drains, orifice
meter runs, thermo-wells and pressure points within a piping
class

6. Abbreviations:
RPMG - Reliance Project Management Group
PMC - Project Management Consultant
7. Basic Design/Assembly/Methodology:
7.1. DEFINITION OF A PIPING CLASS
A piping class consists of a collection of standardized piping components that are
compatible and are suitable for a defined service at stated pressure and
 temperature limits. All components applied in piping classes are covered and
prepared/generated through the software managed by Owner/Client.

7.2. PURPOSE AND BENEFITS OF PIPING CLASSES

The purpose and benefits of piping classes are summarized as follows:
 Group-wide standardization of piping material and design of piping systems
 Large reduction in engineering and procurement effort
 Reduced costs of stocking material
 Increased leverage for centralized purchasing
 Controlled integration of applicable standards
 Reduced risk of wrong material selection.
7.3. APPLICATION OF PIPING CLASSES
Piping classes shall be applied in accordance with Design Basis Document 10080-
1-ENGG-DBD-PP-003 – Piping Plant Layout & Design.
An explanation of the piping class numbering system is given in (7.4) and a
description of the contents of each piping class is given in (7.5).
7.4. IDENTIFICATION OF PIPING CLASSES
As part of Reliance standardization, it is preferred to derive the piping classes as
per the Pipe class logic / matrix tabulation given below. Deviation shall only be
with prior approval.
 Pipe Class Matrix
1st Char 2nd Char 3rd Char
4th Char Corr. 5th Char
Consultant 6th Char
Code Class Allow/Code Construction
Company Material Type Sequence
Rating Inch (mm) Type
Code
0 Universal 0" - 0.0 mm
1 150lb 1/32" - 1.0 mm MJ/BW
2 250lb 1/16" - 1.5 mm Crimped
3 300lb 3/32" Bell & Spigot
4 400lb 1/8" - 3.0 mm Tubing
5 5/32" - 4.0 mm
6 600lb 3/16" - 4.5 mm
7 7/32"
8 800lb 1/4" - 6.0 mm Flanged
9 900lb Other
A Aluminium 25lb ASME III CL-1 BW/SW/FF
B Copper Alloy 50lb CL-2 BW/BW/BW
C Chemtex Carbon Steel 75lb ASME III CL-3 BW/TH/RJ
D Flour Daniel Ductile Iron 100lb ASME B31.1 BW/SW/FF
Hi Density Polyethylene
E E 125lb ASME B31.3 BW/SW/RF
(HDPE)
F PETROFAC Fibreglass 175lb NFPA BW/SW/RJ
G Galvanised C.S 200lb ASME B31.8 BW/BW/NA

H Iron (Cast) Cement Lined 1000lb ASME SEC.1 BW/BW/FF

I Iron (Cast) As per UOP BW/BW/RF

Ductile Iron Cement
J 1500lb AWWA BW/BW/RJ
Lined
K Alloy Steel 2000lb NA/TH/NA
L LUMMUS (*) Low Temp C.S 2500lb NA/TH/FF
M Marine Specific Monel 3000lb NA/TH/RF B31.3, IBR
N TECHNIP Nickel Alloy 4500lb ANSI Z 223.1 NA/SW/FF
P AKPG Plastic 6000lb ASME B31.4 NA/SW/RF B31.3, NACE
Q Concrete 9000lb Plumbing NA/SW/RJ
Carbon Steel Rubber
R 10000lb ASME B31.5 MJ/TH/FF B31.1,IBR
Lined
S S & W (*) Stainless Steel Desn P&T ASME B31.9 MJ/TH/RF
T TOYO Titanium SMACNA ASME B31.11
Less than
U UHDE Alloy 20 MJ/SW/RF
2"wg
V Vitrified Clay 2"-4" wg MJ/MJ/FF

W Foster Wheeler Lined 4"-6" wg MJ/MJ/RF

 1st Char 2nd Char 4th Char Corr. 5th Char
6th Char
Code Consultant Allow/Code Construction
3rd Char Sequence
Company Material Type Inch (mm) Type
Code
Copper Bearing Carbon
X 6"-10" wg MJ/MJ/NA
Steel
10" and
Y Duplex Stainless Steel Bonded
over wg
Carbon Steel Plastic
Z SMACNA Soldered
Lined
Legend: BW - Butt Wield MJ - Mechanical Joint RF - Raised Face
FF - Flat Face NA - Not Applicable RJ - Ring Joint
SW- Socket Weld WG – Water Gauge TH - Threaded

Construction: Large bore/Small bore/Flange Face

7.5. CONTENT OF PIPING CLASSES

 Summary block giving design standard, class details and revision status.
 Pressure - Temperature Limits indicating the pressure ratings at coincident
temperatures as per Flange/Valve design standard or as per De-rated condition.
 Manufacturer’s P-T rating is not included in pressure temperature Limits.
 Table of Service abbreviations with a short description of the same for the
respective class.
 General notes applicable for the class.
 Specific notes applicable in the class, giving additional design background and
application guidelines/restrictions.
 Components with their Reliance Engineering Stock codes and the assigned sizes
with a short description. Components shall be referred in 10080-1-SS-PP-002
 Assemblies associated with the pipe class.
 Branch table for both 90 deg and 45 deg branch connections.
 Non – standard piping items like Piping Specials are excluded from general pipe
classes and shall be included in Specials pipe class
7.6. SELECTION OF PIPING CLASSES
A standard "Service Class Index” shall be prepared to identify the main
characteristics (e.g. materials, valves, gaskets and bolting) of all piping classes.
The fluid codes shall be as indicated in the Service/Fluid Code list of “Service Class
Index” provided by Owner/Client.
To select a piping class, the “Service Class Index” and “Material Selection Diagram
of Licensor” shall be consulted to see whether the intended service is listed. If so,
the appropriate ASME rating class shall then be identified by matching the
required design pressure and temperature with the design limits given in the
piping classes. For final selection, the responsible PMC/RPMG Core materials and
corrosion engineer shall be consulted.
7.7. SELECTION OF BASIC MATERIAL
The composition and properties of the process fluid/medium shall be specified by
the process designer/Licensor.
In consultation with the process designer/Licensor or process engineer, the Core
materials and corrosion engineer shall establish the required materials selection &
corrosion allowance based on the process requirements such as nature of process
fluid/medium, pressure, temperature, flow and the environment of the process
facility. Design life and cost considerations shall also be taken in account.
After selection of the basic material for the specified service, a suitable piping
class shall be prepared (7.6) / selected from the existing piping classes for the
design pressure and temperature.
The primary selection of the piping classes will be governed by the characteristics
of individual process streams. However, the total number of selected piping
classes should be assessed for possible standardization, limitation of component
varieties, spare part and stock holding optimization, and the risk of mixing similar
materials.
For additional information, the following Standard Specification should be
consulted:
 Design Basis “Piping Plant Layout & Design ( 10080-1-ENGG-DBD-PP-003)”
 Practice “Compilation of BOM for Piping Isometrics (10080-1-PRA-PP-015)” and
 Standard Specification “Shop & Field Fabrication of Steel Piping (10080-1-SS-PP-
006)”
7.8. DESIGN CODES & STANDARDS
Generally all metallic piping classes shall be designed in accordance with ASME
B31.3 and for Power piping, where required, shall be designed in accordance with
ASME B31.1.
In case of any gas and oil transportation lines, the relevant ASME codes shall be
used.
The design limits specified in the piping classes shall be derived from the
pressure/temperature (P/T) ratings for flanges given in ASME B16.5 for sizes up to
& including NPS 24” and B16.47 for sizes above NPS 24. For sizes not covered
under B16.47/B16.5, the design standard shall be stated in the piping class. There
shall be no piping classes for pressures higher than those allowed by the ASME
B16.5 rating class 2500 for the specified design temperature and material. For
materials listed, the relevant values listed in table 2 of ASME B16.5/B16.47 shall
be applicable. For comparable materials not listed, the P/T rating is established in
accordance with Annexure-B of ASME B16.5.
 Where specified by ASME B31.3, bolting calculations shall be performed to verify
the ability to seat the selected gasket and to maintain a sealed joint under the
given pressure/temperature (P/T) rating; ASME VIII, Division 1, Appendix 2 shall
be followed for this.
Allowable internal pressures for pipe and fittings have been verified in accordance
with ASME B31.3 paragraph 304.1.2 equation (3a) in order to meet the design
limits of piping classes.
Allowable stress values for piping materials shall be in accordance with the chosen
design standard for the piping class.
Where available, nominal wall thickness of pipe specified in the piping classes
shall be in accordance with ASME B36.10M and ASME B36.19M. Pipe outside
diameters shall correspond to those in B36.10M and B36.19M, and nominal pipe
sizes in classes shall be stated in NPS.
For pipe diameters larger than NPS 16”, a rationalization of wall thicknesses shall
be carried out in order to reduce the number of wall thicknesses specified for a
given line size for each material type, wherever required and as indicated in
Para.7.9
For Line spacer / Line Blinds wall thicknesses, ASME B16.48 shall be followed.
Wall thickness shall be calculated on line specific design parameters for the sizes
not covered by ASME B16.48.
7.9. Wall Thickness Calculations
7.9.1. Wall thickness calculation shall be based on the lowest strength component in the
Line Class considering the minimum allowable stress values of any component
and based on design consideration of pressure, temperature including the
allowances for corrosion, erosion and the manufacturing tolerance and also
considering the depth of threads or grooves.
7.9.2. Piping/piping component wall thicknesses do not include any additional thickness
that may be required to compensate for such design consideration as thermal
loads due to restraints, live loads, hydraulic shock or any other loads and forces.
These must be considered in the design of piping systems.
7.9.3. For all sizes of seamless items, a manufacturing tolerance of 12.5 % shall be
applied and for items manufactured as per Indian Standards, the manufacturing
tolerance shall be as per that Indian Standard.
7.9.4. For all sizes of welded items, all components shall be designed with a negative
manufacturing tolerance of 0.3 mm as the base for the mechanical design.
7.9.5. For manufacturing tolerances of fittings larger than NPS 16” reference is made to
MSS-SP-75 Paragraph 13 and Table – 3 (instead of chapter 11 of ASME B16.9).
7.9.6. The pipe & pipe component wall thicknesses in the piping classes that are
specified based on the maximum pressure ratings of flanges as per ASME B16.5
and its corresponding material group are considered as “Full Flange rated line
class”. These line classes will state the design as per ASME B16.5 or the
respective standard to which the class is designed. These piping classes shall be
suffixed with “FR”.
7.9.7. The pipe & pipe component wall thicknesses in the piping classes that are not
specified based on the maximum pressure ratings of flanges as per ASME B16.5
and its corresponding material group are considered as “De-rated line class”.
These line classes will state the design as “See pressure-temperature curve” and
also the curve or the pressure-temperature limit will be attached. These piping
classes shall be suffix with “DR1,DR2,etc.”
7.9.8. The pipe & pipe component wall thickness other than specified in the line classes
are required, a new line class shall be developed accordingly.
7.9.9. To meet the design condition of full vacuum at ambient temperature, allowable
external pressures for pipe and fittings need to be verified in accordance with
ASME B31.3 paragraph 304.1.3 using the calculation from ASME VIII, Division 1,
parts UG-28 through 30.
7.9.10. In general, all metallic piping class, sizes up to and including NPS 24” where the
piping wall thickness calculations are done for full rating, meet the required full
vacuum condition. A statement indicating the suitability for full vacuum at
ambient temperature shall be incorporated in the notes section of each piping
class.
7.9.11. For the line classes which are de-rated to specific conditions, a separate line class
shall be developed after necessary calculations for full vacuum condition and shall
be indicated in the Line Class.
7.9.12. Piping classes related to Indian Boiler Regulations shall be designed as per latest
IBR statutory requirements or as per design code whichever is stringent.
7.10. General guidelines for piping class preparation
7.10.1. Pipes
For Carbon Steel, seamless pipe shall be used normally up to NPS 16” and for NPS
18” & above, welded pipes shall be used.
For Stainless steel, seamless pipe shall be used normally up to NPS 6” and for NPS
8” & above welded pipes with joint efficiency of 1.0 shall be used.
For Low Alloy steel, seamless pipe shall be used normally up to NPS 16” and for
NPS 18” & above welded pipes with joint efficiency of 1.0 shall be used.
Galvanized piping specification shall be limited to NPS 3” due to constructability
point of view.
 For pipes designed as per Indian Standards IS 1239 and IS 3589, the selection shall
be IS 1239 Heavy and IS 3589 Grade FE330 respectively. ERW pipes shall be used
for these Indian standard pipes.
For all underground hydrocarbon lines, only Seamless pipes shall be used.
For all underground non-hydrocarbon lines, welded pipes shall be used.
Nominal pipe sizes 1/4", 3/8", 1-1/4", 2-1/2", 3-1/2", 5", 22", 26”, 28” and Sizes
other than listed in ASME B16.47 shall not be used except to match
manufacturer’s equipment connections or existing piping. Where the use of one
of these sizes is necessary to match an equipment or existing connection, a
reducer shall be employed immediately to increase to the next larger acceptable
nominal pipe size and shall be kept to a minimum.
7.10.2. Piping Components
7.10.2.1. Piping components 2” & larger shall be butt welded and 1.5” & smaller shall be
socket welded unless specifically stated otherwise in the Piping Line Classes.
 For welded fittings and pipe within a piping class, identical wall thicknesses
shall be selected to prevent internal diameter differences at weld
positions.
 Usage of socket welded components does not apply to galvanized
material, slurry systems, lube & seal oil piping.
7.10.2.2. Lap-joint stub-ends shall have the same facings and surface finish as specified for
the flanges in the respective Piping Line class. Lap-joint stub-ends shall not be
used for hydrocarbon services.
7.10.2.3. For forged fittings to equal or exceed the connecting pipe strength, the following
guide per ASME B16.11 shall be used to match the pipe in Line classes:
Socket-welded:
For Sch 80 or XS pipe - use Class 3000 fittings
For Sch 160 pipe - use Class 6000 fittings
For XXS Pipe - use Class 9000 fittings
Threaded:
For Sch 160 or thinner pipe - use Class 3000 fittings
For XXS Pipe - use Class 6000 fittings
7.10.2.4. All piping 1.5” NB and smaller which is threaded on one end or both ends, shall be
minimum of Sch 160 wall thickness.
7.10.2.5. For class 150 & class 300, spectacle blinds shall be restricted to 10”NB and for
sizes above 10”NB line spacer and line blinds shall be used.
7.10.2.6. Similarly, for class 600, class 900, class 1500 & class 2500 the spectacle blinds shall
be restricted to 6”NB, 6”NB, 4”NB and 4”NB respectively. For sizes above the
limited for respective piping class, line spacer and line blinds shall be used.
7.10.2.7. Swages shall be used wherever the Socket weld components are used in the
Piping material class for the size reduction from 2”NB & below. Accordingly, in
case of a size reduction from 3” NB to 1.1/2”NB, a combination of a 3” x 2”NB
reducer and a 2” X 1.1/2”NB swage of shall be used.
7.10.3. Valves
All Butterfly valves that are metal seated shall be triple eccentric.
Check valves for sizes 2” & larger shall be dual plate flanged type. Swing check
valves shall be included only on specific cases.
Any Swing type check valves specified with dampening device shall be as per the
guidelines below:
Rating Size
Class 150 16"NB & Above
Class 300 16"NB & Above
Class 600 12"NB & Above
Class 900 12"NB & Above
Class 1500 8"NB & Above
Class 2500 8"NB & Above
The following category of valves shall not be considered as bulk items and shall be
defined and purchased with respect to a specific Data Sheet only:
 Any globe valves, in critical lines, being used as control valve By-pass shall be
designed to suit the Cv requirement of the main control valve and shall be
with instrument tag as part of Instrument scope. And such critical valves shall
be indicated during the review of P&Id.
 Any globe valves having size more than 8”NB.
 Any check valves, having size more than 12”NB or used in pump/compressor
discharge for hydrocarbon service and temperature more than 250°C.
Ball valves shall be specified as per following philosophy:
 2 piece body construction, long pattern flanged ends.
Trunnion mounting shall be specified as follows:
 10”NB & above for Class 150
 6”NB & above for Class 300
 2”NB & above for Class 600 & higher.
 Usage of Socket weld ball valves shall be limited. However in case of
requirement, the same shall be specified with weld on pipe nipples to give an
overall length of 300 mm.
7.10.4. BRANCH CONNECTIONS
In each piping class a branch table shall be provided in order to select the proper
and most economical type of branch connection for the design limits of the class.
In case of 90°/45° pipe-to-pipe branch connections, a specific calculation shall be
checked against the design limits of the piping class as per paragraphs 304.3.2 and
304.3.3 of ASME B31.3,
Butt welding fittings larger than NPS 24” shall be specified in such a way that as
per ASME B 31.3 appendix D a flexibility characteristic: h  4.4T / r2 can be
applied.
Selection of any branch O’lets shall be restricted up to NPS 8” branch size for all
Carbon steel piping and shall be restricted up to NPS 6” branch size for all
Stainless/Alloy steel piping due to weight and its economical nature.
Elbolets shall be used only for thermowell connection with a specific note
indicated in the piping material class.
Selection of Reducing Tees shall be restricted as indicated in the chart below:
Standardization of using Reducing Tees for Branch connections
0.5 T
0.75 RT T
1 RT RT T
1.5 RT RT RT T
2 OL OL OL OL T
3 OL OL OL OL OL T
4 OL OL OL OL OL OL T
6 OL OL OL OL OL OL OL T
8 OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL T
10 OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL T
12 OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL RT T
Header Size (NPS)

14 OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL ST RT T
16 OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL ST ST RT T
18 OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL ST ST ST RT T
20 OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL ST ST ST ST RT T
24 OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL ST ST ST ST ST RT T
0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
Branch Size (NPS)

T = EQUAL TEES
 RT = REDUCING TEES
OL = OLETS (upto the size limit indicated for MOC)
ST = STUB IN CONNECTION AS PER CALCULATION
NOTE :
ABOVE 24" SIZES ALSO NEEDS TO FOLLOW THE SAME PRINCIPLE
RT CAN BE REPLACED BY O'LETS UPTO THE BRANCH LIMIT INDICATED IN Specification

7.10.5. ORIFICE FLANGES

All Orifice flanges up to and including NPS 1.1/2”NB shall be considered as meter
run and for NPS 18” NB and larger shall be considered with weld neck flanges with
pressure taps on pipe. Wherever NPS 18” NB and larger the pressure tap location
on the pipe is not possible, Orifice flange to be used.
Normally, the Orifice flanges shall be a set of flanges with ½” SW tapping instead
of Threaded tapping and shall be without the Orifice Plate as Orifice plates are
part of Instrumentation.
7.10.6. Bolting
Stud bolt length shall be effective thread length and the bolt lengths shall be
selected so that a minimum of one, and no more than three threads are exposed
after joint makeup for other than Hydraulic bolt tensioning requirement.
Stud bolt lengths are to be specified in the following increments:
¼” - 0.250”
3/8” - 0.375”
½” - 0.500”
¾” - 0.750”
1” - 1.000”
7.11. BOLT TENSIONING
The use of bolt tensioning in certain circumstances and the additional bolt length
requirement, are as specified in the Standard Specification No. 10080-1-SS-PP-007
- “PIPING – ERECTION & TESTING”.
The additional bolt length required for hydraulic bolt tensioning shall be
incorporated in the respective pipe classes, only for the sizes and ASME rating
classes that are always recommended to be bolt-tensioned.
7.12. HEAT TREATMENT
Some piping classes may be designed for services that require post-weld heat
treatment. The requirements for these classes shall be indicated in the General
Notes of the piping class and also in the Annexure of specification for Welding &
NDT Requirements.
7.13. SELECTION OF IMPACT TESTED CARBON STEEL
In general, all piping classes shall be restricted up to 0 °C to align with the latest
ASME B31.3. However, a separate class for non-impact tested carbon steel shall
be issued for covering the lower design temperatures between 0 °C and -29 °C
with a restricted wall thickness as indicated in the below figure.

The lower design temperatures of ASTM A106-B, API 5L-B, ASTM A 671-CC60 Cl.22
and ASTM A234-grade WPB are thickness dependent as defined, in ASME B31.3,
by curve B and C of Figure 323.2.2A. As per this Figure,
 For lower design temperatures of –29 °C, the maximum allowable thickness is
12.7 mm.
 For ASTM A 105(N) and ASTM A 216-grade WCB or WCC, the lower design
temperature in ASME B31.3 is –20 °F (–29 °C).

To have consistency in materials selection, and also due to the trouble in getting
the impact toughness in ASTM A 105(N) forgings, the use of ASTM A 106-B,
API 5L-B, ASTM A 671-CC60 Cl.22, ASTM A 234-WPB and ASTM A 105(N) shall be
restricted in the piping classes having a lower design temperature of minus 29°C,
for pipe schedule and size combinations with maximum of 12.7 mm nominal
thickness.
 For greater thicknesses, the pipe class for impact tested carbon steels according
to ASTM A 333-6, ASTM A 671-CC60 cl22 with S2, ASTM A 350-LF2, ASTM A 420-
WPL6 and ASTM A 352-LCB shall be selected.
Piping classes prepared for lower design temperature between 0 °C and -29 °C,
shall not be used for liquid butane, LPG or compressed light and flammable gases
such as hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane or ethylene.
For any minimum design temperature between –29 °C and –46 °C impact tested
carbon steel(LTCS) shall always be selected for all services.
7.14. Off-spec items
Higher class rating components like flanges, gaskets shall be included only for any
requirement of instrument or equipment connection. However, in no case a
lower class rating components shall be included in a higher rating piping material
class.
Different Material of Construction of components such as Spectacle blind, spacer
& Line blinds, may be included in the piping material class for clean service
requirements only.