>tV| 

kkVFA \uD luEm

 : TNPSC Group II >

VD : ]B kV \uD VVD
z] : s|> ]BV

VA\
>tV|  BV >kVBD z2 x>_W \uD x>[\
>V VVo VE ]^, o] VzA^, \V] >
sV>V^^ \uD \[VzA^ gBk V >suz >BVVzD
\Vk, \Vsz c>s|D kl_ kkVFA \uD luE mBV_
\[V^ ks_ >BV|^m. D\[V zAV VA\
kkVFA \uD luE mB V>m  >s|m.
>  >MV _m >MBV V > luE \B\V D\[V
zA > klKD \] |kV, \ gD F]kV, su
FD xBuElV ~||>_ Vm. *V_ ]B VA\ ][ 
> mkVzD  >s|m. m xuKD V >z
>BV FD \Vkz kw|D t_V kBVzD.

gB,
kkVFA \uD luE m
 

tpLjiy ngw;wjpypUe;J ,e;jpah

 1947 - k; Mz;L ,e;jpah gpujk mikr;rh; eph;thfj;

tpLjiy mile;j gpwF ,e;jpaj; jiytuhfTk; nray;gLfpd;wdh;.
jiyth;fs; Mw;w Ntz;bapUe;j 2. RNjr muRfis xUq;fpizj;jy;:
mtrug; gzpfs; ,uz;L.  tpLjiyapd; NghJ ,e;jpahtpy;
 ,e;jpahTf;nfd xU 11 gphpl;b\; khfhzq;fSk;
murpayikg;ig cUthf;FtJ. Vwj;jho 552 RNjr muRfSk;
 ,e;jpa xd;wpaj;jpd; RNjr ,Ue;jd.
muRfis xUq;fpizg;gJ.  gphpl;b\hh; ,e;jpahit tpl;L
ntspNawpa gpwF ,e;jpa
1. ,e;jpahtpd; murpay; mikg;G: muRfs; Rje;jpukhf ,Uf;fyhk;
 1946- k; Mz;L brk;gh; 9-y; vd;W epidj;jd.
murpayikg;Gf; FO jdJ  rh;jhh; ty;ygha; gl;Nly; 1947
gzpapidj; njhlq;fpaJ. Mf];l; 15- k; Njjpf;F Kd;Ng
 murpayikg;Gf; FOtpd; ,e;jpa RNjr muRfis ,e;jpa
jiytuhf lhf;lh; xd;wpaj;jpy; ,izAk;gb
uhN[e;jpugpurhj; nra;jhh;.
Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhh;.  [_dhfj;> [k;K - fh\;kPh;>
 lhf;lh;.gp.Mh;. mk;Ngj;fhh; i`juhghj; Mfpa %d;W RNjr
murpayikg;G tiuTf; FOtpd; muRfs; kl;Lk; Nru kWj;jd.
jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;.  [_dhfj; kf;fsplk;
 1949 etk;gh; 26 - k; ehs; ,e;jpa fUj;Jf;fzpg;G elj;jp
murpayikg;G eilKiwf;F ,izf;fg;gl;lJ.
te;jJ. mJ Kjy; ,e;j jpdk;  [k;K - fh\;kPh; 1947 mf;Nlhgh;
nfhz;lhlg;gl;L tUfpwJ. 26-k; ehs; uh[h `hprpq;
 [dhjpgjp ehl;bd; ,izg;GWjp gj;jpuj;jpy;
murpayikg;Gj; jiytuhfTk;> ifnaOj;jpl;ljpw;F ,zq;f

1
 

fh\;kPh; ,e;jpahtpd; (jkpo;ehL)jkpo; Ngrk; khepykhf

xUq;fpize;j gFjpahapw;W. Vw;fg;gl;lJ.
 Ijuhghj; Ml;rpahsh; ep[hk;  ,j;jUzj;jpy;> jpUj;jdpia
,e;jpa xd;wpaj;Jld; ,iza nrd;id khepyj;Jld; jf;f
kWj;jikahy; 1948 y; ,e;jpa itg;gjw;fhf kh.ngh. rptQhdk;
Jug;Gf;fis mDg;gp jiyikNaw;W elj;jpa ,af;fk;
,izf;fg;gl;lJ. jkpof tuyhw;wpy; epidtpy;
nfhs;sj;jf;fjhFk;.
3. nkhopthhp khepyq;fs;
 1953-y; gpujkh; [t`h;yhy; NeU
rPuikf;fg;gLjy;:
ePjpgjp gry; myp jiyikapyhd
 1948 -y; nkhopthhp khepyq;fs;
khepyq;fs; rPuikg;G FOit
mikf;fg;gLtjw;fhd rhj;jpaf;
epakpj;jhh;.
$Wfis Ma;T nra;tjw;fhf
 ,f;FOtpy; gz;bl; `pUjaehj;
v];.Nf.jhh; jiyikapyhd
Fd;];U> rh;jhh;> Nf.vk;.gzpf;fh;
KjyhtJ nkhopthhp Mizak;
MfpNahh; cWg;gpdh;fshf
murpayikg;Gf; FOthy;
,Ue;jdh;.
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,f;FO
 1955-y; ,f;FO jdJ
rhj;jpaf; $Wfs; ,y;iy vd
mwpf;ifia mspj;jJ. mjd;
$wpaJ.
mbg;gilapy; 1956 -y;
 fhq;fpu]; fl;rp> [t`h;yhy;
ehlhSkd;wk; khepyq;fs;
NeU> ty;ygha; gl;Nly;> gl;lhgp
rPuikg;G rl;lj;ij
rPjhuhikah MfpNahh; mlq;fpa
epiwNtw;wpaJ.
N[.tp.gp FOit mikj;jJ.
 16 khepyq;fspy; 6 a+dpad;
,e;jf; FOTk; nkhopthhp
gpuNjrq;fSk; ,r;rl;lj;jpy;
khepyq;fs; mikf;fg;gLtij
,lk; ngw;wd.
Mjhpf;ftpy;iy.
 nkhopthhp khepyq;fs; mikf;ff; 4. ,e;jpa murpay; (1947 - 2000):
Nfhhp eilngw;w  ,e;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ
Nghuhl;lq;fisj; njhlh;e;J gpujkuhd [t`h;yhy; ‘etPd
1953 -k; mz;L Me;jpuh jdp ,e;jpahtpd; rpw;gp” vd;W
khepykhf cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. fUjg;gLfpwhh;.
mNj rkak; nrd;id khepyKk;

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 1964 -y; NeU kiwTf;Fg; gpwF  1984-y; ,e;jpuh fhe;jpapd;

,e;jpahtpd; gpujkuhf gLnfhiyf;Fk; gpwF mtuJ
yhy;gfJ}h; rh];jphp gjtpf;F Gjy;th; uh[Pt;fhe;jp gpujkuhdhh;.
te;jhh;.  uh[Pt;fhe;jp Gjpa fy;tpf;
 1965-k; Mz;L ,e;jpah - nfhs;ifia
ghfp];jhd; ,ilNa Nghh; mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhh;.
%z;lJ. 1996 [dthpapy; nra;J  ,yq;iff;F mikjpg; gilia
nfhz;l ‘jh\;fz;l; mDg;gp itj;jhh;.
xg;ge;jj;jpd; gb” KbTf;F  1991 Nk 21-k; ehs; = ngUk;
nfhz;L te;jhh;. GJ}hpy; eilngw;w Njh;jy;
 1966-y; gpujkuhf nghWg;Ngw;w gpur;rhuf; $l;lj;jpy; gq;Nfw;f
,e;jpuhfhe;jp 1975-y; ehL te;j mth; ,yq;if jkpo;
KOtJk; mtruepiy gpufldk; jPtputhjpfshy; kdpj
nfhz;Lte;jhh;. ntbFz;Lf;F gypahdhh;.
 ,tuJ Ml;rpapy; 1983 y; gQ;rhg;>  1989 Kjy; 1990 tiu tp.gp.rpq;
mkph;jru]; nghw;NfhtpYf;Fs; gpujkuhf ,Ue;jhh;. [djhjsk;
ePy el;rj;jpu (operation Blue vd;w fhq;fpu]; vjph;gG
; f;
Star) eltbf;ifia ,e;jpa $l;lzp muRf;F mth; jiyik
,uhZtj;ijf; nfhz;L tfpj;jhh;.
vLj;jhh;.  ,th; jdJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy;
 ,r;nray; fhuzkhf gpw;gLj;jg;gl;Nlhh;f;F ,l
JUjp\;ltrkhf mtuJ xJf;fPL mspf;f tif nra;Ak;
ghJfhtyh;fshy; ,e;jpuhfhe;jp kz;ly;FO mwpf;ifia
1984-y; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;. eilKiwg;gLj;j KbT nra;jhh;.
 1977 -1980 tiu eilngw;w  1990y; fhq;fpu]; MjuTld;
[djh fl;rpapd; Ml;rpapd; NghJ re;jpu Nrfh; gpujkuhf
,e;jpahtpd; gpujkuhf nkhuhh;[p gjtpNaw;whh;.
Njrha; gjtpNaw;whh;.  1991 -[_d; khjj;jpy;
 tpLjiyf;Fg; gpwF gjtp tfpj;j gp.tp.eurpk;kuht; gpujkuhf
KjyhtJ fhq;fpu]; my;yhj gjtpNaw;whh;.
muR ,JNtahFk;.

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 Gjpa nghUshjhu nfhs;ifia 6. Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lq;fSk;

mth; jPtpukhf nray;gLj;j Kd;DhpikfSk;:
KbT nra;jhh;. Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lq;fs; Kd;Dhpikfs;
 epjp mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j  1-tJIe;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1951 -
kd;Nkhfd;rpq; jiyikapy; 1956 tptrhak;> ePh;ghrdk;
,e;jpah jhuhskak;> kw;Wk; kpd;rhuj;jpl;lk;
jdpahh;kak;> cyfkak; Mfpa  2-tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1951 -
ghijfspy; eilNghlj; 1961 njhopy;
Jtq;fpaJ.  3-tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1961 -
 1999 -y; Njrpa [dehaff; 1966 mbg;gilj; njhopy;fs;
$l;lzp ntw;wp ngw;W mly;  4-tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1966 -
gp`hhp th[;gha; gpujkuhf 1974 gq;fPl;L epjpAld; tsh;r;rp
gjtpNaw;whh;. ,tuJ Ml;rpapy;  5-tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1974 -
,uz;L Kf;fpa epfo;Tfs;. 1979 tWik xopg;G kw;Wk;
1. ghfp];jhDld; fhh;fpy; Nghh; - Rarhh;G
ntw;wp  6-tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1980 -
2. nghf;uhdpy; mZ MAj 1985 tWik xopg;G
Nrhjid epfo;j;jpaJ.  7-tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1985 -
1990 Ntiy tha;g;ig
5. nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp:
cUthf;Fjy;
 [t`h;yhy; NeU
 8-tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1992 -
rkj;Jtj;ijAk;>
1997> 2000-y; KO Ntiy
[dehafj;ijAk; ,ize;j
tha;gi
; g rhjpf;Fk; Ntiyia
mth; nfhs;if ‘[dehaf
cUthf;Fjy;.
rkj;Jtk;” vd;Nw
 9-tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1997 -
miof;fg;gl;lJ.
2002 r%f ePjpAld; tsh;r;rp
 1950 khh;;r; 15-k; ehs; Njrpa
kw;Wk; rkj;Jtk;
jpl;lf;FO Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
 10-tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 2002 -
gpujkh; NeUNt ,jd; jiytuhf
2007 tWik xopg;G kw;Wk;
nghWg;Ngw;whh;.
kf;fs; njhif tsh;r;rpiaf;
Fiwj;jy;

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 

 11-tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 2007 - rp.Rg;gpukzpak;>

12 cs;shh;e;j tsh;r;rp (tWik rh];jphpf;Fg;gpd; 1966 -y;
xopg;G Ntiy tha;gG
; > Mz; - gpujkuhd ,e;jpuh fhe;jp
ngz; rkj;Jtk;) Ntshz; cw;gj;jpia ngUf;f
 12 - tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 2012 - ngUk; Kaw;rp vLj;jhh;.
17 Ntfkhd>  1968 y; ,e;jpa tptrhapfs;
cs;shh;e;j> epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;l NfhJik cw;gj;jpapy; tpaj;jF
tsh;r;rp (Very Fast, Inclusive msit vl;baNghJ>
growth and sustainable mnkhpf;fhitr; Nrh;ej
; tpy;ypak;
development) fhl; vd;gth; ‘gRikg; Gul;rp”
vd;w nrhy;iy Kjd; Kjyhf
7. Mz;Lj; jpl;lq;fs;: gad;gLj;jpdhh;.
 1966 - 1969> 1978 - 1979> 1979 -  1980-k; Mz;L ,e;jpah czT
1980 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; cw;gj;jpapy; jd;dpiwit
Mz;Lj; jpl;lq;fs; kl;LNk mile;jJ.
nray;gLj;jg;gl;ld. - gQ;rhg;> `hpahdh> Nkw;F
cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;>
8. gRikg; Gul;rp:
Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;>
 1960 - k; Mz;Lfspd; kj;jpapy;
fh;ehlfj;jpd; xU gFjp
czTg; gQ;rk; Njhd;wpaJ.
kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL Mfpa
 rPdh (1962)> ghfp];jhd; (1965)
,lq;fspy; gRikg;Gul;rpapd;
,e;jpahTld; Nghh; ele;jJ.
jhf;fk; ed;F ntspg;gl;lJ.
 1965 -66k; Mz;Lfspy;
 mwptpay; njhopy;El;g Ma;Tf;
njhlh;e;J ,uz;L Mz;Lfspy;
fofj;jpd; jiytuhf NeUNt
Vw;gl;l twl;rp czT
nghWg;G tfpj;jhh;.
cw;gj;jpia ghjpj;jJ.
 khrQ;nrl;]; njhopy;El;g
 ,j;jifa gpd;dzpapy;jhd;
epWtdj;ij Kd;khjphpahf
czT cw;gj;jpapy; jd;dpiwit
nfhz;L 1952 -y; Kjy; ,e;jpa
vl;Ltjw;fhf ,e;jpahtpy;
njhopy; El;g epWtdk;
gRikg; Gul;rp njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.
Nfhuf;g+hpy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
 mg;Nghija gpujkh; yhy; gfJ}h;
rh];jphp czTj;Jiw mikr;rh;

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 

 1948 - Mf];by; mZrf;jp ,d;rhl; -IB Mfpa tpz;ntsp

Mizak; N`hkp N[.ghgh Xlq;fs; epiwNtw;wp tUfpd;wd.
vd;gth; jiyikapy;  ,];Nuh ikaq;fspNyNa kpfg;
epWtg;gl;lJ. nghpajhd
 1954 y; mZrf;jp Jiw jpUtde;jGuj;jpYs;s tpf;uk;
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. rhuhgha; tpz;ntsp ikak;
 1956 -y; ,e;jpahtpy; KjyhtJ cs;ehl;bNyNa jahhpf;fg;gLk;
mZrf;jp epiyak; gk;gha;f;F tpz;ntsp VT
mUfpYs;s buhk;Ngapy; njhopy;El;gj;ijg; gw;wp
mikf;fg;gl;lJ. Kjd;ik Ma;it
 jkpo;ehl;by; fy;ghf;fj;jpYs;s Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ.
,e;jpuhfhe;jp mZ Muha;r;rp  ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp jpl;lj;jpd;
ikak;> nrd;idapYs;s cah; gFjpahd tpz;ntsp Xlj;
njhopy;El;g ikak; njhopy;El;gj;ij
vd;gdthFk;. ngq;f@hpYs;s ,];Nuh ikak;
ngw;Ws;sJ.
9. tpz;ntsp Ma;T:
 Me;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpd; fpof;F
 1962 -y; tpz;ntsp
flw;fiuapYs;s
Muha;r;rpf;fhd ,e;jpa Njrpaf;
=`hpNfhl;lhtpy; cs;s uhnfl;
FOkk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
VTjsk; ,];Nuhtpd; Kf;fpa
 Jk;ghtpy; uhf;nfl; VTjsk;
VTjskhf tpsq;FfpwJ.
xd;W cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
 jkpo;ehl;bd; J}j;Jf;Fb
 ehl;bd; Njitfis
khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s kNfe;jpufphp
epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf Kjy;
vd;w ,lj;jpy; uhf;nfl; vd;[pd;
jiyik ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp
jahhpf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
Xlj;ij (,d;rhl; - I) ,e;jpa
 etPd u\;ah njhopy;El;gj;jpd;gb
1982-k; Mz;L VtpaJ.
fpiuNahn[dpf; vd;[pd;
 ehl;bd; njiynjhlh;G kw;Wk;
jahhpf;Fk; Kaw;rpfs; jPtpukhf
thdpay; Nfhs; Ma;Tf;fhd
eilngw;W tUfpd;wd.
Njitfis ,d;rhl; - IA kw;Wk;

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 

10. ,e;jpahtpd; maYwTf; nfhs;if: 11. 21-Mk; E}w;whz;by; ,e;jpah:

 ,e;jpahtpd; maYwTf;  ,e;jpah 20-tJ E}w;whz;L
nfhs;ifia tbtikj;jth; fhyj;jpy; Fwpg;ghf me;j
gz;bj [t`h;yhy; NeU Mthh;. E}w;whz;bd;; ,uz;lhtJ
 nfLgpbg; Nghh; fhyj;jpy; gFjpapy; r%fg; - nghUshjhuf;
mzpNruh ,af;fj;ij fsq;fspy; kpfTk; Fwpg;ghf
tbtikj;jth; NeU. tptrhak; kw;Wk; murpay;
 gQ;rrPyf; nfhs;if ,tuhy; fsq;fspy; gy Nkk;ghLfis
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. fz;Ls;sJ.
 ,e;Njh - rPdh> #a]; fhy;tha;>  21-tJ E}w;whz;by;
fh];Nfh Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; ,e;jpahtpd; rhjidfis
nray;gl;l I.eh. ghJfhg;G gy;NtW epiyfs; %yk;
gilf;F ,e;jpah jdJ tpsf;fyhk;.
JUg;Gf;fis mDg;gp itj;jJ.
r%f Nkk;ghL
 ,e;jpah ghfp];jhDld; 1965>
 nghJthfNt> gy;NtW jd;ikfspy;
1971> 2000 Mfpa %d;W Kiw
gy;NtW [hjpfs;> kjq;fs;>
Nghhpy; <Lgl;lJ.
nkhopfs;> fyhr;rhuq;fs; kw;Wk;
 ,e;jpa fpof;F ghfp];jhdpd;
,dq;fs; epyTfpd;w xU
tpLjiyf;F MjuT
gd;Kfr;r%fkhf ,e;jpah cs;sJ.
njhptpj;jJ. gq;fhsNj\;
cyfpd; kf;fl; njhif hPjpahf
tpLjiy mikg;ghd
rPdhtpw;F mLj;J ,uz;lhtJ
Kj;jpthfpdpAld; ,e;jpag;
nghpa ehlhf ,e;jpah ,Uf;fpwJ.
gilfs; ,ize;J Nghuhbajhy;
1872 y; KjyhtJ mfpy ,e;jpa
1971 brk;ghpy; gq;fhs Nj\;
kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;G
tpLjiy ngw;wJ.
Kbf;fg;gl;lJ. 1887 ypUe;J
 1971 -y; gq;fsh Nj\; tpLjiy xt;nthU gj;J tUlj;jpw;F xU
ngw;wjpypUe;J ,e;jpah Kiw kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;G
mjDld; el;Gwitg; Ngzp vLf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. 1920 y;
tUfpwJ. tiu ,e;jpahtpd; kf;fs; njhif
nkJthf tsh;ej
; J.

7
 

 1911 ypUe;J 1920 tiuapyhd gj;J ke;jphpia> gpujk ke;jphpia

Mz;LfspYk; kw;Wk; 1921 ypYk; jiytuhfTk;> khepy
guTk; Neha;fs; epytpajw;fpzq;f Kjyikr;rh;fs;> kj;jpa
kf;fs; njhif rhpT ,Ue;jJ. mikr;rh;fs;> muRrhuh
Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpwF kf;fs; njhif epWtdq;fs;> kf;fl; njhif
tsh;r;rp kpf mjpf msT epGzh;fs; kw;Wk; nghJr; Rfhjhu
,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. 2001 -d; kf;fs; gzpahsh;fs; Nghd;Nwhiu
njhif fzf;nfLg;gpw;fpzq;f cWg;gpdh;fshfTk; ngw;Ws;s
,e;jpahtpd; kf;fs;njhif 102.7 kf;fs; njhif kPjhd xU Njrpa
Nfhbahf ,Ue;jJ. Mizak; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 Mdhy; 2011 d; kf;fs; njhif tWik xopg;G:
fzf;nfLg;gpd;gb 120 Nfhbahf  tWik vd;gJ xU ePz;l
cah;eJ
; s;sJ. kf;fs; njhiff; Rfhjhukhd kw;Wk;
nfhs;ifia Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Mf;fg;g+h;tkhd tho;it
Nehf;fj;Jld; lhf;lh;.vk;.v];. elj;Jtjw;Fk;> epahakhd
Rthkpehjd; vd;gtiu jiytuhf tho;f;if juk;> Rje;jpuk;> khz;G>
nfhz;l xU epGzh; FOit Rakhpahij kw;Wk; kw;wtiu
,e;jpa murhq;fk; epakpj;jJ. kjpj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw
 mf;FO 1994 -Mk; Mz;L Nk 21- mDgtpg;gjw;Fk; chpa
Mk; ehs; ghpe;Jiufis tha;gG
; fis kWj;jy; MFk;.
rkhg;;gpj;jJ. ,jd; mbg;gilapy;  tWikia xopg;gjw;fhf ,e;jpa
Njrpa kf;fs; njhif 2000 murhq;fk; gy;NtW tWik xopg;G
nfhs;ifia (National Population jpl;lq;fis
Policy) ,e;jpa murhq;fk; mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
mwptpj;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf gpujk  mitahtd:
t. vz; jpl;lk; mwpKf tUlk;
1. xUq;fpize;j Cuf tsh;r;rpj; jpl;lk; 1978
(IRDP)
2. RaNtiy tha;gg
; pw;fhd fpuhkg;Gw 1979
,isQh;fspd; gapw;rp(TRYSEM)

8
 

3. Njrpa fpuhkg;Gw Ntiy tha;g;Gj;jpl;lk; 1980

4. fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; 1982
Foe;ijfspd; Nkk;ghL (DWCRA)
5. fpuhkg;Gw epykw;Nwhh; Ntiytha;g;G 1983
cj;jputhjj;jpl;lk; (RLEGP)
6. ,e;jpuh Mth]; Nah[dh (IAY) 1985
7. [t`h; Nuh[;fhh; Nah[dh (JRY) 1989
8. gpujk ke;jphpapd; Nuh[;fh; Nah[dh (PMRY) 1993

9. kpy;ypad; fpzWfs; jpl;lk; (MWS) 1996

10. fq;fh fy;ahz; Nah[dh (GKY) 1997

tptrhaf; nfhs;ifia (National

nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp:
Agricultural Policy) mwptpj;jJ.
 ,e;jpa nghUshjhuk;
nghJj;JiwfisAk;> jdpahh;
Njrpa tUkhdk;:
JiwfisAk; cs;slf;fpa fyg;G
 xU ehl;bd; cz;ikahd
nghUshjhukhFk;. tptrhak;
tUkhdk; vd;gJ me;j ehl;by;
nghUshjhu Nkk;ghl;bd;
cw;gj;jpahd nkhj;j nghUs;fs;
KJnfYk;ghf cs;sJ. fr;rh
kw;Wk; gzpfis Fwpf;Fk;. Njrpa
nghUl;fSldhd mjpf
tUkhdk; vd;gJ xU tUlj;jpy;
vz;zpf;ifAs;s njhopy;fis
xU ehl;by; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l
tptrhak; Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.
midj;J ,Wjpahd nghUl;fs;
,e;jpahtpy; 64% ciog;G
kw;Wk; gzpfspd; gzkjpg;ghf
rf;jpf;F mJ Neub
cs;sJ. ,e;jpahtpy; xU
tho;tspf;fpwJ. vd;gJ ,e;jpa
mbg;gil tUlj;Jld; epiyahd
tptrhaj;jpd; ,ay;ghd
tpiyfspy; Njrpa tUkhdk;
jd;ikahFk;. Kjyhk; Ie;jhz;L
fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.
jpl;lj;jpd; tpisthf
 jw;Nghija mbg;gil tUlk;
tptrhaj;jpy; gRikg;Gul;rp
2004-05 MFk;.
rhjpf;fg;gl;lJ. [_iy 2000y;
,e;jpa murhq;fk; mjd; Gjpa

9
 

njhopy;> mwptpay; kw;Wk; kw;Wk; Nkk;ghL> ,d;Dk; ,J

njhopy;El;gk;: Nghd;w gytw;wpd; %ykhf
 njhopy;fspd; Nkk;ghl;by; Nkk;ghL mile;Js;sJ.
nray;gLtjw;F xU rpwe;j gq;if jpl;lkply;:
muR ngw;wpUe;jJ vd;w fUj;J  murpay; Kiwik> murpay;
[t`h;yhy; NeUit jiytuhf kw;Wk; MSikapd; rpwg;Gfs;
nfhz;l Njrpa jpl;lf; FOtpd; njhlh;ghf gphpl;ldpd;
(1938) mwpf;ifapy; fhzg;gl;lJ. cjhuzj;ij ,;ejpah
 ,J njhopy; nfhs;ifapd; (1945) gpd;gw;wpaJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> ,J
mwpf;ifapy; typAWj;jg;gl;lJ. tiuapyhd nghUshjhu kw;Wk;
Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpy; njhopy; tptrha Nkk;ghL njhlh;ghf>
epfo;Tfis mikj;jjpy; rpy Kd;Dhpikj; jpl;lkply; kw;Wk;
gpujhd Jtf;fq;fs; Kiwahd mKyhf;fj;ij
gpd;tUfpd;wd. typAWj;jpa Nrhtpaj; khjphpia
1) njhopy; nfhs;if jPhk
; hdk; 1948 ,e;jpah gpd;gw;WfpwJ.
2) njhopy;fs; Nkk;ghL kw;Wk;  jpl;lkpl;l Nkk;ghl;bd; u\;a
jPhkhdr;rl;lk;. Kiwapd;Mjuthsuhf
3) njhopy; nfhs;ifj; jPhk
; hdk; rkjh;kthjpahd gz;bj
1956 [t`h;yhy; NeU ,Ue;jhh;.
4) njhopy; nfhs;if mwpf;if mthpd; Kaw;rpapdhy;
1977 ,e;jpahtpy; jpl;lKiw
5) njhopy; nfhs;if mwpf;if 1980 mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
kw;Wk;  ,Jtiu gdpnuz;L Ie;jhz;L
6) Gjpa njhopy; nfhs;if 1991 jpl;lq;fs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;
 ,e;jpah mwptpay; kw;Wk; gl;Ls;sd. gdpnuz;lhtJ
njhopy;El;gj;jpy; mwptpay; Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; jw;NghJ
Ma;T> njhopy;El;g ikaq;fis eilKiwapy; cs;sJ.
epWTjy;> fUtpfis  1966 ypUe;J 1969 tiuapYk;
etPdg;gLj;Jjy;> i`l;u[d; kw;Wk; 1990 ypUe;J 1992
kw;Wk; iel;u[d; Fz;Lfis tiuapYk; jpl;l tpLKiw
jahhpj;jy;> tpz;ntsp Ma;T ,Ue;jJ. jpl;lq;fspd;

10
 

Nrhjidahd mDgtj;jpw;F rl;lj;jpUj;jg;gb rkjh;kk;

gpd;dh;> %d;W tUlq;fshf kw;Wk; kjr;rhh;gpd;ik>
jpl;l tpLKiw mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jpahtpd; xUikg;ghL
 me;j fhyj;jpy; tUlhe;jpu Mfpait KfTiuapy;
jpl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;L mKy; Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
gLj;jg;gl;ld. gRikg;Gul;rp> gz
3. mbg;gilf; flikfs;:
thl;lj;ijf; Fiwj;jy; kw;Wk;
 42-tJ rl;lj;jpUj;jj;jpdhy;
tq;fpfis Njrpakakhf;Fjy;
xU Gjpa gFjp IV - m tpy;
Nghd;witfs; me;j
mbg;gilf; flikfs;
fhyfl;lj;jpy; gpujhd tsh;r;rpg;
Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
gbfshf ,Ue;jd.
 gQ;rhaj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; efuhl;rp:
III. murpay; khw;wk;:
1992 d; 73 tJ kw;Wk; 74 tJ
 ,e;jpahtpd; murpay; khw;wj;ij
murpayikg;G rl;lj;
Fwpg;ghf murpayikg;G
jpUj;jj;jpd; gb KiwNa gFjp
khw;wq;fspd; %yk; fhzyhk;.
IX y; gQ;rhaj;Jf;fSk; gFjp IX
1. murpayikg;gpd; nghpjhf;fk;:
- mtpy; efh;Gw cs;shl;rp
 Muk;g murpayikg;G - 1
mikg;GfSk; 11> 12 tJ
KfTiu> 22 gFjpfs; 395
ml;ltizfshf Nrh;f;fg;
tpjpfs;> 8 ml;ltizfs;
gl;Ls;sd.
 jw;Nghija murpayikg;G - 1
KfTiu> 24 gFjpfs;> 450 5. $l;LwT $l;lhl;rp:
tpjpfs;> 12 ml;ltizfs;.  ,e;jpah gy khepyq;fis
 NkYk; tpjp 368 f; fpzq;f 110 ngw;wpUg;gjhYk; kw;Wk;
KiwfSf;F Nky; khepyq;fSf;fpilNa
jpUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. cyfpd; kl;Lkpy;yhky; kj;jpa muR kw;Wk;
kpfTk; tpsf;fkhd nghpa khepyq;fSf;fpilNa gy
murpayikg;G ,e;jpa gpur;ridfs; eilngWtjhy;>
murpayikg;Ng MFk;. 1990 y; rh;f;fhhpah
2. KfTiuapy; khw;wq;fs;: Mizaj;jpd; ghpe;Jiufspd; gb
 1976 - Mk; Mz;bd; ehw;gj;J khepyq;fSf;fpilNaahd
,uz;lhtJ (42) murpayikg;G

11
 

fTd;rpiy (Inter State Council) 7. eph;thfr; rPh;j;jpUj;jq;fs;:

murpayikg;G cUthf;fpAs;sJ.  ,e;jpahtpy; eph;thfj;ij
6. Njh;jy; rPh;j;jpUj;jq;fs;: rPhj
; ;jpUj;j> gy;NtW
 ,e;jpahtpy; Njh;jy; rPhj
; ;jpUj;j Kaw;rpfs; kw;Wk;
rPhj
; ;jpUj;jq;fSf;fhf Nkk;ghl;bw;fhf gy FOf;fs;
ghpe;Jiufs; toq;f lhh;Fd;Nl Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
FO (1974) kw;Wk; jpNd\; 1. ma;aq;fhh; FO (1949)
Nfh];thkp (1990) Mfpa 2. Nfhh;thyh FO (1951)
Kf;fpa FOf;fs; 3. mg;ypgp mwpf;if (1953 & 1956)
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. 4. Kjy; eph;thfr; rPh;j;jpUj;j
 fl;rp khwh jilr;rl;lk; (1985)> Mizak; (1966 - 70)
18 tajile;j midtUf;Fk; (Administrative Reforms
thf;fspf;Fk; chpikia Commission) - I -nkhuhh;[p
toq;fpa 61 tJ murpayikg;G Njrha; jiyikapy; 5 cWg;gpdh;
jpUj;jk; (1988) Nghd;witfs; Mizak;.
,e;jpahtpy; Kf;fpa Njh;jy; 5. ,uz;lhtJ eph;thfr;
rPhj
; ;jpUj;jq;fshFk;. rPhj
; ;jpUj;j Mizak; (ARC -II)
(2005) - tPug;gnkha;yp
jiyikapy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

njhopyhsh; kw;Wk; njhopy; rq;f mikg;Gfs;

mikg;G Mz;L jiyth;

Kk;ig Miy kw;Wk; Miy iffs; 1880 N.M. Nyhf;ee;jh

ciog;ghsh;fs; 1870 rrpghj gdhh;[p
gphpz;lh;fspd; rq;fk; 1905
,uapy;Nt njhopyhsh; rq;fk; 1906
fk;fh; `pj;th;jf; rgh 1909 SK NghNy
r%f Nrit yPf; 1911
nkl;uh]; njhopyhsh;fs; rq;fk; 1918 G.R. ehAL
myfhghj; ,uapy;Nt njhopyhsh;fs; 1897

12
 

myfhghj; nerT njhopyhsh; rq;fk; 1920 B.M.K. fhe;jp

midj;J ,e;jpa njhopw;rq;f khehL 1920 NM N[h];rp

Kk;ig nerT njhopyhsh; rq;fk; 1920

midj;J ,e;jpa njhopw;rq;f $l;likg;G 1929 NM N[h];rp

Njrpa njhopw;rq;f $l;likg;G

tFg;G thj ,e;jpah 1920 vk;.vd;.uha;
rprhd; fl;rp 1923 / kjuh]; rpq;fhuNtY
Rauh[;[pa fl;rp gpd;dh; tptrhapfs; Fthrp e];&y;
kw;Wk; njhopyhsh;fs; fl;rpahf
khw;wg;gl;lJ
njhopyhsh;fs; kw;Wk; tptrhapfs; fl;rp 1927 / Kk;ig SS kph;shf;fh;> KN
N[hf;fh; kw;Wk; SV
Nfl;
gP`hh; Nrhrypr fl;rp 1931 N[.gp. ehuhazd;
fhq;fpu]; Nrhrypr fl;rp 1934 eNue;jpu Njt;> N[.gp.
ehuhazd; kw;Wk;
kpNdh k];rhdp
Kd;Ndhf;F njhFjp 1939 SC Ngh];
fhq;fpu]; njhopyhsh; fl;rp 1926 / Kk;ig
,e;jpahtpd; nghy;btpf; fl;rp 1939 N.D. k[;[Pk;jhh;
jPtpu [dehaff; fl;rp 1940 vk;.vd;.uha;

13