Universidad Mayor de San Simón Facultad de Ciencias Y Tecnología Carrera de Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Matemáticas Y Licenciatura en Física

UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN SIMÓN
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y TECNOLOGÍA

CARRERA DE LICENCIATURA EN INGENIERÍA EN MATEMÁTICAS Y
LICENCIATURA EN FÍSICA
UMS
MATERIA: Inglés I (1803005)

DOCENTE: Lic. Ma. Benita Céspedes Guizada
2019
READING AND EXERCISES
VOCABULARY
Sum: The sum is the answer when numbers are added.
Doubles plus one: Addition facts whose sums are one more than the sum of a
doubles fact.
1. Count by twos. Circle each number. Count by fives. Underline each

number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
2. Draw base ten blocks to show how many.
16 43 60
3. Three boys. Four girls. How many children in all? Use the operation
symbol. Draw the number of boys and girls. Write the number
sentence.
_______________ О _________ = __________
4. Write the number sentence. There are 9 birds. 4 birds leave. How
many birds are left?
_______________ О _________ = __________
5. Use the chart. Make a bar graph.
2
Favourite Colors
Red √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Yellow √ √ √
blue √ √ √ √ √ √
Favourite Colors
Red
Yellow
Blue
6. Follow the directions.
a. Draw a red square

b. Draw a large green triangle above the red square.
c. Draw a small blue circle below the red square.
7. Use the same shapes to make a different pattern. Draw your new
pattern.
8. Show a way to solve this problem: I have some markers. I gave 3 of

them away. Now I have 7. How many markers did I have to start?
3
I had ______________ markers to start.
9. DOUBLES PLUS ONE. Addition facts whose sums are one more
than the sum of a doubles fact.
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Doubles: 8 + 8 = 16 doubles plus one: 8 + 9 = 17
Doubles: 6 + ___ = doubles plus one: 6 + ___ =
Doubles: 4 + ___ = doubles plus one: 4 + ___ =
10. Changing the order of the addends does not change the sum.
4 + 2 = 6 2 + 4 = 6
7 + 3 = 3 + ___ =
4 + 5 = ___ + ___ =
11. ORDER AND ZERO PROPERTIES. Any number plus zero equals
the same number.
8 + 0 = 8 0 + 8 = 8
0 + 6 = ___ 6 + 0 = ___
0 + 11 = ___ 11 + 0 = ___
12. COUNT ON 1, 2, 3. Start with the greater number. Count on to find

the sum.
Say 8. 8 Say 8 8
Count on 1 . 9 + 9 Count on 2 9,10 +2
__________
_________
The sum is 9 The sum is 10
Now circle the greater number. Count on to find the sum.
3 + 9 = 9 + 2 = 1 + 9 =
4
2 +9 = 7 + 2 = 3 + 4 =
6 + 1 = 4 + 3 = 10 + 1 =
13. Problem Solving. Find the sum.
a. Rob has 7 shirts. Ed has 2 more than Rob. How many shirts does Ed
have?
b. Susan has 3 pennies. Mary has 5 more than Susan. How many pennies
does Mary have?
c. Megan has 10 shells. 7 shells are pink and the rest are orange. How
many orange shells does Megan have?
14. DOUBLES AND DOUBLES PLUS ONE.
a. DOUBLES: Both addends are the same.
4 + 4 = 8
b. DOUBLES PLUS ONE: The second addend is 1 more.
4 + 5 = 9
Now write the sum. Write the doubles-plus-one fact.
5 + 5 = 10 5 + 6 = 11
6 + 6 = ____ ____ + ____ = _____
3 + 3 = ____ ____ + ____ = _____
7 + 7 = ____ ____ + ____ = _____
9 + 9 = ____ ____ + ____ = _____
5
15. Put a triangle in the doubles answer boxes. Then write the sum. Put
a square in the doubles-plus-one answer boxes. Then write the
sum. Complete the addition table.
+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
16. MAKE A TEN. Add 8 + 5.
a. Use a ten frame. Put in 8 counters. Put 5 counters outside.
b. Then make a ten. Move 2 counters to fill the ten frame. 8 + 2 = 10
c. Add 10 and 3. 10 + 3 = 13
6
17. Use a ten frame and + to make a ten. Find the sum.
5 + 8 = 8 + 6 = 9 + 6 = 5 + 9 =
6 + 5 = 7 + 9 = 9 + 4 = 8 + 8 =
18. Megan has 10 shells. 7 shells are pink and the rest are orange. How
many orange shells does Megan have?
19. Add three numbers in different ways.
Choose two number to add first. Look for facts you know.
7 + 2 + 3 = 12 7 + 2 + 3 = 12 7 + 2 + 3
= 12
9 + 3 = 12 7 + 5 = 12 10 + 2
= 12
Choose the addends you add first. Write the sum.
6 + 2 + 1 = 6 + 2 + 1 =
5 + 3 + 4 = 5 + 3 + 4 =
4 + 2 + 7 = 4 + 2 + 7 =
4 + 5 + 4 = 4 + 5 + 4 =
6 + 6 + 2 = 6 + 6 + 2 =
20. PROBLEM SOLVING. Draw grapes on the 3 plates.
8 grapes 5 grapes 6 grapes
a. Ari eats the grapes on the first two plates and Jane eats the grapes
on the third plate. How many grapes do they eat altogether?
b. If Ari eats the grapes on the first plate and Jane eats the grapes on
the other two plates, how many grapes do they eat altogether?
7
c. Are your answers the same? Why or why not?
21. PROBLEM SOLVING. Mercedes finds 3 shells on Monday. She finds

double that many shells on Tuesday. How many shells does she
find in all?
22. PROBLEM SOLVING. Samuel collects 5 brown shells and 4 white

shells. How many shells does he collect?
23. PROBLEM SOLVING. Natalia sees 8 crabs. Then 4 crabs join them.
How many crabs does Natalia see altogether?
24. PROBLEM SOLVING. Patricia sees 6 large starfish and 4 small

starfish. How many starfish does she see in all?
25. PROBLEM SOLVING. Gabriela catches 9 fish. Tomas catches

double that number. How many fish does Tomas catch?
26. PROBLEM SOLVING. Gina catches 9 fish. Bob catches double that
number. How many fish does Bob catch?
VOCABULARY
A fact family: It is a group of addition and subtraction facts that use the
same numbers. Here is the fact family for 7, 8 and 15:
7 + 8 = 15 8 + 7 = 15
15 – 7 = 8 15 – 8 = 7
8
Difference: The answer to a subtraction problem is the difference.
Subtract.
3–3= 9–0= 8–8=
18 – 0 = 14 – 0 = 6–6=
15 – 0 = 4–4= 1–1=
When you subtract 0 from a number, what will the answer always be? Why?
Count back to find the difference.
What is 9 - 1? What is 6 - 2?
5–2= 6–1= 10 – 1 =
11 – 2 = 7–1= 8–1=
93 – 24 = 95 – 1 = 86 – 2 =
Write the missing numbers.
9 - 1 = 10 – 1 = 11 – 1 =
9 - 2 = 10 – 2 = 11 – 2 =
9 - =5 10 – =7 11 – = 6
9 - =0 10 – =4 11 – = 8
Add or Subtract.
6+ 5= 11 – 5 =
4 + 3 = 7 - 3 =
3 + 7= 10 + 7 =
How does knowing 7 + 5 = 12 help you solve 12 – 5?
PROBLEM SOLVING. Mary got a toy turtle for 9 cents and a toy fish for
8cents. How much money did she spend?
PROBLEM SOLVING. Nathan had 17 cents. He spent 8 cents. How much

money did he have left?
FACT FAMILIES
9
6 blue 7 red
♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
13 in all
6 + 7 = 13 7 + 6 = 13
13 - 7 = 13 13 - 7 = 6
Write the fact family for the set of numbers.
8 9
♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
17
______ + ______ = ______ ______ + ______ =

______
______ - ______ = ______ ______ - ______ =

______
6 8
♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
♦
14
______ + ______ = ______ ______ + ______ =

______
______ - ______ = ______ ______ - ______ =

______
10
How many different number sentence can you write for the set of numbers
6, 6, and 12? Why?
Write the fact family for the set of numbers.
12 8 4
______ + ______ = ______ ______ + ______ =

______
______ - ______ = ______ ______ - ______ =

______
16 9 7
______ + ______ = ______ ______ + ______ =

______
______ - ______ = ______ ______ - ______ =

______
15 7 8
______ + ______ = ______ ______ + ______ =

______
______ - ______ = ______ ______ - ______ =

______
11 4 7
______ + ______ = ______ ______ + ______ =

______
______ - ______ = ______ ______ - ______ =

______
11
Which statements equal 9? Which statements do not?
9 √ or X
18 - 9
14 - 5
13 - 5
2 +2+ 4
3 + 2+4
16 - 7
3 + 3 + 3
Circle the statements that equal the number at the top. Cross out others.
Correct those statements.
12 √ or X
6 + 5
5 + 5 + 2
3 + 9
8 + 4
3 + 7
6 + 6
7 √ or X
0 + 10
2 + 5
3 + 0 + 5
16 - 9
15 - 8
4 + 3
14 √ or X
14 + 0
7 + 9
17 - 3
7 + 4 + 2
14 - 0
7 + 7
12
11 √ or X
1 + 5 + 5
5 + 6
12 - 1
6 + 2 + 2
6 + 6
14 - 3
Write + or - . Make each equal 6.
13 О 7 4 О 2 14 О 8 2 О 2 О 2
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION PRACTICE
Review
Write the sum using different strategies for each group.
4
Use doubles 11
8 16 9
5
1
9
Count on 2
8
10
Use doubles plus 7
1 5
6
8
4
7 Count on 3
7
8
9
Add 0 10
12
5
10
7
Count on 1
7
13
VOCABULARY
Missing number: it is a number missing from the first part of an addition or

subtraction sentence.
For example, in 7 + _____ = 15, the missing number is 8.
Write the missing number.
a.
b. 6 + _4 _ = 10
c. ____ + 9 = 12
d. 7 + ____ = 14
e. ____ + 5 = 11
f. 8 + ____ = 16
g. 15 - 6 = ____
h. 13 - 8 = ____
i. 12 - 9 = ____
j. ____ + 15 = 8
k. 11 - 5 = ____
l. 6 + ____ = 11
m. ____+ 9 = 23
There are many ways to subtract.
Subtract zero and all Count back
13 – 0 = 13 12 – 3 = 9
10 - 10 = 0 Say 12. Count back 3: 11, 10,

9
Use doubles Use addition
9 + 9 = 18 so 8 + 6 = 14
18 – 9 = 9 14 – 6 = 8
14
Subtract. Choose a strategy.
9–1=
10 – 5 =
13 – 5 =
9–3=
15 – 15 =
10 – 3 =
15 – 0 =
12 – 12 =
11 – 1 =
16 – 8 =
For which problems did you use doubles?
PROBLEM SOLVING: Write a number sentence to solve.
There were 15 girls at the game. Then 6 girls went home. How many girls were
still at the game?
After the game, 9 girls and 7 boys had a picnic. How many children were at the
picnic?
In the yard, 9 girls played catch. Then 8 more girls joined them. How many girls
played catch?
At the game, 7 girls and 5 boys cheered. How many children cheered at the
game?
There were 5 wooden bats and 8 metal bats. How many bats were there in all?
There were 16 girls and 8 boys playing ball. How many more girls than boys
were playing ball?
At the game, 4 girls sat together. Then9 more girls joined them. How many girls
were sitting together?
Luis had _____ marbles. He found some more marbles. Then he had 12
marbles. How many marbles did he find?
15
Note: The exercises above have been taken from Harcourt Math. Harcourt
School Publishers.2002. Some of them have been modified.
16
MULTIPLYING TWO-DIGIT NUMBERS
Multiplying two 2-digit numbers

(same 1st digit)
1. Select two 2-digit numbers with the same first digit.

2. Multiply their second digits (keep the carry). _ _ _ X
3. Multiply the sum of the second digits by the first digit,
add the carry (keep the carry). _ _ X _
4. Multiply the first digits (add the carry). X X _ _
Example:
1. If the first number is 42, choose 45 as the second number (any 2-digit
number with first digit 4).
2. Multiply the last digits: 2 × 5 = 10 (keep carry)
___0
3. Multiply the sum of the 2nd digits by the first:
5 + 2 = 7; 7 × 4 = 28; 28 + 1 = 29 (keep carry)
__9_
4. Multiply the first digits (add the carry)
4 × 4 = 16; 16 + 2 = 18
18__
5. So 42 × 45 = 1890.

(same 1st digit, 2nd digits sum to 10)
1. Both numbers should have the same first digit.

2. Choose second digits whose sum is 10.
3. Multiply the first digit by one number greater than itself; this number will
be the first part of the answer:
X X _ _.
4. Multiply the two second digits together; the product
will be the last part of the answer: _ _ X X.
Note: If the two second digits are 1 and 9 (or, more generally, have a product
that is less than ten), insert a 0 (zero) for the first X in step 4.
(Thanks to Michael Richardson, age 10, for this note.)
Example:
1. If the first number is 47, choose 43 as the second number (same first
digit, second digits add to 10).
2. 4 × 5 = 20 (multiply the first digit by one number greater than itself): the
first part of the answer is
2 0 _ _.
17
3. 7 × 3 = 21 (multiply the two second digits together); the last part of the
answer is _ _ 2 1.
4. So 47 × 43 = 2021.
Multiplying two 2-digit numbers (same 2nd digit)
1. Both numbers should have the same second digit.

2. Choose first digits whose sum is 10.
3. Multiply the first digits and add one second: X X _ _.
4. Multiply the second digits together: _ _ X X.
Example:
1. If the first number is 67, choose 47 as the second number (same second
digit, first digits add to 10).
2. Multiply the 1st digits, add one 2nd.
6x4 = 24, 24+7 = 31. 3 1 _ _
3. Multiply the 2nd digits. 7x7 = 49 _ _ 4 9
4. So 67 × 47 = 3149.
MULTIPLYING TWO 2-DIGIT NUMBERS

(difference of 1)
1. Choose a 2-digit number.

2. Select a number either 1 smaller or 1 larger.
3. Square the larger number (multiply it by itself).
4. Subtract the larger number from the product.
OR
5. Square the smaller number (multiply it by itself).
6. Add the smaller number to the product. Pick the easier one to square.
Example:
1. If the first number is 76, choose 75 as the second number.

2. 75 × 75 = 5625 (square the smaller). Remember how to square a two-
digit number ending in 5?
3. 5625 + 75 = 5700 (add the smaller).
4. So 76 × 75 = 5700.

(difference of 2)

18
3. Square the average of the two numbers.
4. Subtract 1 from this square.
Example:

2. The average of 29 and 31 is 30. Square 30: 30 × 30 = 900.
3. Subtract 1: 900 - 1 = 899.
4. So 29 × 31 = 899.

(difference of 3)

3. Add 1 to the smaller number, then square.
4. Subtract one from the smaller number.
5. Add this to the square.
Example:

2. Add 1 to the smaller number: 24 + 1 = 25.
3. Square this number: 25 × 25 = 625.
4. Subtract one from the smaller number: 24 - 1 = 23.
5. Add this to the square: 625 + 23 = 648.
6. So 27 × 24 = 648.

(difference of 4)

3. Find the middle number of the two (the average).
4. Square this middle number.
Example:

2. The middle number (the average) is 65.
3. Square this middle number: 65 × 65 = 4225. (Remember how to square
a 2-digit number ending in 5?)
4. Subtract 4 from this square: 4225 - 4 = 4221.
5. So 63 × 67 = 4221.

(difference of 6)
19
4. Square this middle number.
Example:

3. Square this middle number: 75 × 75 = 5625. (Remember how to square
a 2-digit number ending in 5?)
5. So 78 × 72 = 5616.

(difference of 8)

4. Square this middle number (multiply it by itself).
Example:
1. If the first number is 34, choose 26 as the second number (8 smaller).

3. Square this middle number: 30 × 30 = 900.
5. So 34 × 26 = 884.
Multiplying two 2-digit numbers (difference of 10)

4. Square this middle number (multiply it by itself).
Example:
1. If the first number is 36, choose 26 as the second number (10 smaller).
3. Square this middle number: 31 × 31 = 961. (Remember how to square a
2-digit number ending in 1?)
4. Subtract 25 from this square: 961 - 25 = 936
(subtract mentally in steps: think 961 - 20 - 5 = 941 - 5 = 936).
5. So 36 × 26 = 936.
MULTIPLYING TWO SELECTED 3-DIGIT NUMBERS
20
Multiplying two selected 3-digit numbers
(middle digit 0)
1. Select a 3-digit number with a middle digit of 0.

2. Choose a multiplier with the same first two digits, whose third digit sums
to 10 with the third digit of the first 3-digit number.
3. The first digit(s) will be the square of the first digit:
X _ _ _ _ or X X _ _ _ _.
4. The next digit will be the first digit of the numbers:
_ X _ _ _ or _ _ X _ _ _.
5. The next digit is zero: _ _ 0 _ _ or _ _ _ 0 _ _.
6. The last two digits will be the product of the third digits:
_ _ _ X X or _ _ _ _ X X.
Example:
digits, second digits add to 10).
2. 4 × 4 = 16 (square the first digit): 1 6 _ _ _ _.
3. The next digit will be the first digit of the numbers:
__4__.
4. The next digit is zero: _ _ 0 _ _ .
5. 7 × 3 = 21 (the last two digits will be the product of the third digits: _ _ _ 2
1.
6. So 407 × 403 = 164021.

(middle digit 1)

3. The last two digits will be the product of the first digits:
_ _ _ 0 X or _ _ _ _ X X.
4. The third digit from the right will be 2:
_ _ 2 _ _ or _ _ _ 2 _ _ .
5. The next digit to the left will be 3 times the first digit of the number (keep
carry):
_ X _ _ _ or _ _ X _ _ _.
6. The first digits will be the square of the first digit plus the carry:
X _ _ _ _ or X X _ _ _ _.
As you determine the digits in the answer from right to left, repeat them
to yourself at each step until you have the whole answer.
Example:
21
digits, second digits add to 10).
2. 4 × 6 = 24 (multiply the first digits) - last two digits:
_ _ _ _ 2 4.
3. The third digit from the right is 2: _ _ 2 _ _ .
4. 8 × 3 = 24 (the next digit to the left is 3 times the first digit (keep carry 2):
__4___.
5. 8 × 8 = 64; 64 + 2 = 66 ( the first digits are the square of the first digit
plus the carry: 6 6 _ _ _ _.
6. So 814 × 816 = 664224.

(middle digit 2)

3. The last two digits will be the product of the third digits: _ _ _ _X X.
4. The third digit from the right will be 6: _ _ 6 _ _.
5. The next digit to the left will be 5 times the first digit of the number (keep
carry): _ _ X _ _ _.
6. The first digits will be the square of the first digit plus the carry: X X _ _ _
_.
Example:
digits, third digits add to 10).
2. 2 × 8 = 16 (multiply the third digits) - last two digits:
_ _ _ _ 1 6.
3. The third digit from the right is 6: _ _ 6 _ _ _.
4. 5 × 6 = 30 (the next digit to the left is 5 times the first digit (keep carry 3):
__0___.
6. So 622 × 628 = 390616.

(middle digit 3)
1. Select a 3-digit number with a middle digit of 3 (last digit not zero).
3. The last two digits will be the product of the third digits: _ _ _ _ X X.
4. The third digit from the right will be 2: _ _ 2 _ _.
5. The next digit to the left will be 7 times the first digit of the number plus 1
(keep carry): _ _ X _ _ _.
22
6. The first digits will be the square of the first digit plus the carry: X X _ _ _ _.
Example:
2. 1 × 9 = 09 (multiply the third digits) - last two digits:
_ _ _ _ 0 9.
3. The third digit from the right is 2: _ _ 2 _ _ _.
4. 7 × 6 = 42, 42 + 1 = 43 (the next digit to the left is 7 times the first digit
plus 1 (keep carry 4): _ _ 3 _ _ _ .
6. So 631 × 639 = 403209.

(middle digit 4)
3. The last three digits will be 0 and the product of the third digits: _ _ _ 0 X
X.
4. The third digit from the right will be 9 times the first digit + 2 (keep the
carry): _ _ X _ _.
5. The first two digits will be the square of the first digit plus the carry: X X _
_ _ _.
Example:
2. Last three digits: 0 and the product of the third digits: 1 × 9 = 9: _ _ 0 0 9
3. Next digit: 9 times the first digit + 2: 9 × 5 = 45, 45 + 2 = 47 (keep carry
4): _ _ 7 _ _ _
4. First two digits: square the first and carry: 5 × 5 = 25, 25 + 4 = 29: 2 9 _ _
__
5. So 541 × 549 = 297009.

(middle digit 5)
23
3. The last three digits will be 0 and the product of the third digits: _ _ _ 0 X
X.
4. The third digit from the right will be the first digit + 3 (keep the carry): _ _
X _ _.
5. The first digit will be the first digit times the next number plus the carry: X
X _ _ _ _.
Repeat those digits from left to right as you get them.
Example:
2. Last three digits: 0 and the product of the third digits:
2 × 8 = 16: _ _ 0 1 6
3. Next digit: first digit + 3: 7 + 3 = 10 (keep carry 1):
__0___
4. First two digits: first digit times next number plus carry: 7 × 8 = 56, 56 + 1
= 57: 5 7 _ _ _ _
5. So 752 × 758 = 570016.
SQUARING NUMBERS
Squaring a 2-digit number beginning with 1
1. Take a 2-digit number beginning with 1.

2. Square the second digit
(keep the carry) _ _ X
3. Multiply the second digit by 2 and
add the carry (keep the carry) _ X _
4. The first digit is one
(plus the carry) X _ _
Example:
1. If the number is 16, square the second digit:

6 × 6 = 36 _ _ 6
2. Multiply the second digit by 2 and
add the carry: 2 × 6 + 3 = 15 _ 5 _
3. The first digit is one plus the carry:
1+1=2 2__
4. So 16 × 16 = 256.
24

2. Square the first digit.
3. Add this number to the second number to find the first part of the answer.
4. Square the second digit: this is the last part of the answer.
Example:
1. If the number is 58, multiply 5 × 5 = 25 (square the first digit).

2. 25 + 8 = 33 (25 plus second digit).
3. The first part of the answer is 33 3 3 _ _
4. 8 × 8 = 64 (square second digit).
5. The last part of the answer is 64 _ _ 6 4
6. So 58 × 58 = 3364.

2. Subtract it from 100.
3. Subtract the difference from the original number:
this is the first part of the answer.
4. Square the difference: this is the last part of the answer.
Example:
1. If the number is 96, subtract: 100 - 96 = 4, 96 - 4 = 92.

2. The first part of the answer is 92 _ _ .
3. Take the first difference (4) and square it: 4 × 4 = 16.
4. The last part of the answer is _ _ 16.
5. So 96 × 96 = 9216.
Squaring a 2-digit number ending in 1
1. Take a 2-digit number ending in 1.

2. Subtract 1 from the number.
3. Square the difference.
4. Add the difference twice to its square.
5. Add 1.
Example:
1. If the number is 41, subtract 1: 41 - 1 = 40.

2. 40 × 40 = 1600 (square the difference).
3. 1600 + 40 + 40 = 1680 (add the difference twice
to its square).
4. 1680 + 1 = 1681 (add 1).
5. So 41 × 41 = 1681.
25
2. The last digit will be _ _ _ 4.
3. Multiply the first digit by 4: the 2nd number will be
the next to the last digit: _ _ X 4.
4. Square the first digit and add the number carried from
the previous step: X X _ _.
Example:
1. If the number is 52, the last digit is _ _ _ 4.

2. 4 × 5 = 20 (four times the first digit): _ _ 0 4.
3. 5 × 5 = 25 (square the first digit), 25 + 2 = 27 (add carry): 2 7 0 4.
4. So 52 × 52 = 2704.

2. Square the 4; the last digit is 6: _ _ _ 6
(keep carry, 1.)
3. Multiply the first digit by 8 and add the carry (1);
the 2nd number will be the next to the last digit:
_ _ X 6 (keep carry).
4. Square the first digit and add the carry: X X _ _.
Example:
1. If the number is 34, 4 × 4 = 16 (keep carry, 1);

the last digit is _ _ _ 6.
2. 8 × 3 = 24 (multiply the first digit by 8), 24 + 1 = 25
(add the carry):
the next digit is 5: _ _ 5 6. (Keep carry, 2.)
3. Square the first digit and add the carry, 2: 1 1 5 6.
4. So 34 × 34 = 1156.
1. Choose a 2-digit number ending in 5.

2. Multiply the first digit by the next consecutive number.
3. The product is the first two digits: XX _ _.
4. The last part of the answer is always 25: _ _ 2 5.
Example:
1. If the number is 35, 3 × 4 = 12 (first digit

times next number). 1 2 _ _
2. The last part of the answer is always 25: _ _ 2 5.
3. So 35 × 35 = 1225.
26
2. Square the second digit (keep the carry): the last digit
of the answer is always 6: _ _ _ 6
3. Multiply the first digit by 2 and add the carry
(keep the carry): _ _ X _
4. Multiply the first digit by the next consecutive number and
add the carry: the product is the first two digits:
XX _ _.
Example:
1. If the number is 46, square the second digit :

6 × 6 = 36; the last digit of the answer is 6
(keep carry 3): _ _ _ 6
2. Multiply the first digit (4) by 2 and add the carry
(keep the carry): 2 × 4 = 8, 8 + 3 = 11; the next digit
of the answer is 1: _ _ 1 6
3. Multiply the first digit (4) by the next number (5)
and add the carry: 4 × 5 = 20, 20 + 1 = 21
(the first two digits): 2 1 _ _
4. So 46 × 46 = 2116.

2. The last digit of the answer is always 9: _ _ _ 9
3. Multiply the first digit by 4 and add 4
(keep the carry): _ _ X _
add the carry: the product is the first two digits:
XX _ _.
Example:
1. If the number is 47:

2. The last digit of the answer is 9: _ _ _ 9
3. Multiply the first digit (4) by 4 and add 4
(keep the carry): 4 × 4 = 16, 16 + 4 = 20; the next
digit of the answer is 0 (keep carry 2): _ _ 0 9
and add the carry (2):
4 × 5 = 20, 20 + 2 = 22 (the first two digits): 2 2 _ _
5. So 47 × 47 = 2209.

3. Multiply the first digit by 6 and add 6 (keep the
carry): _ _ X _
27
4. Multiply the first digit by the next consecutive
number and add the carry: the product is the first
two digits: XX _ _.
Example:

3. Multiply the first digit (7) by 6 and add 6 (keep the
carry): 7 × 6 = 42, 42 + 6 = 48; the next digit of the
answer is 8 (keep carry 4): _ _ 8 4
and add the carry (4):
7 × 8 = 56, 56 + 4 = 60 (the first two digits): 6 0 _ _
5. So 78 × 78 = 6084.

3. Multiply the first digit by 8 and add 8 (keep the carry): _ _ X _
add the carry: the product is the first two
digits: XX _ _.
Example:

3. Multiply the first digit (3) by 8 and add 8 (keep the
carry): 8 × 3 = 24, 24 + 8 = 32; the next digit of
the answer is 2 (keep carry 3): _ _ 2 1
and add the carry (3): 3 × 4 = 12, 12 + 3 = 15
(the first two digits): 1 5 _ _
5. So 39 × 39 = 1521.
FINDING PERCENTAGES
Finding 2 1/2 percent of a number
1. Choose a number (start with 2 digits and advance to 3 with practice).

2. Divide by 4 (or divide twice by 2).
3. Move the decimal point one place to the left.
Example:
1. If the number selected is 86:

2. Divide 86 by 4: 86/4 = 21.5
3. Move the decimal point one place to the left.: 2.15
28
4. So 2 1/2% of 86 = 2.15.
Finding 5 percent of a number
1. Choose a large number (or sum of money).

3. Divide by 2 (take half of it).
Example:
1. If the amount of money selected is $850:

2. Move the decimal point one place to the left.: 85
3. Divide by 2: 85/2 = 42.50
4. So 5% of $850 = $42.50.

2. Multiply the number by 3.
3. Divide by 2.
Example:

2. Multiply by 3: 3 × 43 = 129
3. Divide by 2: 129/2 = 64.5
4. Move the decimal point one place to the left: 6.45
5. So 15% of 43 = 6.45.

2. Divide the number by 5.
Example:

2. Divide by 5: 38/5 = 7.6
3. So 20% of 38 = 7.6.
1. Divide by 4.
Example:

2. Divide 86 by 4: 86/4 = 21.5
29
Finding 33 1/3 percent of a number
1. Choose a number.
2. Divide the number by 3.
Example: If the number selected is 74:
1. Divide by 3: 74/3 = 24 2/3.

2. So 33 1/3% of 74 = 24 2/3.

Example: If the number selected is 21:
1. Multiply by 4: 4 × 21 = 84
2. Move the decimal point one place to the left: 8.4.
3. So 40% of 21 = 8.4.

3. Divide by 2.
Example:

2. Multiply by 9: 9 × 36 = 270 + 54 = 324
3. Divide by 2: 324/2 = 162
4. Move the decimal point one place to the left: 16.2
5. So 45% of 36 = 16.2.
Note: The exercises above have been taken from

http://mathforum.org/k12/mathtips/
30

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UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN SIMÓN

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y TECNOLOGÍA

MATERIA: Inglés I (1803005)

Sum: The sum is the answer when numbers are added.

1. Count by twos. Circle each number. Count by fives. Underline each

2. Draw base ten blocks to show how many.

_______________ О _________ = __________

_______________ О _________ = __________

5. Use the chart. Make a bar graph.

6. Follow the directions.

a. Draw a red square

8. Show a way to solve this problem: I have some markers. I gave 3 of

Doubles: 8 + 8 = 16 doubles plus one: 8 + 9 = 17

Doubles: 6 + ___ = doubles plus one: 6 + ___ =

Doubles: 4 + ___ = doubles plus one: 4 + ___ =

12. COUNT ON 1, 2, 3. Start with the greater number. Count on to find

Count on 1 . 9 + 9 Count on 2 9,10 +2

The sum is 9 The sum is 10

Now circle the greater number. Count on to find the sum.

13. Problem Solving. Find the sum.

14. DOUBLES AND DOUBLES PLUS ONE.

a. DOUBLES: Both addends are the same.

b. DOUBLES PLUS ONE: The second addend is 1 more.

Now write the sum. Write the doubles-plus-one fact.

6 + 6 = ____ ____ + ____ = _____

3 + 3 = ____ ____ + ____ = _____

7 + 7 = ____ ____ + ____ = _____

9 + 9 = ____ ____ + ____ = _____

16. MAKE A TEN. Add 8 + 5.

a. Use a ten frame. Put in 8 counters. Put 5 counters outside.

b. Then make a ten. Move 2 counters to fill the ten frame. 8 + 2 = 10

19. Add three numbers in different ways.

Choose the addends you add first. Write the sum.

20. PROBLEM SOLVING. Draw grapes on the 3 plates.

8 grapes 5 grapes 6 grapes

21. PROBLEM SOLVING. Mercedes finds 3 shells on Monday. She finds

22. PROBLEM SOLVING. Samuel collects 5 brown shells and 4 white

24. PROBLEM SOLVING. Patricia sees 6 large starfish and 4 small

25. PROBLEM SOLVING. Gabriela catches 9 fish. Tomas catches

3–3= 9–0= 8–8=

Count back to find the difference.

Write the missing numbers.

How does knowing 7 + 5 = 12 help you solve 12 – 5?

PROBLEM SOLVING. Nathan had 17 cents. He spent 8 cents. How much

Write the fact family for the set of numbers.

______ + ______ = ______ ______ + ______ =

______ - ______ = ______ ______ - ______ =

______ + ______ = ______ ______ + ______ =

______ - ______ = ______ ______ - ______ =

Write the fact family for the set of numbers.

______ + ______ = ______ ______ + ______ =

______ - ______ = ______ ______ - ______ =

______ + ______ = ______ ______ + ______ =

______ - ______ = ______ ______ - ______ =

______ + ______ = ______ ______ + ______ =

______ - ______ = ______ ______ - ______ =

______ + ______ = ______ ______ + ______ =

___________ О _ = ______

___________ О _ = ______

Doubles: 6 + _ = doubles plus one: 6 + _ =

Doubles: 4 + _ = doubles plus one: 4 + _ =

6 + 6 = + = _

3 + 3 = + = _

7 + 7 = + = _

9 + 9 = + = _

+ = + __ =

- = - __ =

+ = + __ =

- = - __ =

+ = + __ =

- = - __ =

+ = + __ =

- = - __ =

+ = + __ =

- = - __ =

+ = + __ =

- = - __ =