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Automatic Power Factor Correction
Automatic Power Factor Correction
Automatic Power Factor Correction
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Date of Submission: 15-07-2020 Date of Acceptance: 31-07-2020
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ABSTRACT: Power is precious. In the present factor near to unity and it can be done by using
scenario as the demand for power is increasing with power factor correction equipment. So this paper
time, transmission and distribution of power with introduces a very simple, easy and low cost method
minimum losses has become more important. Power to improve power factor automatically.
factor plays a very important role in minimising of
losses in power system. Hence it is required to Disadvantages Of Low Power Factor
maintain a power factor near to unity. It can be At low power factor, the current drawn by the
maintained near to unity by using power factor load is very high, which results in high copper
correction equipment. This paper presents losses, overheating and a shorter lifespan of the
information about automatic power factor correction equipment.
using ATmega328. In the proposed paper Automatic At low power factor, high current is required by
power factor correction is done by using arduino the equipments, due to which the economic cost
controller ATmega328 and the controller is of the equipment increases.
programmed using Emon library which is simple
and efficient than other methods. Whenever the Advantages Of Power Factor Improvement
inductive load is operating at low power factor, Reduced power losses.
shunt capacitor will connect across the load and Increase system capacity
improve the power factor automatically. This paper Conserve energy
reviews the disadvantages of lagging power factor, Save on utility cost
advantages of power factor improvement, working
Increase lifespan of the equipment.
methodology and its future scope.
Reduced current consumption by the load.
KEYWORDS: Power factor, Active power,
Reactive power ATmega328.
II. WORKING PRINCIPLE
230V AC is converted into 9V AC using
I. INTRODUCTION
step down transformer. Step down voltage then
An electric power system is a network of
passed through the full wave rectifier and gets
electrical components deployed to supply, transfer
converted to 9V DC. Output of the rectifier that is
and use electrical power. Any inductive load that
pulsating DC is filtered by 1000μF capacitor. 9V
operates on alternating current requires apparent
DC is converted into +5V DC using 7805 regulator
power. But apparent power is the addition of
to power controller and LCD. The measurable
active power and reactive power. Active power
current and voltage from CT and PT is given to the
performs useful work while reactive power does no
Atmega328 controller to process it. It calculates the
useful work but is used for developing the magnetic
power factor using Emon library. Whenever power
field required by the device. The simplest way to
factor falls below the specified value, Atmega328
specify power factor is the ratio of active power
actuates relay.
to the apparent power. Power factor basically
Relay switches capacitor to the load and
states how far the energy provided has been utilized.
improves the power factor. Output will be displayed
The ideal power factor is unity. If the power
on LCD automatically. It will display voltage,
factor is less than unity it means that excess
current and power factor values. This process will
power is required to perform the same amount
automatically switch on and off the capacitors by
of work. Hence it is required to maintain a power
DOI: 10.35629/5252-0203146149 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 146
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 2, Issue 3, pp: 146-149 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252
relay board and all the changing power factor values EMON LIBRARY
along with voltage and current will be displayed on Emon library indicates electricity or energy
LCD. monitoring library. It can be used to measure how
much electrical energy is used. It measures voltage
with an AC to AC power adapter and current with a
clip on CT sensor, by making the setup quite safe as
no high voltage work is needed.
The energy monitor can calculate real
power, apparent power, power factor, rms voltage,
rms current. All the calculations are done in the
digital domain on an Arduino.
By the following example we can understand the
working of Emon library in the Arduino code.
ATMEGA328
ATmega328 is a very popular microcontroller
chip produced by Atmel. It is an 8-bit
microcontroller that has 32K of flash memory, 1K
of EEPROM, and 2K of internal SRAM. This is the
very popular controller used in Arduino boards.
Because of its high performance with low power
consumption it is best for power factor correction
than the other controllers.
Fig-3. Use of Emon library in the Arduino coding
DOI: 10.35629/5252-0203146149 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 147
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 2, Issue 3, pp: 146-149 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252
transform the load voltage to a measurable value to current flows, the two contacts remains closed.
send it to a micro controller for further calculations. When the current is switched off, the attractive force
This module makes it easy to measure AC on armature is no longer present and the contact is
voltage up to 1000 volts without any noise. opened. Thus whenever there a signal from
controller, relay operates and switches capacitor to
SHUNT CAPACITOR the load to improve power factor.
DOI: 10.35629/5252-0203146149 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 148
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 2, Issue 3, pp: 146-149 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252
V. FUTURE SCOPE
The proposed system can be extended and
implemented in industries and power systems. By
using controllers which are most powerful, very fast
acting and fast switching of capacitors can leads to a
fast power factor correction. This can be done in
future, which may leads to save a large amount of
power to the power industries.
VI. CONCLUSION
The proposed project provides one of the
simplest ways to improve the power factor
automatically. This method eliminates the use of op-
amp, zero crossing detectors and EXOR gates.
Because of the Arduino IDE libraries, it became
possible to get Emon library for measuring phase
difference between voltage and current, and all other
information (i.e. active power, reactive power,
apparent power, power factor). Based on this
analysis, a program is written to achieve a power
factor close to unity. This program incorporates
switching of capacitors automatically through relay
board in order to compensate the lagging power
factor. This method deals with modify method of
automatic power factor correction using a popular
arduino controller Atmega328.
REFERENCES
[1]. Mr.Gaurav Goyal, Ashwani Gupta,
Bhupendra Pratap Bhaskar, Abhishek Singh
& Ajay Verma, “Automatic power factor
control using Microcontroller”, International
journal of Advance research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering.
Vol.6, Issue-4, April 2017.
[2]. Mr.A.R.Yadav, S.S.Waghmode,
G.B.Gawade, S.S. Zinjade, P.T.Patil, “A
Review on Microcontroller Based Automatic
Power Factor Correction”, International
journal of advanced research in electrical and
electronics and instrumentation engineering.
Vol. 5, Issue 3, March 2016
[3]. Md.Shohel Rana, Md.Naim Miah & Habibur
Rahman, “Automatic Power Factor
Improvement by using Microcontroller”,
Global journal of researches in electrical and
electronics engineering, Year-2013.
[4]. Utpal, Rishav, Madhu Tiwari, “Automatic
Power Factor Correction Using Capacitor
Banks”, International Journal of Innovative
Research in Electrical, Electronics,
Instrumentation and Control Engineering.
DOI: 10.35629/5252-0203146149 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 149