11/12

Entrepreneurship
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
The 4Ms of Operations

SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Subject Area – Grade 11/12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 1: The 4Ms of Operations
First Edition, 2020

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ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Jim Boy M. Pestaño
Editors: Hilda Emma D. Macaway
Reviewers: Luzviminda R. Loreno – SHS Coordinator
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza
Management Team: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V – Schools Division Superintendent
Carlos G. Susarno, CESO VI – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Juliet F. Lastimosa, CID Chief
Sally A. Palomo, EPS - LRMS
Gregorio O. Ruales, EPS – ADM Coordinator
Dr. Luzviminda R. Loreno – Division Senior High School
Coordinator
Gregorio O. Ruales - Division ADM Coordinator
Luzviminda R. Loreno – SHS Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – General Santos City

Office Address: Tiongson St., Lagao, General Santos City

Telefax: (083) 552-8909
E-mail Address: depedgensan@deped.gov.ph
 11/12

Entrepreneurship
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
The 4Ms of Operations

SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Entrepreneurship 11/12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on The 4Ms

of Operations!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Entrepreneurship 11/12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on The 4Ms

of Operations!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or

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 skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master on describing the 4Ms (Manpower, Method, Machine, Materials) of
operations in relation to the business opportunity. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

In this module, you will describe the 4Ms (Manpower, Method, Machine, Materials)
of operations in relation to the business opportunity.

Learning Code: TLE_ICTAN11/12EM-Ia-1

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define the 4Ms of operations (Manpower, Method, Machine, Materials); and
2. describe the 4Ms of operations (Manpower, Method, Machine, Materials) its
relation to the business opportunity.

GENERAL INSTRUCTION: Write all your answers on the answer sheet or in a

separate paper/notebook as per advised by the subject teacher.

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 What I Know

Instruction: Choose the correct answer by encircling the letter of your choice on
the following questions.

1. The most important factor in the production?

a. Place c. People
b. Product d. Position

2. 4M: equipment.
a. Method c. Machine
b. Manpower d. Material

3. 4M: the process

a. Method c. Machine
b. Manpower d. Material

4. 4M: used to make new products

a. Method c. Machine
b. Manpower d. Material

5. 4M: people
a. Method c. Machine
b. Manpower d. Material

6. Cost, quality, and availability should be considered in choosing

___________.
a. product c. price
b. material d. machine

7. Determine what should be sold.

a. Skills for work c. Mode of production
b. Equipment d. Product to produce

8. 4M EXCEPT one:
a. Money c. Manpower
b. Machine d. Method

9. 4M: Supply Distribution

a. Manpower c. Machine
b. Materials d. Method

10.Employee qualification EXCEPT one:

a. Work Experience c. Educational Background
b. Work Attitude d. Application Letter

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11.It refers to the system and step by step process in the business.
a. Machine c. Manpower
b. Methods d. Materials

12.This is the worker in the business organization.

a. Materials c. Machine
b. Manpower d. Methods

13.These are the basic tools to produce goods or to generate services.

a. Materials c. Machine
b. Methods d. Manpower

14. A basic ingredient in management be it a service industry or a product

industry.
a. Machine c. Methods
b. Manpower d. Materials

15.It is designing, developing and executing operations that assures the

intended outcome of the customer’s wants and desires.
a. Human Resource Management c. Financial Management
b. Operations Management d. Marketing Management

3
Lesson

1 The 4Ms of Operations

Good day students! In our previous lesson, we discussed on how to develop brand
name as found necessary in every business venture that we may have.

Today, we will discuss the 4Ms of Operations namely, Manpower, Method, Machine,
and Materials in relation to business opportunity.

In this lesson, we will discover how these 4Ms will relate in seizing business
opportunity and be able to use it in our proposed business venture.

What’s In

In our previous lesson, we tackled how brand name was developed. For us to
connect it in today’s lesson, let us review what we had learned by answering the
following:

1. What is a brand?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What do you consider to develop an effective brand name?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Why an effective branding is important in every business venture?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. An effective brand means?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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 Notes to the Teacher
Teacher facilitates an activity that enables learners to use
previously taught lesson.

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 What’s New

Activity 1: It’s Show M!

Instruction: Based on the pictures presented, identify what M is it. Write M1 for
Methods, M2 for Materials, M3 for Manpower, and M4 for Machine. Write your
answer beside the picture.

__________ 1.

www.pngitem.com

__________ 2.
www.slideshare.net

__________ 3.
depositphotos.com

__________ 4.

clipart-library.com

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__________ 5.
clipart-library.com

__________ 6.

sweetynational.com

__________ 7.

www.eui.eu

__________ 8.

clipart-library.com

__________ 9.

www.wanderglobe.org

__________ 10.
rotacloud.com

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Picture Analysis

1. What is the picture all about?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Can you tell the relationship of the pictures with each other?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. In your own understanding, what role does these pictures play in the
business?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

What is It

Great! I believe that you are now ready to discover the 4Ms of operations and relate
it to business opportunity. Our discussion deals with how each M plays an
important role in every business operations.
THE 4Ms of OPERATIONS
The 4Ms of operation in relations to business opportunity means that the four
critical domains, usually attributed to manufacturing, those are: man, machine,
material and method work together. These four critical domains are also applicable
to business opportunities since business is in essence tied to manufacturing as
well. When putting up a business, manpower is critical as well as the other
elements. The businessman must take all of those into account. Let us look at each
one in detail.
OPERATION MANAGEMENT
- About delivering products and services to customers to meet or surpass
their expectations.
- It’s designing, developing and executing operations that assures the
intended outcome of the customer’s wants and desires.

METHODS
- It refers to the system and step by step process in the business. Without
a scalable process, it would be difficult to expand the business. This
means that the methods used in the main branch must be documented

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 and must be replicated as well in other branches. If it is difficult to
implement at another site, find what needs to be improved.
- A set of procedures and instructions.
- Plans, Policies, Procedures, and Data.
- The Manager will determine the most efficient way for each portion of the
process to be done to eliminate damage to the product and to eliminate
areas where time and manpower are be wasted.
- Controlling waste is the key to efficient and profitable production.

MANPOWER

- This is the worker. When setting up a business, finding honest and

capable people is always a challenge. People can be honest but may not
be capable or competent and some are capable but not honest. It is a
rare find to find someone with all the ideal qualities. So for a
businessman, they must be able to treasure their employees who are
both capable and honest as they are integral to the growth of the
business.
- Man in management is referred to as a human resource.
- It is the recruitment, promotion, and grievances of handling personnel.
- When examining the Methods you now have in place, what is the ideal
number of people it will take to perform these methods and what
positions should they be in?
- How will the personnel be trained and measured for performance?
- What is the “cycle time” of each part of the Method?

MACHINE
- Machinery is also important. Without the proper equipment, you will not
be able to perform the needed tasks efficiently. You may be able to use
the manpower to do it but it is usually more efficient if machines are able
to automate the work.
- These are the basic tools to produce goods or to generate services.
- Selection of an appropriate machine not only enhances efficiency but also
saves times and increases revenue.
- When examining your facilities, vehicles and tools, do you have
everything you need to ensure the safety of the employees while
maximizing the efficiency and productivity of the department?
- Do all employees have access to the same tools and equipment if needed?
- Do the tools enable them to perform tasks independently?
- Are they trained on how to maintain the machinery and tools?

MATERIALS
- Sourcing raw materials is critical in any business endeavour as the
businessman would want to have the cheapest possible at the highest
quality.
- Is a basic ingredient in management be it a service industry or a product
industry.
- Most of the industries locate themselves nearby to the availability of
material.
- Do you have the materials needed to perform all parts of production and
are they conveniently located to minimize waste?
- Does the layout of the production department minimize wasted
movement?

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Running a business is a complex process and all of these elements interplay. It is
not just one machine for example but many. Manpower issues could also arise,
which would challenge the method that has been set up. It is up to the
businessman to identify and solve these issues.

What’s More

Activity 2: Paint/Paste me a Picture!

Instruction: Paint/paste a picture on the space provided, showing an ideal

business organization. Please highlight in your picture the 4Ms that you think
necessary in business operations.

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 Rubrics for Scoring:
Content of the Picture - 20pts
Craftsmanship and Work Quality - 20pts
Visual Presentation - 10pts
Total - 50pts

What I Have Learned

Now, let’s try this.

Instruction: Below are statements that describes each of the 4Ms of Operations.
Group each statement by connecting the dots which you think describes the M it is
referring to.

 (a) able to automate the

 (b) a set of procedures
work for efficiency
and instructions
 (o) Plans, Policies,
Procedures, and Data  (c) a basic ingredient
in management

 (n) cheapest possible  (d) the system and step by

at the highest step process in the business
quality

 (m) the worker

 (l) locating the

business
nearby to the  (e) referred to as
availability of it a human
is an advantage

 (k) integral to the  (f) needed to perform

growth of the business the tasks efficiently

 (j) the basic tools to produce

goods or to generate services
 (i) it is the recruitment,
promotion, and grievances of
handling personnel
 (g) it must be documented
and must be replicated as
well in other branches
 (h) if selected appropriately, it’s
not only enhances efficiency but
11also saves times and increases
revenue
 What I Can Do

Activity 3: Show M’s what you’ve got!

Instruction: Based on your proposed business venture in the previous activity, lay
down the Ms that you think needed in your business operation by putting a
description on the space provided below.

Name of Proposed Business Venture

____________________________________________

4 Ms of Operations Description (Write here what you think is needed

for your business operation)

Methods

Manpower

Machine

Materials

Rubrics:

Understanding of the Topic - 20pts

Ability to Connect Ideas - 15pts
Content - 15 pts
TOTAL 50 pts

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 Assessment

Good job!

Now, let try this.

Instruction: Choose the correct answer by encircling the letter of your choice on
the following questions.

1. It is designing, developing and executing operations that assures the

intended outcome of the customer’s wants and desires.
a. Human Resource Management c. Financial Management
b. Operations Management d. Marketing Management

2. It refers to the system and step by step process in the business.

a. Machine c. Manpower
b. Methods d. Materials

3. 4M EXCEPT one:
a. Money c. Manpower
b. Machine d. Method

4. 4M: equipment.
c. Method c. Machine
d. Manpower d. Material

5. 4M: people
a. Method c. Machine
b. Manpower d. Material

6. This is the worker in the business organization.

c. Materials c. Machine
d. Manpower d. Methods

7. Cost, quality, and availability should be considered in choosing ___________.

a. product c. price
b. material d. machine

8. 4M: used to make new products

a. Method c. Machine
b. Manpower d. Material

9. These are the basic tools to produce goods or to generate services.

a. Materials c. Machine

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 b. Methods d. Manpower

10.Determine what should be sold.

a. Skills for work c. Mode of production
b. Equipment d. Product to produce

11.4M: Supply Distribution

a. Manpower c. Machine
b. Materials d. Method

12.Employee qualification EXCEPT one:

a. Work Experience c. Educational Background
b. Work Attitude d. Application Letter

13.4M: the process

a. Method c. Machine
b. Manpower d. Material

14. A basic ingredient in management be it a service industry or a product

industry.
a. Machine c. Methods
b. Manpower d. Materials

15.The most important factor in the production?

c. Place c. People
d. Product d. Position

14
 Additional Activities

Great! Now, that you have gained understanding on the importance of the 4Ms of
Operations, you need to look for a business organization within your
locality/community and assess the 4Ms being used. Put your answer in the space
provided below.
Name of Business in the Community ___________________________________________

4 Ms of Operations Description (Write here your observation on each M

being used by the business organization identified
in your community)

Methods

Manpower

Machine

Materials

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Answer Key

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 References
Victorio, KJ., (2019). Describe the 4Ms of operation in relations to the business
opportunity. Retrieved from https://brainly.ph/question/2254689

Rose, J. (2016). 4M’s of Operations. Retrieved from

https://prezi.com/cmsajoartgje/4-m039s-of-operation/?library=

sweetynational.com/services/hr-solutions-manpower-services/
rotacloud.com/resources/employee-scheduling-guide/
depositphotos.com/13891119/stock-illustration-hotel-workers.html
www.eui.eu/ProgrammesAndFellowships/MaxWeberProgramme/News/2017/03-
28dataclinic
www.slideshare.net/NikitaDattani/production-management-61913208
www.pngitem.com/middle/hTJoTbR_factory-clipart-factory-machine-factory-
machinery-icons-png/
clipart-library.com/clipart/201091.htm
clipart-library.com/clipart/1173482.htm
www.wanderglobe.org/what-types-of-construction-materials-are-used-for-
buildings/

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 DISCLAIMER

This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd – Division of

General Santos City with the primary objective of preparing for and
addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s
Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary
material to be used by all learners in General Santos City in all public
schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development was
observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly
encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of General Santos City

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Tiongson Street, Brgy. Lagao, General Santos City

Telefax No.: (083) 552-8909

Email Address: depedgensan@deped.gov.ph