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Deflection of Beams
Deflection of Beams
Deflection of Beams
Sivakumar
Deflection of beams
Introduction
Introduction
The axis of a beam deflects from its initial position under action of applied forces. Accurate
values for these beam deflections are sought in many practical cases: elements of
accuracy under load; in buildings, floor beams cannot deflect excessively to avoid the
flight structures.
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Deflection of Beams
d2 y
k=
1
= dx 2
R ⎧ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎫3 / 2
⎪ d y ⎪
⎨1 + ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟ ⎬
⎩⎪ ⎝ dx ⎠ ⎭⎪
d2 y
k=
dx 2
Since, σ x = − My / EI
and k = −ε / y, and ε = σ x / E
k = M / EI
d2 y
∴ M = EI
dx 2
where M = My
Hence,
d2 y
EI = M(x)
dx 2
dM
Since, V =
dx
d3 y
EI = V(x)
dx 3
dv
Since, w =
dx
d4 y
EI = w (x)
dx 4
Boundary Conditions
Refer figure 5.2.7(a) – (d)
y(x1) = 0; y'(x1)=0;
y(x1) = 0; M (x1)=0;
M (x1) = 0; V(x1) = 0;
y'(x1) = 0; V (x1)=0;
Example:
Question: A Cantilever beam is subjected to a bending moment M at the force end. Take
flexural rigidity to be constant and equal to EI. Find the equation of the elastic curve.
d2 y
EI = Ma
dx 2
Integrating
EI dy/dx = Max + C1
at x = 0; dy/dx = 0
which gives C1 = 0
Integrating again,
Ma x 2
EIy = + C2
2
y = 0; at x = 0 gives
C2 = 0
Ma x 2
∴ y=
2EI
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beam.
This method makes use of the Moment - Area theorems given below.
M d2 y
=
EI dx 2
M d ⎛ dy ⎞
= ⎜ ⎟
EI dx ⎝ dx ⎠
Let dy/dx = θ
M dθ
=
EI dx
M
∫ dθ = ∫ EI dx
Referring to figure down
Q
M
∴ θQ/P = θQ − θP = ∫ EI dx
P
This is the first moment area theorem, Where P and Q are any two sections on the beam.
ie change in angle measured in radians between any two point P and Q on the elastic
curve is equal to the M/EI area bounded by the ordinates through P and Q.
dh = x . dθ
Q
∴ h Q/P = ∫ dh
P
Q
= ∫ xdθ
P
Q
M
= ∫ EI x dx
P
If x P is the distance of centroid of the bending moment diagram between P and Q from P,
(Refer Figure)
then
h P / Q = Ax P
h Q /P = Ax Q
where A is the area of the BM diagram between P and Q. x p and x Q are as shown in
figure.
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