MCQ

LASER AND ITS APPLICATION

1. What is the full form of LASER?

a) Light Absorbent and Stimulated Emission of Radiations
b) Light Absorbing Solar Energy Resource
c) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiations
d) Light Amplification of Singular Emission of Radiations
View Answer

Answer: c

2. In Stimulated Absorption, what is the lifetime of atoms ground state?

a) 1 second
b) 1 minute
c) 1 hour
d) Infinity
View Answer

Answer: d

3. Phonons are __________

a) Quanta of energy
b) Quanta of light waves
c) Quanta of sound waves
d) Quanta of heat
View Answer

Answer: c

4. Which of the following is not a characteristic of LASERS?

a) Monochromatic
b) Coherent
c) Divergent
d) Intense
View Answer

Answer: c

5. Laser is used in LIDAR for what purpose?

a) High-Speed Photography
b) Range finder
c) Optical Carrier signal
d) Drilling
View Answer

Answer: b

6. The output of a laser has pulse duration of 30 ms and average output power of 1 W per pulse. How much energy
is released per pulse if wavelength is 6600 Å?
a) 0.001 J
b) 0.002 J
c) 0.003 J
d) 0.004 J
View Answer

Answer: c

7. Laser light from a 2mW source of aperture diameter 1.5 cm and wavelength 5000 Å is focused by a lens of focal
length 20 cm. The intensity of the image is __________
a) 1.57 X 106 Wm-2
b) 2.57 X 106 Wm-2
c) 3.57 X 106 Wm-2
d) 4.57 X 106 Wm-2
View Answer

Answer: c

8. For an ordinary light source, the coherence time t = 10-10 s. The degree of Monochromaticity for a wavelength of
6000 Å is ___________
a) 0.1 X 10-4
b) 0.2 X 10-4
c) 0.3 X 10-4
d) 0.4 X 10-4
View Answer

Answer: b

9. Lasers are used for welding of wires because they can be focused onto a fine spot.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a

10. Where is ND: YAG most commonly used?

a) Cosmetic Surgery
b) Welding
c) Photography
d) Optical Communications
View Answer

Answer: a

11. The information carrying capacity of laser is enormous due its large _________
a) Coherence
b) Bandwidth
c) Directionality
d) Intensity
View Answer

Answer: b

12. Which characteristic of LASER allows it to be used in holography?

a) Coherency
b) Directionality
c) Intensity
d) Monochromaticity
View Answer
Answer: a

13. What is the region enclosed by the optical cavity called?

a) Optical Region
b) Optical System
c) Optical box
d) Optical Resonator
View Answer

Answer: d

14. The following graph is pictorial representation of _________

engineering-physics-questions-answers-introduction-applications-laser-q14
a) Spontaneous emission
b) Spontaneous Absorption
c) Stimulated emission
d) Stimulated Absorption
View Answer

Answer: c

1. Which of the following is a three-level laser?

a) ND: YAG
b) Ruby
c) He-Ne
d) Semiconductor laser
View Answer

Answer: b

2. The lifetime of meta-stable state in a Ruby laser is ___________

a) 10-8s
b) 10-6s
c) 10-3s
d) 10-2s
View Answer

Answer: c

3. The ends of the ruby rod works as __________

a) Pumping source
b) Active medium
c) Cavity mirrors
d) Energy levels
View Answer

Answer: c

6. The laser beam is emitted in the form of __________

a) Fluctuating radiations
b) Continuous spectrum
c) Pulsed output
d) Exponentially decreasing intensity
View Answer
Answer: c

11. The energy levels of which ion/atom/molecule are responsible for lasing action?
a) Al3+
b) Cr3+
c) Al2O3
d) Cr2O3
View Answer

Answer: b

3. He-Ne laser is a type of ____________

a) Solid laser
b) Liquid laser
c) Gas laser
d) Diode laser
View Answer

Answer: c

4. Which pumping method is used in He-Ne laser?

a) Optical Pumping
b) Electrical Excitation
c) Chemical Pumping
d) Direct Conversion
View Answer

Answer: b

9. He-Ne laser is used in Holography.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a

1. What is the wavelength of the emitted laser by a carbon dioxide?

a) 9.4 μm
b) 10.6 μm
c) 11.4 μm
d) 12.5 μm
View Answer

Answer: b
2. Which of the following is a characteristic of semiconductor lasers?
a) Output in Visible region
b) High Efficiency
c) Output in UV region
d) Pulsed output
View Answer

Answer: b

3. In the CO2 molecular gas laser, transition takes place between the ______________
a) Molecular states
b) Atomic states
c) Vibrational states
d) Energy states
View Answer

Answer: c

4. Which of the following is a four-level laser?

a) ND: YAG
b) Ruby
c) Argon laser
d) CO2 laser
View Answer

Answer: c

7. The active medium of a semiconductor diode is the junction of the forward biased P-N diode.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a

11. In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum, does the semiconductor laser lies?
a) Visible Region
b) UV Region
c) Microwave Region
d) Infrared Region
View Answer

Answer: d

1. Which of the following is a unique property of laser?

a) Directional
b) Speed
c) Coherence
d) Wavelength
View Answer

Answer: c

2. Which of the following is an example of optical pumping?

a) Ruby laser
b) Helium-Neon laser
c) Semiconductor laser
d) Dye laser
View Answer

Answer: a

3. When laser light is focussed on a particular area for a long time, then that particular area alone will be heated.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a

4. Calculate the wavelength of radiation emitted by an LED made up of a semiconducting material with band gap
energy 2.8eV.
a) 2.8 Å
b) 4.3308 Å
c) 5548.4 Å
d) 4430.8 Å
View Answer

Answer: d

5. Calculate the number of photons, from green light of mercury (ʎ = 4961 Å), required to do one joule of work.
a) 4524.2×1018/m3
b) 2.4961×1018/m3
c) 2.4961/m3
d) 2.4961/m
View Answer

Answer: b

6. Which of the following can be used for the generation of laser pulse?
a) Ruby laser
b) Carbon dioxide laser
c) Helium neon laser
d) Nd- YAG laser
View Answer

Answer: d

7. What is the need to achieve population inversion?

a) To excite most of the atoms
b) To bring most of the atoms to ground state
c) To achieve stable condition
d) To reduce the time of production of laser
View Answer

Answer: a

8. Laser is called as a non-material knife.

a) False
b) True
View Answer

Answer: b

9. DVD uses the laser.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a

10. Which of the following is used in atomic clocks?

a) Laser
b) Quartz
c) Maser
d) Helium
View Answer

Answer: c

11. Which of the following can be used in the vibrational analysis of structure?
a) Maser
b) Quarts
c) Electrical waves
d) Laser
View Answer

Answer: d

1 Which of the following can be used in a vibrational analysis of structure?

[A] Laser
[B] Maser
[C] Quarts
[D] Electrical waves

Answer: Laser

2 Which of the following is used in atomic clocks?

[A] Laser
[B] Quartz
[C] Maser
[D] Helium

Answer: Maser

3 What is the need to achieve population inversion?

[A] To excite most of the atoms
[B] To bring most of the atoms to ground state
[C] To achieve stable condition
[D] To reduce the time of production of laser

Answer: To excite most of the atoms

4 Which of the following can be used for generation of laser pulse?

[A] Ruby laser
[B] Carbon dioxide laser
[C] Helium neon laser
[D] Nd- YAG laser

Answer: Nd- YAG laser

5 Calculate the number of photons, from green light of mercury (ʎ = 4961 Å),required to do one joule of work.
[A] 4524.2×1018/m3
[B] 2.4961×1018/m3
[C] 2.4961/m3
[D] 2.4961/m

Answer: 2.4961×1018/m3

6 Calculate the wavelength of radiation emitted by an LED made up of a semiconducting material with band gap
energy 2.8eV.
[A] 2.8 Å
[B] 4.3308 Å
[C] 5548.4 Å
[D] 4430.8 Å

Answer: 4430.8 Å

7 Which of the following is an example of optical pumping?

[A] Ruby laser
[B] Helium-Neon laser
[C] Semiconductor laser
[D] Dye laser

Answer: Ruby laser

8 Which of the following is a unique property of laser?

[A] Directional
[B] Speed
[C] Coherence
[D] Wavelength

Answer: Coherence

9 A device which converts electrical energy in the form of a current into optical energy is called as
[A] Optical source
[B] Optical coupler
[C] Optical isolator
[D] Circulator

Answer: Optical source

10 How many types of sources of optical light are available?

[A] One
[B] Two
[C] Three
[D] Four

Answer: Three

11 The frequency of the absorbed or emitted radiation is related to difference in energy E between the higher energy
state E2 and the lower energy state E1. State what h stands for in the given equation? E =E2 – E1 = hf
[A] Gravitation constant
[B] Planck’s constant
[C] Permittivity
[D] Attenuation constant

Answer: Planck’s constant

12 The radiation emission process (emission of a proton at frequency) can occur in __________ ways.
[A] Two
[B] Three
[C] Four
[D] One

Answer: Two

13 Which process gives the laser its special properties as an optical source?
[A] Dispersion
[B] Stimulated absorption
[C] Spontaneous emission
[D] Stimulated emission

Answer: Stimulated emission

14 An incandescent lamp is operating at a temperature of 1000K at an operating frequency of 5.2×1014 Hz.

Calculate the ratio of stimulated emission rate to spontaneous emission rate.
[A] 3×10-13
[B] 1.47×10-11
[C] 2×10-12
[D] 1.5×10-13

Answer: 1.47×10-11

15 The lower energy level contains more atoms than upper level under the conditions of ________________
[A] Isothermal packaging
[B] Population inversion
[C] Thermal equilibrium
[D] Pumping

Answer: Thermal equilibrium

16 __________________ in the laser occurs when photon colliding with an excited atom causes the stimulated
emission of a second photon.
[A] Light amplification
[B] Attenuation
[C] Dispersion
[D] Population inversion

Answer: Light amplification

17 A ruby laser has a crystal of length 3 cm with a refractive index of 1.60, wavelength 0.43 μm. Determine the
number of longitudinal modes.
[A] 1×102
[B] 3×106
[C] 2.9×105
[D] 2.2×105

Answer: 2.2×105

18 A semiconductor laser crystal of length 5 cm, refractive index 1.8 is used as an optical source. Determine the
frequency separation of the modes.
[A] 2.8 GHz
[B] 1.2 GHz
[C] 1.6 GHz
[D] 2 GHz

Answer: 1.6 GHz

19 An injection laser has active cavity losses of 25 cm-1and the reflectivity of each laser facet is 30%. Determine the
laser gain coefficient for the cavity it has a length of 500μm.
[A] 46 cm-1
[B] 51 cm-1
[C] 50 cm-1
[D] 49.07 cm-1

Answer: 49.07 cm-1

20 Considering the values given below, calculate the mode separation in terms of free space wavelength for a
laser.Frequency separation = 2GHz Wavelength = 0.5 μm.
[A] 1.4×10-11
[B] 1.6×10-12
[C] 1×10-12
[D] 6×10-11

Answer: 1.6×10-12

21 Directionality property of laser can be used in

[A] surveying
[B] remote sensing
[C] lidar
[D] All Correct

Answer: All Correct

22 Nd - YAG laser is a
[A] two level laser
[B] three level laser
[C] four level laser
[D] five level laser

Answer: four level laser

23 In Nd-YAG laser, YAG means

[A] Yttrium Aluminium Garnet
[B] 𝑌3𝐴�5𝑂12
[C] Yellow Aluminium Garnet
[D] Both A and B

Answer: Both A and B

24 The pumping source in Nd:YAG laser is

[A] chemical
[B] optical
[C] electrical
[D] mechanical

Answer: optical

25 The active medium in Nd:YAG laser is

[A] Nd
[B] YAG crystal
[C] Y
[D] AG

Answer: Nd

26 Example of solid state laser is

[A] He-Ne Laser
[B] 𝐶𝑂2 Laser
[C] Nd:YAG Laser
[D] Dye Laser

Answer: Nd:YAG Laser

27 He-Ne laser is a
[A] three level laser
[B] four level laser
[C] two level laser
[D] five level laser

Answer: four level laser

28 The pumping source in He-Ne laser

[A] optical
[B] electric discharge
[C] chemical
[D] mechancal

Answer: electric discharge

29 The ratio of He to Ne in He-Ne laser is

[A] 1:10
[B] 2:13
[C] 10:1
[D] 3:15
Answer: 10:1

30 The active medium in He-Ne laser is

[A] He
[B] Ne
[C] He-Ne
[D] All correct

Answer: Ne

31 The role of He in He-Ne laser is

[A] He is an active medium
[B] population inversion takes place in He
[C] Stimulated emission takes place in He
[D] He atoms help in exciting Ne atoms

Answer: He atoms help in exciting Ne atoms

32 The reason for narrow tube in He-Ne laser

[A] atomic collision with tube wall increases
[B] atomic collision with tube wall decreases
[C] there is no effect of narrow tube on He-Ne
[D] atomic collision with tube wall constant Laser

Answer: atomic collision with tube wall increases

33 The image produced by holography is

[A] 1-dimensional
[B] 2-dimensional
[C] 3-dimensional
[D] 4-dimensional

Answer: 3-dimensional

34 A hologram contains information of the object about

[A] amplitude only
[B] phase only
[C] amplitude and phase both
[D] neither amplitude nor phase

Answer: amplitude and phase both

35 Hologram is the result of

[A] Interference of object and reference beam
[B] polarization of object and reference beam
[C] diffraction of object and reference beam
[D] both polarization and diffraction of object and reference beam

Answer: Interference of object and reference beam

36 The information carrying capacity of a hologram is
[A] less than an ordinary photograph
[B] more than an ordinary photograph
[C] equal to an ordinary photograph
[D] All option correct

Answer: more than an ordinary photograph

37 each part of hologram contains information about

[A] entire object
[B] particular part of the object
[C] important part of the object
[D] front side of the object

Answer: entire object

38 Zener diode has

[A] constant breakdown voltage
[B] sharp break down voltage
[C] varying breakdown voltage
[D] None

Answer: sharp break down voltage

39 Population inversion in laser means

[A] number of atoms in ground state are more than number of atoms in excited state
[B] number of atoms in ground state are less than number of atoms in excited state
[C] number of atoms in ground state is equal to number of atoms in excited state
[D] none

Answer: number of atoms in ground state are less than number of atoms in excited state

40 Which is correct about laser

[A] monochromatic
[B] white
[C] bi-chromatic
[D] none

Answer: monochromatic
1. "An electron can never be found inside nucleus", this statement is according to

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Bernoulli's equation
bohrs model
both a and b

Answer-Heisenberg uncertainty principle

1) In the dynamic response of Injection Laser Diode (ILD), the delay which is followed by ____ frequency
damped oscillations give rise to the generation of relaxation oscillations.
a. Low
b. Medium
c. High
d. All of the above

ANSWER: High

9) In spontaneous emission, the light source in an excited state undergoes the transition to a state with _______

a. Higher energy
b. Moderate energy
c. Lower energy
d. All of the above

ANSWER: Lower energy

8) Which among the following is a key process adopted for the laser beam formation as it undergoes the light
amplification?

a. Spontaneous Emission
b. Stimulated Emission
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Stimulated Emission

6) Consider a crystal of ruby laser whose length is 6 cm and the refractive index is 1.8, emits the wavelength of
about 0.55 μm. What will be the value of number of longitudinal modes?

a. 3.9 x 105
b. 4.9 x 105
c. 5.6 x 105
d. 7.7 x 105

ANSWER: 3.9 x 105

1. A device which converts electrical energy in the form of a current into optical energy is called as ___________
a) Optical source
b) Optical coupler
c) Optical isolator
d) Circulator

Answer: a

2. How many types of sources of optical light are available?

a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four

Answer: c
3. The frequency of the absorbed or emitted radiation is related to difference in energy E between the higher energy
state E2 and the lower energy state E1. State what h stands for in the given equation?
E = E2 – E1 = hf
a) Gravitation constant
b) Planck’s constant
c) Permittivity
d) Attenuation constant

Answer: b

4. The radiation emission process (emission of a proton at frequency) can occur in __________ ways.
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) One

Answer: a

5. Which process gives the laser its special properties as an optical source?
a) Dispersion
b) Stimulated absorption
c) Spontaneous emission
d) Stimulated emission

Answer: d

6. An incandescent lamp is operating at a temperature of 1000K at an operating frequency of 5.2×1014 Hz. Calculate
the ratio of stimulated emission rate to spontaneous emission rate.
a) 3×10-13
b) 1.47×10-11
c) 2×10-12
d) 1.5×10-13

Answer: b

7. The lower energy level contains more atoms than upper level under the conditions of ________________
a) Isothermal packaging
b) Population inversion
c) Thermal equilibrium
d) Pumping

Answer: c

8. __________________ in the laser occurs when photon colliding with an excited atom causes the stimulated
emission of a second photon.
a) Light amplification
b) Attenuation
c) Dispersion
d) Population inversion

Answer: a

9. A ruby laser has a crystal of length 3 cm with a refractive index of 1.60, wavelength 0.43 μm. Determine the
number of longitudinal modes.
a) 1×102
b) 3×106
c) 2.9×105
d) 2.2×105

Answer: d

10. A semiconductor laser crystal of length 5 cm, refractive index 1.8 is used as an optical source. Determine the
frequency separation of the modes.
a) 2.8 GHz
b) 1.2 GHz
c) 1.6 GHz
d) 2 GHz

Answer: c

11. Doppler broadening is a homogeneous broadening mechanism.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b

12. An injection laser has active cavity losses of 25 cm-1 and the reflectivity of each laser facet is 30%. Determine
the laser gain coefficient for the cavity it has a length of 500μm.
a) 46 cm-1
b) 51 cm-1
c) 50 cm-1
d) 49.07 cm-1

Answer: d

13. Longitudinal modes contribute only a single spot of light to the laser output.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a

14. Considering the values given below, calculate the mode separation in terms of free space wavelength for a laser.
(Frequency separation = 2GHz, Wavelength = 0.5 μm)
a) 1.4×10-11
b) 1.6×10-12
c) 1×10-12
d) 6×10-11

Answer: b

9. Laser modes are generally separated by few __________

a) Tenths of micrometer
b) Tenths of nanometer
c) Tenths of Pico-meter
d) Tenths of millimeter

Answer: b

I. What is the pumping source in Ruby laser?

Electrical Pumping
Optical
Chemical
None of the above

II. What is the output in wavelength of ruby laser?

6943 angstroms
6328 angstroms
5400 angstroms
8000 angstroms

III. Is Ruby laser a gas laser?

True
false

IV. What is the pumping source in Helium – Neon laser?

Electrical Pumping
Optical
Chemical
None of the above

V. What is the output in wavelength of Helium-Neon laser?

6943 angstroms
6328 angstroms
5400 angstroms
8000 angstroms

VI. Ruby laser is a ___________ level laser.

Three
Four
Five
Two

VII. Helium-Neon laser is a ___________ level laser.

Three
Four
Five
Two

VIII. In LASER, S stands for:

Spontaneous
Stimulated
Simultaneously
None of the above

IX. Laser medium in Ruby laser is:

Aluminium oxide
Chromium oxide
Chromium oxide doped with aluminium ions
Aluminium oxide doped with chromium ions

X. Which laser has continuous output?

Ruby laser
Helium-Neon laser
Both
None of the above

1. Which of the following are the other

applications of LBM?

a) Dressing of grinding wheels

b) Scribing

c) Micromachining

d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d

2. How the grooves in grinding wheels

are produced using laser?

a) Evaporation

b) Damage of composite

c) Evaporation & Damage of composite

d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

3. Work piece tilting depends on

which of the following factors?

a) Incident power

b) Beam speed

c) Groove direction

d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
4. What are the values of thickness
used is fine cutting process?

a) 0.01 to 0.05 mm

b) 0.05 to 0.1 mm

c) 0.5 to 15 mm

d) 15 to 50 mm

Answer: c

5. The advantages of excimer laser are

due to_________laser wavelength and
________pulse duration.

a) Short, short

b) Short, long

c) Long, short

d) Long, long

Answer: a

6. Lasers of which type are used for

modification of electronic
components?

a) High power

b) Small spot size

c) Short pulse length

d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d

7. Material removal rates which are

about mg/pulse produces which type
of holes?

a) Shallow

b) Deep

c) Very deep
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a

8. Which of the following materials

can be easily separated by laser
scribing?

a) Silicon

b) Glass

c) Ceramic

d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d

9. Which type of holes can be drilled

using Nd-YAG laser?

a) Small holes

b) Large holes

c) Small & Large holes

d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

10. Which type of laser can be used for

direct drilling or percussion?

a) Ruby laser

b) Nd-YAG laser

c) Ruby & Nd-YAG laser

d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

11. Which of the following lasers is

used for cutting thick materials in
LBM?

a) CO2 + gas assisted

b) CO2 only
c) Nd-YAG

d) Ruby

Answer: a

15. Which of the following lasers is

used for ceramic materials in LBM?

a) Pulsed CO2

b) Nd-YAG

c) Pulsed CO2 & Nd-YAG

d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

12. Which of the following lasers is

used for slitting of thin metallic
materials in LBM?

a) CO2 + gas assisted

b) CO2 only

c) Nd-YAG

d) Ruby

Answer: c

13. Which of the following lasers is

used for slitting of thin plastic
materials in LBM?

a) CO2 + gas assisted

b) CO2 only

c) Nd-YAG

d) Rubby

Answer: b

14. Which of the following lasers is

used for organics and non-metallic
materials in LBM?

a) CO2 + gas assisted

b) Pulsed CO2

c) Nd-YAG

d) Ruby

Answer: b

1) What does the acronym LASER stand for?

a) Light Absorption by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

b) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

c) Light Alteration by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

2) What does the acronym MASER stand for?

a) Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

b) Molecular Absorption by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

c) The name of Albert Einstein’s dog

3) What is one way to describe a Photon?

a) Solid as a rock

b) A wave packet

c) A torpedo

4) What determines the color of light?

a) its intensity

b) its wavelength

c) its source

5) Which scientist first came up with the idea of stimulated emission ?

a) Alexander Graham Bell

b) Isaac Newton
c) Arthur Schalow

d) Albert Einstein

6) Which laser is considered “eye safe”?

a) Laser bar-code scanners

b) The eximer laser

c) Communications lasers

7) Why are lasers used in fiber optic communications systems

a) The government has mandated it

b) They can be pulsed with high speed data

c) They are very inexpensive

8) What type of laser is used in CD and DVD players?

a) Semiconductor

b) YAG

c) Alexandrite

9) Why are lasers used in “Laser Printers”

a) They can be focused down to very small spot sizes for high resolution

b) They are cheap

c) They are impossible to damage

10) As wavelength gets longer, the laser light can be focused to…

a) Larger spot sizes

b) Smaller spot sizes

11) Which color of light has the shortest wavelength ?

a) Yellow
b) Blue

c) Red

d) Green

12) What property of laser light is used to measure strain in roadways?

a) Intensity

b) Power

c) Coherence

13) What is the type of laser used most widely in industrial materials processing applications?

a) Dye Laser

b) YAG laser

c) Ruby Laser

d) Carbon Dioxide Laser

14) Why are lasers used for cutting materials

a) It never gets dull

b) It has a small “heat affected zone”

c) Accuracy

d) Smoother cuts

e) Repeatability

f) All of the above

15) The Eximer laser produces light with what wavelength?

a) Visible

b) Ultraviolet

c) Infrared

16) Laser energy is used to break up kidney or gallstones in process called?

a) Trbecularplasty
b) Lithotripsy

c) Viscocanalostomy

17) The National Ignition Facility will use what type of laser for fusion power experimentation?

a) Neodymium-glass

b) Argon gas

c) Rhodamine Dye

18) Most lasers are electrically inefficient devices.

a) True

b) False

19) Chemical lasers use____ to produce their beams.

a) Excessive amounts of electrical power

b) Small amounts of electrical power

c) No electrical power

20) What type of laser could cause skin cancer if not used properly?

a) Red semiconductor laser

b) Blue semiconductor

c) Eximer laser

d) YAG laser

1 A laser point creates a spot on a screen as it reflects 70% of the light striking it. This light exerts

radiation pressure on the screen.

The laser point is now moved twice as far away from the screen.

i. The radiation pressure remains the same because the intensity of the laser light remains

constant.

ii. The radiation pressure decreases because the beam diverges and area of illumination

increases.
iii. The radiation pressure decreases because energy of the light is lost due to scattering

from air molecules and dust particles light travels a longer distance to the screen.

Which of the statements above is/are correct?

A i only

B ii only

C iii only

D ii and iii only

2 Which one of the following statements best describes stimulated emission in a laser?

A Electrons collide with atoms in a metastable state and cause photons to be emitted.

B Atoms in a metastable state de-excite and cause electrons to be emitted.

C Photons interact with atoms in a metastable state and cause photons to be emitted.

D Photons interact with atoms in a metastable state and cause electrons to be emitted.

4 Why is laser light monochromatic?

A The excited electrons are in a metastable state.

B The system is in a state of population inversion.

C The emitted photon and incident photon are of the same phase.

D Photons of the same energy as that of the incident photons are emitted when the electrons

transit down from a higher energy level.

6 When light of frequency less than threshold is shone onto a metal, no electron is emitted regardless

how long is the light radiated on the metal. However, it was found that when laser light of

frequency lower than the threshold is used, electrons could be emitted. Which of the following is

the correct explanation?

A The photon theory does not apply to laser light.

B Each laser photon has a higher momentum that can knock out the electrons.

C Laser light has very high intensity and is highly coherent so the electrons have a chance

to absorb more than a photon at the same time.

D Laser light exhibits wave behaviour rather than particulate behaviour so that the

electron can absorb the wave energy continuously for a longer time interval.

10 Which of the following statements concerning a laser system is incorrect?

A Spontaneous emission occurs in the laser system.

B The intensity of the laser beam can be varied by changing the reflective coefficient of the

partially reflecting mirror.

C The laser system does not require an external energy source.

D The laser medium consists of a metastable state

1. Which of the following phenomena suggest that light may be a

transverse wave?

A. Reflection

B. Polarisation

C. Photoelectric effect

D. Diffraction

2. In optics, when the vibrations of light are limited to a single two

dimensional plane, it is said that light has been what?

A. Polarised

B. Plane polarised

C. Partially polarised

D. Unpolarised

3. Brewster's law in terms of refractive index can be

Expressed as

A. µ = sinip

B. µ = cosip

C. µ = tanip

D. µ = cotip
4. According to the law of Malus,the intensity of polarised light

emerging through the analyzer varies as

A. I0Cos2θ

B. I0 Sin2θ

C. I0Cosθ

D. I0 /2 Cos2θ

5. Which one is the example of uniaxial crystal?

A. Calcite

B. Tourmaline

C. Quartz

D. all of them

6. What happen if the ordinary unpolarised light is passed through a Uniaxial crystal

A. light is split into two rays

B. Light remain unaffected

C. light is split into more than two rays

D. None of them

7. Zone plate has some similarities as well as some differences with a

A. Plano convex lens

B. Concave lens

C. grating

D. Convex lens

8. What happen to O and E rays if they travel along the optic Axis?

A. Both ray travel with the same velocity

B. O ray travels faster than E ray

C. E ray travel faster than O ray

 D. none of these

9. How many principle sections of uniaxial crystal have?

A. 6

B. 3

C. 5

D. 2

10.How much phase change is introduced by a quarter wave plate

between ordinary and extra ordinary ray.

A.

B. 2∏

C. ∏/2

D. ∏/4

11.Dextrorotatory optically active substance rotates the plane of

vibration?

A. In clockwise direction

B. In anticlockwise direction

C. By 180 degree

D. none of these

12.Electric field vector vibrates in only one plane and perpendicular to the

direction of propagation in…………..light

A. plane polarised

B. unpolarised

C. both plane polarised & unpolarised

D. neither plane polarised & nor unpolarised

13. The plane in which the electric field vector of plane polarised light vibrates is known as

A. Plane of vibration
 B. Plane of Polarisation

C. principal Plane

D. None of above

14. The plane in which the magnetic field vector of plane polarised light vibrates is known as

A. Plane of vibration

B. Plane of Polarisation

C. Principal Plane

D None of above

15. Plane of vibration is defined only for

A. A. plane polarised

B. unpolarised

C. both plane polarised & unpolarised

D. neither plane polarised & nor unpolarised

16. If the angle between the axis of Polarizer and analyser is 300, the intensity of light transmitted by analyser
is…………..times the intensity transmitted by the

polarizer
3/4

Zero

17. If the angle between the axis of Polarizer and analyser is 450, the intensity of light transmitted by analyser
is…………..times the intensity transmitted by the

polarizer

1/2
Zero

18.If the angle between the axis of Polarizer and analyser is 900, the intensity of light transmitted by analyser
is…………..times the intensity transmitted by the

polarizer

Zero
19. If the light is made incident on any transparent medium at the polarizing angle ,
the reflected light is,

A. unpolarised

B. Plane polarised

C. partially Polarised

D. none of these

20. If the light is made incident on any transparent medium at the polarizing angle ,
the transmitted light is,

A. unpolarised

B. Plane polarised

C. partially Polarised

D. none of these

21. The waves forming ordinary image are………..

A. plane polarised
B. unpolarised
C. partially polarised
D. any of above

22. Optic axis is ……………

A. an imaginary line inside the crystal

B. a real line inside the crystal

C. a real direction inside the crystal

D. none of these

23. Principle planes in calcite crystals are……………

A. squares
B. rhombus
C. triangles
D. parallelograms

24. The acute angle between the planes of crystal is…………..

A 78⁰

B.71⁰
 C.102⁰

D.109⁰

25. The obtuse angle between the planes of crystal is…………..

A 78⁰

B.71⁰

C.102⁰

D.109⁰

26. The shape of O -wave front is-----------

A. plane
B. spherical
C. elliptical
D. cylindrical

27. The shape of E -wave front is-----------

A. plane
B. spherical
C. elliptical
D. cylindrical

28. The property of rotating the plane of vibration of plane polarized light is known
as-----------

A. double refraction
B. optical activity
C. polarization
D. Dichroism

29. The Specific rotation is………….

A. independent of wavelength

B. directly proportional to wavelength

C. inversely proportional to wavelength

D. inversely proportional to square wavelength

30. The thickness of crystal in an LCD is chosen so that it rotates the plane of

vibration of plane polarized light by

A. 45⁰
 B. 90⁰

C. 30⁰

D. 60⁰

31. A quarter of a wavelength is equal to how many degrees of phase?

A.90

B.45

C.60

D.180

32. When a beam of ordinary white light is passed through a Polaroid plate filter, the intensity of the beam that
emerges is:

A. Equal to that of the incident beam

B. About 0.9 that of the incident beam

C. About one-half that of the incident beam

D. Practically zero

33. Which is the following used to convert Unpolarised light into polarised light

A. Nicol Prism

B. Calcite prism

C. Tourmaline crystal

D. None of the above

34. In double refraction, the vibrations of E ray are confined in

A. Plane perpendicular to the principle section

B. Principle section

C. at an angle θ to the principle section

D. keeps on changing orientation

35. If Ve the velocity of E-ray and Vo is the velocity of O ray in a negative

crystal they are related by
A. Vo > Ve

B. Vo < Ve

C. Vo = Ve

D. None of these

36. A dichroic crystal converts UPL to PPL

A. reflection
B. Double refraction
C. refraction
D. selective absorption

37. The Nicol prism based on the action of

A. reflection
B. Double refraction
C. refraction
D. scattering

38. A L.C.D. is a device which is uses the phenomenon of

A. optical activity
B. refraction
C. scattering
D. dispersion

39. A half wave plate is used to add a phase difference of ---------------- O ray

and E ray

A. ∏/2
B. ∏
C. 0
D. 2∏

40. A optically active material

A. changes the direction of propagation of light

B. changes the direction of reflected light

C. changes the direction of reflected light

D. changes the direction of the plane of polarization

41. Laser radiation is:

A. Monochromatic

B. Directed in a narrow beam

C. Produced with large power densities

D. All of the above

42. A YAG laser has a frequency of 2.8 × 1014 Hz. What is the wavelength of

the light it produces?

A 1.2 × 10–23 m

B. 1.1 × 10–6 m

C. 1.2 × 10–2 m

D. 9.4 × 105 m

43. What is the wavelength of red light emitted by a helium-neon laser?

A.122 nanometers

B. 633 nanometers

C.2.43 nanometers

D.1.37 micrometers

44. What is the life time of electron in metastable state?

A.10 -3 sec

B. 10 -5 Sec

C. 10 -8 sec

D.10 -7 sec

45. LASER is a short form of

A. Light Amplification by Spontaneous Emission of Radiation.

B. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

C. Light Absorption by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

D. Light Absorption by Spontaneous Emission of Radiation.

46. In the population inversion

A.The number of electrons in higher energy state is more than ground state

B.The number of electrons in lower energy state is more than higher energy state

C. The number of electrons in lower energy state and higher energy state are same

D. None of them

47. Laser beam is made a of

A. Electrons

B. Highly coherent photon

C. Elastic particles

D. Excited atoms

48. In ruby Laser which ions give rise to laser action

A.Al2o3

B.Cr 3+

C.Al3+

D.O –

49. Which of the laser have high efficiency

A. Ruby

B. Semiconductor

C. He- Ne

D. Co2

50. The method of population inversion to the laser action in He-Ne laser is

A. molecule collision
B. direction conversion
C. electric discharge
D. electron impact

51. Which of the laser have very low efficiency

A. Ruby
B. He- Ne
C. Semiconductor
D. Ammonia gas laser

52. Ruby laser produces the laser beam of wavelength

A.6943 A0

B.6328 A0

C.6320 A0

D.6940 A0

53. The material in which the population inversion is achieve is called as

A. Active medium
B. metastable state
C. passive medium
D. stable states

54. The Ruby laser is

A. Continuous Laser
B. gas Laser
C. semiconductor laser
D. pulsed laser

55. The method of achieving population inversion in Ruby Laser is

A. Optical pumping
B. inelastic Scattering
C. forward biasing
D. chemical reaction

56. The He – Ne laser is

A. Continuous Laser
B. gas Laser
C. semiconductor laser
D. pulsed laser

57. The method of achieving population inversion in He – Ne Laser is

A. Optical pumping
B. inelastic Scattering
C. forward biasing
D. chemical reaction

58. A semiconductor diode Laser is

A. Four level
B. Two level
C. Three level
D. one level

59. A He- Ne laser is a

A. Four level
B. Two level
C. Three level
D. One level

60. In a semiconductor laser ,the doping concentration is so high that the Fermi

level in N type diode lies

A. Center of energy gap

B. Top of valence band

C. Bottom of conduction band

D. Inside the conduction band

61. The coherence length of Laser light is

A. 4000 A0
B. 8000 A0
C. 300 m
D. 2 µm

62. An optical fiber cable acts as the principle of

A. Double refraction
B. Total external refraction
C. reflection
D. total internal reflection

63. A hologram records ……….of light

A. Intensity
B. Intensity and phase
C. frequency
D. frequency and Phase

64. If a hologram is illuminated by white light it will form

A. Colorful image
C. will not form image
B. Single color image
D. red image in black and white

65. A beam of light is incident on a glass plate at an angle of incidence 600.the reflected ray is Polarised .what is the
angle of refraction , if the angle of incidence is 45 0
A. 60 0

B. 30 0

C. sin-1(1/6)

D. sin-1(1/2)

66. The thickness of quarter Wave Plate made of quartz for wavelength 5000 A0 refractive index µe = 1.553 and µ0
= 1.543 is --------------.

A. 250 x 10 -3 cm
B. 1.25 x 10 -3 cm
C. 3.75 x 10 -3 cm
D. 2.50 x 10 -3 cm

67. A polarizer and analyzer are oriented so that he amount of transmitted light is maximum .through what angle
should either be the turned so that the intensity transmitted light is reduced to 0.25 time maximum intensity.

A. 900

B. 600

C. 1500

D. 1600

68. A 20 cm long tube containing 48 c.c. of sugar rotes the plane of polarization by 11 0 .If the specific rotation of
sugar is 66 0, calculate the mass of sugar solution.
A. 8 gm
B. 4 gm
C. 16 gm
D. 10 gm

69. When the light is incident at the polarizing angle which of the following completely polarised

A. Reflected light
B. Refracted light
C. both
D. neither reflected Nor Refracted

70. The property of rotating the plane of vibration of plane polarized light is known as

A. double refraction
B. optical activity
C. polarization
D. dichroism
71. When light travels parallel to the optic axis………………

A. double refraction is observed

B. double refraction is not observed

C. Path difference between O and E waves

D. Both B and C.

72. The phase difference introduced by a retardation plate between the O ray and E
waves for the positive crystal is………………………..

A. (µe - µo) t
B. (µo - µe) t
C. (µe - µo) t
D. (µo - µe) t

73. The phase difference introduced by a retardation plate between the O ray and
E waves for the negative crystal is………………………..

A. (µe - µo) t
B. (µo - µe) t
C. (µe - µo) t
D. 2π/lamda(µo - µe) t

74…………….waves travels with the same velocity in all directions

A. O
B. E
C. O and E
D. Neither O nor E

75. …………….waves travels with the different velocity in different directions

A. O
B. E
C. O and E
D. Neither O nor E

76. O and E waves travel with the same velocity ---------------in the crystal

A. parallel to the surface

B. Perpendicular to the surface

C. along optic axis

D. none of the above

77.If the light is incident on a transparent material at the polarizing angle of 600
The angle of refraction is…………………
A. 45 0

B. 60 0

C.30 0

D.90 0

1. Directionality property of laser can be used in

Ans. B
(A) surveying
(B) remote sensing
(C) lidar
(D) All Correct

Ans. D

2. Nd - YAG laser is a

(A) two level laser

(B) three level laser
(C) four level laser
(D) five level laser

Ans. C

3. In Nd-YAG laser, YAG means

(A) Yttrium Aluminium Garnet

(B) 𝑌3𝐴𝑙5𝑂12
(C) Yellow Aluminium Garnet
(D) Both A and B

Ans. D

4. The pumping source in Nd:YAG laser is

(A) chemical
(B) optical
(C) electrical
(D) mechanical

Ans. B

5. The active medium in Nd:YAG laser is

(A) Nd
(B) YAG crystal
(C) Y
(D) AG

Ans. A

6. Example of solid state laser is

(A) He-Ne Laser
(B) 𝐶𝑂2 Laser
(C) Nd:YAG Laser
(D) Dye Laser

Ans. C

7. He-Ne laser is a

(A) three level laser

(B) four level laser
(C) two level laser
(D) five level laser

Ans. B

8. The pumping source in He-Ne laser

(A) optical
(B) electric discharge
(C) chemical
(D) mechancal

Ans. B

9. In which region , laser emission occurs in Nd:YAG laser

(A) IR region at 1.06𝜇𝑚

(B) visible region
(C) UV region
(D) RF region

Ans. A

10. The ratio of He to Ne in He-Ne laser is

(A) 1:10
(B) 2:13
(C) 10:1
(D) 3:15

Ans. C

11. The active medium in He-Ne laser is

(A) He
(B) Ne
(C) He-Ne
(D) All correct

Ans. B

12. The role of He in He-Ne laser is

(A) He is an active medium

(B) population inversion takes place in He
(C) Stimulated emission takes place in He
(D) He atoms help in exciting Ne atoms

Ans. D

13. The reason for narrow tube in He-Ne laser

(A) atomic collision with tube wall increases

(B) atomic collision with tube wall decreases
(C) there is no effect of narrow tube on He-Ne
Laser
(D) atomic collision with tube wall constant

Ans. A

14. The image produced by holography is

(A) 1-dimensional
(B) 2-dimensional
(C) 3-dimensional
(D) 4-dimensional

Ans. C

15. A hologram contains information of the object about

(A) amplitude only

(B) phase only
(C) amplitude and phase both
(D) neither amplitude nor phase

Ans. c

16. Hologram is the result of

(A) Interference of object and reference beam

(B) polarization of object and reference beam

(C) diffraction of object and reference beam

(D) both polarization and diffraction of object and reference beam

Ans-A

17. The information carrying capacity of a hologram is

(A) less than an ordinary photograph

(B) more than an ordinary photograph
(C) equal to an ordinary photograph
(D) All option correct

Ans. B
18. each part of hologram contains information about

(A) entire object

(B) particular part of the object
(C) important part of the object
(D) front side of the object

Ans. A

19. Zener diode has

(A) constant breakdown voltage

(B) sharp break down voltage
(C) varying breakdown voltage
(D) None

Ans. B

20. If a semiconductor has energy band gap 𝐸𝑔, the wavelength 𝜆 of the emitted photon is equal to

(A) ℎ/𝐸𝑔
(B) 𝐸𝑔/ℎ𝑐
(C) ℎ𝑐/𝐸𝑔
(D) 𝐸𝑔𝑐/ℎ

Ans. C

21. A solar cell is operated at

(A) reverse biased voltage

(B) Forward biased voltage
(C) Constant biased voltage
(D) zero biased voltage

Ans. D

22. Which one can be used as a rectifier

(A) p-n junction diode

(B) zener diode
(C) solar cell
(D) oscillator

Ans. A

23. Zener diode is used for

(A) voltage regulation

(B) rectification
(C) oscillators
(D) solar cell

Ans. A

24. The increase in conductivity is proportional to intensity in

(A) Zener diode
(B) Photodiode
(C) LED
(D) Tunnel Diode

Ans. B

25. Zener breakdown occurs when

(A) both p and n regions are heavily doped

(B) both p and n regions are lightly doped
(C) only n region are heavily doped
(D) only p region are heavily doped
Ans-A

26. Avalanche breakdown of a zener diode occurs when

(A) both p and n regions are heavily doped (B) both p and n regions are lightly doped

(C) only n region are heavily doped (D) only p region are heavily doped

Ans. B

27. Solar cell converts

(A) solar energy into electrical energy (B) electrical energy into mechanical energy

(C) mechanical energy into electrical energy (D) electrical energy into solar energy

Ans. A

28. Which is correct about laser

(A) monochromatic (B) white

(C) bi-chromatic (D) none

Ans. A

29. Which of the following relations between Einstein A and B coefficients for lower l and upper level u is

correct.

(A) 𝐴𝑢𝑙=8𝜋ℎ𝜈³/𝑐³ 𝐵𝑢𝑙

(B) 𝐴𝑙𝑢 =8𝜋ℎ𝜈3𝑐3 𝐵𝑙𝑢

(C) 𝐵𝑢𝑙 =8𝜋ℎ𝜈3𝑐3 𝐴𝑢𝑙

(D) 𝐴𝑢𝑙 =𝑐3 8𝜋ℎ𝜈3 𝐵𝑙𝑢

Ans A

30. Population inversion in laser means

(A) number of atoms in ground state are more than number of atoms in excited state
(B) number of atoms in ground state are less than number of atoms in excited state

(C) number of atoms in ground state is equal to number of atoms in excited state

(D) none

Ans. B

31. Metastable state has life time approximately

(A) 10′ 3s
(B) 10′ 8s
(C) 10′ 10 s
(D) 10′ 12 s

Ans. A

32. An excited state(except metastable state)has life time about

(A) 10′ 3s
(B) 10′ 8s
(C) 10′ 15 s
(D) 10′ 20 s
Ans-B

1) Damage to the retina occurs in which optical range?

A: X-ray (<100 nm)

B: Mid UV (180 - 315 nm)

C: Near UV (315 - 400 nm)

D: Occular region (400 - 1400 nm)

2) Which two parameters are most important when choosing laser goggles.

A: Colour and size

B: Frame material and strap

C: Wavelength and OD

D: Price and extras

3) Which of the statements are true about Class 2 lasers?

A) They are only at visible wavelengths

B) The blink reflex will protect the naked eye.

C) They can damage the eye if viewed with an optical aid.

D) All of the above

4) Which statements are true about Class 3B lasers?

A) Protective eye wear is not necessary for direct viewing.

B) Protective eye wear is not necessary for viewing diffuse reflections.

C) A key switch and safety interlock are not required.

D) Pulsed lasers in the visible region (400 - 700 nm) are limited to 30mJ.

5) The safest way to view a laser beam is:

A) Directly in the beam .

B) Directly in a specular reflection.

C) Either of the above.

D) None of the above.

6) Which is an example of an engineering laser safety control measure?

A) "Laser On" light outside lab door.

B) Key switch interlock circuit to enter lab door

C) Overshoes to keep laser clean.

D) Safety notice on lab door.

7) The maximum permissible exposure is

A) Not important for visible wavelenghts

B) The maximum level of radiation which human tissue may be exposed to without harmful effect.

C) The same for all parts of the body.

D) Increased when a viewing aid is used.

8) Most laser accidents could be avoided by:

A) Using a class 1 laser for alignment

B) Following the alignment procedure

C) Wearing the correct goggles

D) All of the above

9) Administrative control measures include which of the following

A) Automated shutters and interlocks

B) Standard operating procedures and training

C) Warning lights, labels, signs etc.

D) Provision of goggles

10) Safe working practices include which of the following

A) Confine beam within tubes.

B) Minimize power for alignment and use screens/fluorescent targets for alignment.

C) Use direct viewing for fine alignment.

D) Keep bench clear of unnecessary reflective items, tools and remove reflective jewelery.

11) Lasers can present which of the following hazards:

A) Optical

B) Electrical

C) Cryogenic

D) Fire and explosion

12) Laser Controlled areas should be:

A) Operated by an authorised operator

B) Allow free access in and out of the lab

C) Have a desk for operators sit and work

D) Be sealed to contain the laser beams

1. Electron in the atom are held in the atom due to

coulombs force
nuclear force
atomic force
both a and b

2. For an electron to be confined to a nucleus, its speed relative to the speed of light would have to be
equal
less
greater
equal to infinity

3. Principle of laser is

spontaneous absorption
simulated emission
induced emission
both b and c

4. The potential energy source for inducing fusion reaction is

x-ray
laser
ultraviolet
microwave

5. An electron can never be found inside nucleus", this statement is according to

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Bernoulli's equation
bohrs model
both a and b

1. Stimulated emission by recombination of injected carriers is encouraged in __________

a) Semiconductor injection laser
b) Gas laser
c) Chemist laser
d) Dye laser
View Answer

Answer: a

3. Injection laser have a high threshold current density of __________

a) 104Acm-2 and more
b) 102Acm-2
c) 10-2Acm-2
d) 10-3Acm-2
View Answer

Answer: a

6. In a DH laser, the sides of cavity are formed by _______________

a) Cutting the edges of device
b) Roughening the edges of device
c) Softening the edges of device
d) Covering the sides with ceramics
View Answer

Answer: b