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Wind Turbine Farm as an Alternate Electric Power Generating System in Perlis

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Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 793 (2015) pp 333-337 Submitted: 2015-02-04
© (2015) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Accepted: 2015-06-16
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.793.333

Wind Turbine Farm as an Alternate Electric Power Generating System in

Perlis - Malaysia
Abadal-Salam T. Hussain1,a, Syed F. Ahmed2,b, F. Malek1,c, M. S. Jawadd,
Nursabrina Noorpi1,e, Gomesh Nair Shasidharan1,f, Mohd Irwan Yusoff1,g,
Muhammad Irwanto Misrun1,h, Taha A. Taha1,i & Shouket A. Ahmed1,j
1
Center of Excellence for Renewable Energy (CERE), School of Electrical System Engineering,
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.
2
(COEUAS), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia.
a
abadal@unimap.edu.my,bsyedfaiz@unimap.edu.my,cmfareq@unimap.edu.my,
d
saeed@utem.edu.my, enursabrina@unimap.edu.my, fgomesh@unimap.edu.my,
g
irwanyusoff@unimap.edu.my, hirwanto@unimap.edu.my, itahatat2020@gmail.com &
j
shouket_ahmed@yahoo.com

Keywords: Wind Farm, Wind turbine, Alternate Energy, Power Generation

Abstract. In many countries fossil fuels are used as the main source to generate electricity, but due
to the increase in energy consumption and the rapid depletion of the fossil fuel resources, the
demand of alternate energy sources such as solar, wind or hydro power becomes high [1]. In this
paper wind energy as an alternate energy resource for electric power generation is proposed in the
form of a small wind farm for grid-connected application in Perlis Malaysia. The monthly wind
speed data of Perlis which is the smallest state of Malaysia were measured and the wind mill
parameters such as Air Density, Blade Length, Power Coefficient and Blade Length were
calculated. The mechanical output power of the proposed wind turbine form is calculated to check
out its performance and reliability. The results showed that the proposed wind energy power
generating system is a good choice and can be implemented in Malaysia to provide enough power
for small towns and rural areas.

Introduction
The most common and freely available natural resource is the wind energy. Human beings are using
it since they put sails into the wind. It is evident that in early 5000 B.C. people were propelled their
boats by using the wind energy along the Nile River. In 200 B.C Chinese and Persian were also
used simple windmills for pumping water and grinding grains [2]. In late 19th century wind power
found new application of developing electrical power and throughout 20th century several different
types of wind turbines were developed for electrical power generation. Today wind turbines are
widely used from small applications such as battery charging to the large commercial applications
of onshore and offshore wind farms to generate electricity [3]. Wind farm is created by placing
multiple wind turbines in the same location to produce electrical power.
The largest land wind farm is located at California in USA which is capable of producing 1020
MW electrical power [4]. Besides many countries such as China, UK, Australia, Mexico, Sweden
and many others are using wind energy as an alternate energy resource. Due to the increase of
demanding for wind turbine and wind farm, it becomes the hottest topic among the researchers and
many researches worked in this area, In 2000 Muljadi, E. [5], performed an analysis of wind turbine
system in water pumping application. In this research he coupled wind turbine generator with water
pump motor. He performed steady state analysis of the system and showed the effect of
performance of water pump on the proper choice of its parameters he also described the wind
turbine and water pump system cut off and switch in system up on the wind speed variation. In this
research work all the simulation was done by using RPM-Sim simulator.
In 2009 Zhenhua J. [6] Worked on wind turbine based on doubly-fed induction generator, he
worked on power generation and its storage system. He used battery bank to store electrical power
by connecting battery bank via DC link of back-to-back power converters of the doubly-fed

All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans
Tech Publications, www.ttp.net. (ID: 115.133.7.83-10/07/15,12:12:26)
334 Electrical Power Engineering and Sustainable Development of Industry

induction generator. He also controlled the energy storage system when the wind turbine speed
varies. In the same year GuangLing H. [7] presented the dynamic response of the wind turbine
under perturbed wind conditions. He used the random and rotating Fourier spectrum for wind force
and turbine blades respectively. The wind inducing analysis was done on 1.25 MW wind turbine
system. Remarkable results were concluded during this experiment.
Yong Ma ; Jiang, J. N. [8] discussed about the importance of the wind farm and proposed a new
technique to distribute all the wind turbines of the wind farm into different sub sections depending
on the distance between them . They used Markov chain to determine the number of sub sections.
For experimental purpose they used a wind farm of 25 wind turbines located in three distinct
locations, they applied the proposed Markov chain technique and used real power outputs for
illustration and validation of the results.

Wind Turbine Induction Generator System

The wind is the natural energy that generates due to the irregular atmosphere heating, the uneven
earth's surface and also due to the rotation of the earth. As discussed earlier that many researchers
used the wind energy to generate electrical power by using wind turbine. The wind turbine and the
induction generator (WTIG) schematic diagrams are shown in fig 1. Wind turbine Induction
generator system comprises of two main components which are an induction generator and a
mechanical power turbine. The power captured by the wind turbine is converted into electrical
power by the induction generator and is transmitted to the grid by the stator winding. The
generator’s stator winding is connected directly to the grid and the rotor is driven by the wind
turbine.

~ ~ ~
Wind

GNERATOR

Electrical
Power

Figure 1: Wind turbine induction generator system with electrical grid connection

Power generation by Wind Mechanical Turbine

The Mechanical turbine is the most essential and important part of the wind turbine. The electrical
power generation is totally depended upon the mechanical power produced by the turbine. The
mechanical output power of the turbine is directly proportional to the wind speed, air density and
the surface area swept by the rotor mathematically can be written as in Eq. 1 below:

ρA
Pm = c p (λ , β ) υ 3 wind , (1)
2

Where:
Pm = Mechanical output power of the turbine (W)
c p = Performance coefficient of the turbine
 Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 793 335

ρ= Air density (kg/m3)

A = Turbine swept area (m2)
υ wind , = Wind speed (m/s)
λ= Tip speed ratio of the rotor blade tip speed to wind speed
β = Blade pitch angle (deg)

As defined in [13], the performance coefficient of the wind turbine c p (λ , β ) can be calculated by
using the following Eq. 2:

c p (λ , β ) = c1 (c 2 / λi − c3 β − c 4 )e − c5 / λi + c6 λ , (2)

1 1 0.035
With = − 3
λi λ + 0.08β β 1
Wind Farm Energy for Electricity Generation
The employment of wind energy for the electricity generation is one of the most diffused
technologies for the exploitation of renewable energy sources. A wind farm is a group of wind
turbines located in the same place to generate bulk quantity of electrical energy. These wind farms
are mostly consist of several hundreds of individual wind turbines and are located on highly windy
areas and are spread over an area of hundreds of squared Kms. Based on the selected location the
wind farms can be categorized into two different types 1) OFF Shore wind farm, 2) ON shore Wind
Farm. A typical onshore wind farm of average monthly wind speed data in Perlis is shown in fig 2.

Application and Results

Average monthly wind speed data in Perlis

8
7 7.03
6.48
6 6.11
5 4.97 4.94
4.45 4.15 4.45 4.35 4.3
4 3.97 3.9
3
2
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Figure 2: Wind speed data in Perlis for year 2013

Simulation Work: For simulation and demonstration of the mechanical power from the wind
speed data and to calculate total output electrical power generated from the wind farm, it is
necessary to choose the parameters of wind turbine. In this experiment the wind turbine parameters
are calculated on the bases of the wind speed date as shown in table 1.
336 Electrical Power Engineering and Sustainable Development of Industry

Table1: Wind Turbine Parameters

Wind Turbine Parameters

Air Density (Rho) 1.23

Blade Length (l) 52

Swept Area (A) 8495.968

Power Coefficient (Cp) 0.3

The mechanical output power generated by the wind turbine on monthly wind average speed,
can be calculated by substituting the wind turbine parameters in table 1 into eq.1 above. It can be
seen that, the output mechanical power for the wind turbine is strongly affected by the wind speed
as illustrated in the graph shown in Fig 3 below.

Output Mechanical Power on Month Avarage Wind Speed

600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Figure 3: Output Mechanical Power of Wind Speed on Month Average

From the graph shown in Fig 3 above, it is clear that the amount of output mechanical power
generated by proposed wind farm is enough to produce sufficient amount of electricity. This power
is varying from maximum of 0.5 MW to minimum of 0.1 MW, this is good enough to generate an
average of 2 MW electrical power.

Result and Conclusions

In this paper, a wind turbine farm with a cluster of wind turbines for electrical energy production in
Malaysia’ smallest state Perlis (Kuala Perlis) is presented. The proposed system may be connected
to grid-system that will have the ability to provide a small village with the required electrical power.
The metrological data for Kuala Perlis, Perlis Malaysia were used to analyze the proposed system.
Results showed that the generated output power from a set of wind turbines (wind farm) was
sufficient for small towns. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed system can be used as
an alternate power generation system for small town and it also can be used as a backbone support
for the main power generation grid as a good alternate energy resource.
 Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 793 337

Acknowledgements

This work was done by using the facilities of the school of electrical system of engineering –
University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). Using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone
who supported me throughout the research. I express my warm thanks to Assoc. Prof. F. Malek and
all the other co-authors for their support

References
[1]. Hussain A. S. T., Ahmed, S. F., Tanveer, M. H., Hazry, D., Joyo, M. K., & Warsi, F. A.
“Induction Generator Based Wind Turbine for Electrical Power Generation”, International
Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering, Vol. No.2, Issue No.11, November
2013
[2]. Maurya, V. Kumar, et al. "Analysis on Micro Grid using Solar Cell/Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell
for Energy Supply in Remote Areas." Journal of Environmental Science 2.2 (2013): 299-315.
[3]. S., Mergül. "Mediterranean Windmills at the Intersection of Sustainability, Locality, and
Interior Design." ICSDEC 2012@Developing the Frontier of Sustainable Design,
Engineering, and Construction. ASCE, 2013.
[4]. B. John. "Method for controlling a wind farm, wind farm controller, wind farm, computer-
readable medium and program element." U.S. Patent Application 13/848,113.
[5]. Terra-Gen Press Release, Terra-Gen Power is a renewable energy company in USA, 17 April
2012
[6]. Muljadi, E.,Nix, G. ;Bialasiewicz, J.T. , “Analysis of the dynamics of a wind-turbine water-
pumping system“, IEEE Proceeding on Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting vol. 4,
2000, PP: 2506 - 2519
[7]. Z. Jiang ; Xunwei Yu, “Modeling and control of an integrated wind power generation and
energy storage system”, IEEE Proceeding on Power & Energy Society General Meeting,
2009, PP 1 - 8
[8]. G. He ; Jie Li, “Wind-Induced Response Analysis of Wind Turbine System”, Second
International IEEE Conference on Information and Computing Science Vol 4, 2009, PP: 334
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