SUBJECT TO PRONOUNS

I YO 1st PERSON
YOU TU 2nd PERSON
HE EL 3rd PERSON SINGULAR
SHE ELLA 3rd PERSON
IT ESO 3rd PERSON

WE NOSOTROS 1st PERSON

YOU USTEDES 2nd PERSON PLURAL
THEY ELLAS 3rd PERSON

TO BE:
Forms= AM / IS / ARE
Affirmative sentences: SUBJ + TO BE+ COMPLEMENT.
o I am a student
o You are a student*
o He is a student
o She is a student
o It is desk *
o We are students
o You are students*
o They are students

EXAMPLE:
 Andrew is a student. (HE)
 Lisa is a student. (SHE)
 Andrew, Lisa and i are students. (WE)
 Andrew, Lisa, and you are students. (YOU)

AFFIRMATIVE:
SUBJ + TO BE+ COMPLEMENT.
o My father is laws in a mechanic
o My stepfather is a musician
o My half sister is a nurse
o My girlfriend is a waitress
NEGATIVE:
SUBJ + BE + NOT + COMPLEMENT CONTRACTIONS

o I am not a lawyer I´m not

o You are not a lawyer You´re not / You aren´t
o He is not a lawyer He´s not / He isn´t
o She is not a lawyer She´s not / She isn´t
o It is not a chair It´s not / It isn´t
o We are not lawyers We´re not / We aren´t
o You are not lawyers You´re not / You aren´t
o They are not lawyers They´re not / They aren´t

EXAMPLE:
 They aren´t in the university
 She isn´t in the hospital
 They aren´t in the jail / prison
 Zack isn´t in the cinema
 He isn´t in the supermarket
 Jonathan isn´t the drugstore
 My teacher isn´t the café
 They aren´t in the park
 She´s not in the bank

YES / NO QUESTIONS – SHORT QUESTIONS

SHORT ANSWER (YES, SUBJ + BE / NO,

BE + SUBJECT + COMP.?
SUBJ + NOT + TO BE

o Am I a welder? Yes, I am / No, I’m not

o Are you a welder?
o Is she a welder?
o Is he a welder?
o Is it a school?
o Are we welders?
o Are you welders?
o Are they welders?
Yes, I am / No, I’m not
Yes, he is / No, he isn´t
Yes, she is / No, she isn´t
Yes, it is / No, it isn´t
Yes, we are / No, we aren´t
Yes, we are / No, we aren´t
Yes, they are / No, they aren´t
INFORMATION QUESTIONS / W-H QUESTIONS
o WHAT
o HOW
o WHY
o WHERE
o WHEN
o WHO
o WHICH

EXAMPLES:
 A chair
 A soccer field
 An orange
 A students
 A pencil
 A bottle
 An architec
 An interesing idea
 An apple
 I want to buy a TV. (Not specific)
 The TV is Phillips. (Specific)
 I want to eat a torta. (Not specific)
 The steak is something i want to eat. (Specific)

The= to talk something unique

 The sun
 The moon
 The mexican president
 The blue color

NOUN + BE + ADJECTIVE
EXAMPLE:
 Lisa is intelligent
 Lisa and Thomas are intelligent
 My house is purple
  Our houses are purple

SIMPLE PRESENT- For fact, habits and routines

SUBJECT PRONOUNS
o I
o YOU
o HE Add “S” to the verbs
o SHE Add “S” to the verbs
o IT Add “Es” to the verbs that end in CH / SH / X / O / Y / SS
o WE
o YOU
o THEY

SUBJ + VERB + COMPLEMENT

EXAMPLES:
 I write a letter
 YOU write a letter
 HE writes a letter
 SHE writes a letter
 IT writes wells
 WE write letters
 YOU write letters
 THEY write letters

 I wash the dishes

 YOU wash the dishes
 HE washes the dishes
 SHE washes the dishes
 IT washes the dishes
 WE work well
 YOU wash the dishes
 THEY wash the dishes

EXAMPLE:
o I eat tacos
o Paola drinks a beer
o You keep an information
o Mario feeds a dog
 o Juan and Edmy dance ballet
o Javier and Juan run the race
o Luis writes a document
o Carlos and Enrique eat a cake
o Jonh shuts the bakery
o Emiliano and Maria run in the morning
o Estela writes a letter

NEGATIVE-SIMPLE PRESENT
SUBJ + DO / DOES + NOT + VERB + COMPLEMENT
o I do not read every day
o You do not read every day
o He does not read every day
o She does not read every day
o It does not work
o We do not read every day
o You do not read every day
o They do not read every day

THERE IS / THERE ARE.

AFFIRMATIVE Sentences.
EXAMPLE:
SINGULAR
o There is a TV in my room.
o There is a pencil on my table.
o There is a car in my house .
o There is a ball in my house.
o There is an Apple in the fridge.
o There is a table in my house.
o There is a dog in my house.
o There is a sofá in my house.
o There is a frame in my room.
PLURAL
o There are pets in my house
o There are flowers in my garden.
o There are many parks in the city.
o There are tables in my restaurant.
o There are chairs in the kitchen.
 o There are cars in my garage.
o There are dogs in my house.
o There are bears in the forest.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
EXAMPLE:
SINGULAR
o There is not a TV in my room. / There isn´t a TV in my room.
o There isn´t a pool in my school.
o There isn´t food in the kitchen.
o There isn´t a train sattion in my town.
o There isn´t a cat in my house.
o There isn´t a dog in the park.
o There isn´t a beed in the room.
o There isn´t a ball in my car.
o There isn´t a ball on the basket ball court / soccer field.
o There isn´t sugar in the house.

QUESTIONS
IS THERE……? SINGULAR
ARE THERE……? PLURAL

ANSWERS
SINGULAR EXAMPLES:
o Is there a person outside?
o Is there a pen on the desk?
o Is there a dog on my bed?
o Is there a car in my garage
o Is there a flower in my garden?
o Is there a cat in my garden?
o Is there someone at the door?
Yes, there is. No, there isn´t.
Yes, there is. No, there isn´t.
Yes, there is. No, there isn´t.
Yes, there is. No, there isn´t.
Yes, there is. No, there isn´t.
Yes, there is. No, there isn´t.
Yes, there is. No, there isn´t.

PLURAL EXAMPLES:
o Are there people outside?
o Are there children in my garden?
o Are there threes in the municipality?
o Are there books in my garage?
o Are there bears in the forest/Woods?
Yes, there are. No, there aren´t.
Yes, there are. No, there aren´t.
Yes, there are. No, there aren´t.
Yes, there are. No, there aren´t.
Yes, there are. No, there aren´t.
YES/NO QUESTIONS- SHORT QUESTIONS
DO/DOES + SUBJ. + VERB + COMPLEMENT? ANSWER
o Do I work? Yes, I do. / No, I don´t
o Do you work? Yes, I do. / No, I don´t
o Does he work? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn´t
o Does she work? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn´t
o Does it work? Yes, it does. / No, it don´t
o Do we work? Yes, we do. / No, we don´t
o Do you work? Yes, we do. / No, we don´t
o Do they work? Yes, they do. / No, they don´t

EXAMPLES:
Does Luis cook dinner everyday? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn´t
-Does Marie wash the dishes? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn´t
-Do Luis and Marie watch TV? Yes, they do. / No, they don´t
-Does Selina study in the garden? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn´t
-Do Enrique and Josue run in the morning? Yes, they do. / No, they don´t
-Does Perla cook every day? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn´t
-Do they teach? Yes, they do. / No, they don´t
–Does Paula sing in the church on Sunday? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn´t

SIMPLE PRESENT
EXAMPLES: (affirmative, negative, and questions)
HAVE/HAS
o I have a dog
o You have a dog
o He has a dog
o She has a dog
o It has a ball
o We have dogs
o You have dogs
o They have dogs

BE VS HAVE/HAS
TO BE: SUBJ + VERB + COMPLEMENT.
 I am
  You are
 He is
 She is
 It is
 We are
 You are
 They are

HAVES/HAS: SUBJ + VERB + COMPLEMENT.

 I have
 You have
 He has
 She has
 It has
 We have
 You have
 They have

EXAMPLES:
BE + ADJECTIVE BE + NOUN
My mother is amazing. My mother is an amazing person.
Alana is lucky. Alana is a lucky girl.
Luis is right. Luis is a right man.
CORRECT: Fernando is sleepy.
INCORRECT: Fernando has sleepy.
CORRECT: Esteban is hungry.
INCORRECT: Esteban has hungry.
COREECT: Paola is 20 years old.
INCORRECT: Paola has 20 years old.

DO VS MAKE.
SUBJ. + VERB + COMPLEMENT
I DO
YOU DO
HE DOES
SHE DOES
IT DOES
WE DO
YOU DO
THEY DO
SUBJ. + VERB + COMPLEMENT
I MAKE
YOU MAKE
HE MAKES
SHE MAKES
IT MAKES
WE MAKE
YOU MAKE
THEY MAKE

DO:
Use “do” as a helping verb.
-Do you like English?
-Do you play soccer?
Use “do” to talk about general actions.
-I am not doing anything.
-Let´s do something for your birthday.
-The professor does something for the students.
Use “do” to talk about a certain kind of work or activities.
-I do my homework.
-I do the dishes.
-She does the launndry.
-Do you best!
MUST = NECESSITY / OBLIGATION = VERY STRONG
o -High school students must wear the uniform.
o -Next week we have exam. Everbody must attend class.
o -My brothers and I must do our homework.
o -Jose must eat 3 times a day.
o -Teachers must wear suit.
o -My sister and I must wash our clothes.
o -My mom must pay the electricity bill.
o -Maria and I must go to the store now.
o -Raul and I must get home.
o -Maria must send the homework.
o -My sister must clear her bathroom.

HAVE TO / HAS TO = NECESSITY (not as strong as MUST)

o -My students have to study for the exam.
o -Carlos has to get good grades
o -Students have to do the homework.
o -Cesar has to wake up in the morning.
o -You have to get to class on time.
o -She has to go her dance class.
o -I have do dirnk water.
o -I have to take medicione.
o -Lilian has to eat well in school.
o -My friends have to read a book.
o QUESTION WORD + DO/DOES + SUBJ + VERB + COMPLEMENT?
o What do you do?
o = I am a student.
o Where do you live?
o = I live in Tlaxcala.
o What do you wants?
o = I want a new cell phone.
o = I don´t want anything.
o Where do you study?
o = I study in the Apizco TEC.
o When doy you exercise?
o = I exercise every Monday.
o = I dont excercise.
o What time fo you start your clases?
o = They start at 7:00.
o What time you do finish your clases?
o = My clases at 4:00.
 o Where do you go to the university?
o = I study in Apizaco TEC.
o What kind movies do you like to watch?
o = I like to watch horror movies.
o = I don´t like to watch movies.
o How do you to the university?
o = I go to the university by car.
o What do you want to eat for lunch?
o = I want to eat sándwich.
o = I don´t to eat anything.
o What do you do for you?
o = I want to help people.
o What do you in your free time?
o = I like to listen to music.
o Why do you want to learn English?
o = I want to learn English because I want to travel.
o What do you do for fun?
o = I do to play soccer.
o Where does your father work?
o = My father works in the Queretaro
o Where does your best friend live?
o = He lives in Apizaco.
o When do you want to visit your grandparents?
o = I want to visit them next week.
o When do you study English?
o = I want to study tomorrow.

TO BE/PRESENT-PAST
PRESENT PAST
AM……………………………………………………………………WAS
IS………………………………………………………………………WAS
ARE………………………………………………………………….WERE

SUBJ + VERB(PAST) + COMPL.

 I WAS A STUDENT
 YOU WERE A STUDENT
 HE WAS A STUDENT
 SHE WAS A STUDENT
 IT WAS A OFFICE
 WE WERE STUDENTS
  YOU WERE STUDENTS
 THEY WERE STUDENTS

 I WAS IN THE PARK

 YOU WERE IN THE PARK
 HE WAS IN THE PARK
 SHE WAS IN THE PARK
 IT WAS IN THE PARK
 WE WERE IN THE PARK
 YOU WERE IN THE PARK
 THEY WERE IN THE PARK

EXAMPLES:
 Esteban was a child.
 Maria was in the supermarket.
 Luis was in the Apizaco city.
 Reyna was at home
 Melissa was a high school student.
 You were at the party.
 Paulo was my half brother.
 Rodrigo was in the bathroom.

NEGATIVE – SIMPLE PAST- TO BE (WAS/WERE)

SUBJ + WAS/WERE + NOT + COMPL.
 I WAS NOT A TEACHER
 YOU WERE NOT A TEACHER
 HE WAS NOT A TEACHER
 SHE WAS NOT A TEACHER
 IT WAS NOT A TEACHER
 YOU WERE NOT TECAHERS
 WE WERE NOT TEACHERS
 THEY WERE NOT TEACHERS
CONTRACTIONS:
 Was Not= wasn’t
 Were Not= weren’t
SUBJ + WAS/WERE + PRESENT PARTICIPLE (PAST CONTINOUS)
 +Miguel was cooking a few hours ago
 +Miguel was in the store a few hours ago
  -Luis wans’t in the party last week
 +Karla and Juan were in Korea last Winter
 -Juan wasn’t in the school last year
 +Juan was in the soccer field last month
 -Jose wasn’t in the garage a few minutes ago

YES / NO QUESTIONS
WAS/WERE + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT?
Was Esteban sad a few minutes ago?
Was Carlos in the party yesterday?
Was Oscar in the park last nigth?
Were Carlos and I in the library last night?
ANSWERS
Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t
Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t
Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t
Yes, we were. No, we weren’t

Q.WORD + WAS/WERE + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT?

 Where were you last nigth?
=I was in my father’s house
 Who was your English teacher last semester?
=My English teacher was Esteban?

SIMPLE PRESENT: THERE IS/ THERE ARE

SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST
There is-------SINGULAR There was-----SINGULAR
There are------PLURAL There were----PLURAL

EXAMPLES:
There was a window---------------------SINGULAR
There were three Windows in my room----PLURAL
-There was an Apple on my table.
-There were four apples on my table.
-There was a book in the library.
-There were pencils on the desk.
-There was a door in the house.
-There were dogs in my garden.
-There was a bug in my garage.
-There were two mirrors in my room.
-There was a car in my house.
-There were four peoples in the pool.
-There was a spider in my bed.
-There were six flowers on my table.
-There was a necklace on my closet.
-There were chikens in the farm.

NEGATIVE
There was not= There wasn’t
There were not=There weren´t

EXAMPLES:
There wasn’t a Tv in my room.
There weren’t Tvs in my room.
-There wasn’t a bathroom in my house.
-The weren’t kids in my room.
-There wasn’t a ball in the park.
-There weren’t five boxs in my house.
-There wasn’t a cat on my bed.
-There weren’t balls in the pool.
-There wasn’t a cup on the chair.
-There weren’t four horses in the zoo.
-There wasn’t the computer on the desk.
-There weren’t three pencils in my back.

YES / NO QUESTIONS ANSWER

Was there a cat in the garage? Yes, there was. No, there wasn’t.
Were there cats in the garage Yes, there were. No, there weren’t.
-Was there a problema with the examn? No, there wasn’t.
-Were there cups on the kitchen’ Yes, there were.
-Was there a dog in the bed’ No, there wasn’t.
-Were there computer on the table? No, there weren’t.
-Was there a pencil in the book? Yes, there was.
-Were there books on the table? Yes, there were.
-Was there a pólice station in my town? No, there wasn’t.
-Were there squirrels on the tres? Yes, there were.
-Was there food in the fridge? No, there wasn’t.
-Were there books in the library? No, there weren’t.
-Was there a monster in the closet? No, there wasn’t.
-Were there boys in the classroom? No, there weren’t.
-Was there a bike in the garden? Yes, there was.
-Were there pencils on the desk? No, there weren’t.
-Was there music at the party? Yes, there was.

DEMOSTRATIVE- THIS, THAT, THESE, and THOSE.

This = NEAR= SINGULAR = referst to people, things and situations.
That= FAR = SINGULAR = refers to people, things and situations.
These= NEAR = PLURAL = refers to people, things and situations.
Those= FAR = PLURAL= refers to people, things and situations.

EXAMPLE:
- -This book is interesting.
- -That movie is boring.
- -These books are interesting.
- -Those movies are boring.
- -Those video games are excellent.
- -That garden is fantastic
- -This chair is small.
- -These apple are very delicious.
- -Those pants are red.
- -That movie is comedy.
 - -These shoes are big.
- -This shoes is ugly.
- -Those dogs are wild.
- -That pictures is interesting.
- -These kids are tall.
- -This parck is spectacular.
- -Those bushes are tall.
- -That girls is tall.
- -These are my toys.
- -Those girls are pretty.
- -This persons is amazing.
- -That apples is pretty.
- -These roses are red.
- -Those cats are nice.
- -This car is luxurious.
- -These days are good.
- -That girl is sad.

SIMPLE PAST
IRREGULAR VERBS:
Go / went / gone / going
Read / read / read / reading

REGULAR VERBS:
Play / played / played / playing
Walk / walked / walked / walking

AFFIRMATIVE:
SUBJ + VERB (past) + COMPLEMENT.
I went to the store last nigth.
You went to the store last nigth.
He went to the store last nigth.
She went to the store last nigth.
It went well
We went to the store last nigth
You went to the store last nigth.
They went to the store last nigth.

EXAMPLES:
- I drank soda yesterday
- Luis and Karla came to my party yesterday.
- Teresa bougth a new cell phone yesterday.
- Luis a wrote a very important message.
- She built a house.
- The children played football yesterday.
- Maria cut fruit las night.
- We read last Monday.
- She got a car last month.
- They sent the homework a few minutes ago.
- Juan and Mike forgot my birthday.
- Daniel swam on ehundred meters yesterday.
- The had good time on their travel to MXCD.
- Marco baked cookies last nigth.
- They drew the Wall of the park.

AFFIRMATIVE / NEGATIVE
AFFIRMATIVE
-Luis prayed last nigth.
-Mark and Lia Understood the last class.

NEGATIVE
SUBJ+ DID + NOT + VERB + COMPLEMENT.
I did not work last month.
YOU did not work last month.
HE did not work last month.
SHE did not work last month.
IT did not work.
WE did not work last month.
YOU did not work last month.
THEY did not work last month.
CONTRACTIONS
Did not = didn’t

EXAMPLES:
Joshep didn’t listen the message.
Marie and Joe didn’t set up the table.
He didn’t answer the exam.
He didn’t try to exercise.
She didn’t study last nigth.
Carlos didn’t forget my birhtday.
Oscar didn’t smoke yesterday.
Joan and Bella didn’t find the birthday party.
I didn’t climb the Cliff.
Pao didn’t save money last week.
Maria didn’t miss her boyfriend last weekend.
Miguel didn’t dance in the party.
Sarah didn’t learn a new lenguague last summer.

YES / NO QUESTIONS
DID + SUBJ. + VERB + COMPL? ANSWER
-Did leo earn some money last week? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t
-Did Cruz and Adrian follow the instructions? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t
Did Carlos win the video games? Yes, he did
Did Mario drink at the party? Yes, he did
Did Luis like to the food last nigth Yes, he did
Did Carmen forgive her mother? No, she didn’t
Did Maria help brothers? Yes, she did
Did Yahir cook last nigth? Yes, he did
Did Pedro iron his clothes last nigth? No, he didn’t
Did Andres dance in the house? Yes, he did
Did Kate and Hanna buy shoes? No, they didn’t
Did Ana desing her dress? Yes, he did
Did Dulce and Daniel eat cake yesterday? Yes, they did