Tutorial Task 23.6.

2021
Give their view on philosophy of education
1) Aristotle
NAME: ARISTOTLE
OCCUPATION: PHILOSOPHER
BIRTH DATE: c. 384 BCE
DEATH DATE: c. 322 BCE
EDUCATION: PLATO’S ACADEMY, LYCEUM
PLACE OF BIRTH: STAGIRA, CHALCIDICE, GREECE
PLACE OF DEATH: CHALCIS, EUBOEA, GREECE

BRIEF HISTORY OF ARISTOTLE

 He was a Greek philosopher and polymath. Also a student of Plato and

teacher of Alexander the Great.
 His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics,
poetry, theatre, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government,
ethics, biology and zoology.
 Aristotle’s writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of
Western philosophy, encompassing ethics, aesthetics, logic, science,
politics, and metaphysics.

ARISTOTLE AS AN EMPIRICIST
o Empiricism is a theory of knowledge which states that knowledge
comes only or primarily from sensory experience.
o Aristotle is an empiricist because he thinks that all knowledge comes to
human beings from and through sensation.
o Our minds start out as blank slates and from sensation we get our ideas
or the so-called “contents” of our minds.

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
Metaphysics (questions related to existence)
Epistemology (questions related to knowledge)
Logic (theory of correct reasoning)
Values (ethics)
ARISTOTLE AND METAPHYSICS
 Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the study of
“first principles” and “being”.
 In other words, Metaphysics is the study of the most general aspects of
reality, such as substance, identity, the nature of the mind, and free will.
 It is a study of nature and the nature of the world in which man lives.
 Aristotle’s Metaphysics has as its central theme on an inquiry into how
substance may be defined as a category of being.
 According to Aristotle, the being of any individual thing is primarily
defined by what it is, i.e., by its substance.
 Substance is both essence (form) and substratum (matter) and may
combine form and matter

Aristotle divided his Metaphysics into three parts

Ontology: The study of being and existence
Theology: The study of a God or gods
Universal science: The study of first principles

ARISTOTLE AND ETHICS

 Ethics: moral philosophy

 Aristotle considered ethics to be a practical rather than theoretical
study.
 For instance, one aimed at becoming good and doing good rather than
knowing for its own sake.
 Aristotle taught that virtue has to do with the proper function of a thing.
 An eye is only a good eye in so much as it can see, because the proper
function of an eye is sight.
ARISTOTLE STYLE AND METHOD
The methods used by Aristotle for his investigations was scientific
Aristotle was Analytical and Logical in his treatment of subject
Aristotle was Practical and Realist

ARISTOTLE’S PHILSOPHY
o Direct observation of Nature
o Gave importance to Historical Consciousness

ARISTOTLE’S VIEWS
 Balance is the central concept to Aristotle’s views.
 Saw universe as being in a balanced and orderly fashion.
 Education was the means used to create a state of good citizens.
 A fulfilled person was an educated person.
 Education was essential for the self-realization of man.

EDUCATION & LEARNING

 Aristotle believed education and learning are always about an object and
should have content.
 He believed a teacher instructs a learner about an object, about some
knowledge, or some discipline.
 Teaching and learning are always about disciplined inquiry into some aspect of
reality.
 A school should cultivate and develop each person’s rationality.

ARISTOTLE AND EDUCATION

 “The aim of education was not only the attainment of knowledge but also the
attainment of happiness or goodness in life.”
 “The aim of education was the welfare of the individual. So as to bring
happiness in their lives.”
 Education is essential for the complete realization of man.

ARISTOTLE’S SCHEME OF EDUCATION

1. The early education is the responsibility of parents.
2. Further education is the responsibility of the state.
 3. At the same time parents are responsible for the moral development.

ARISTOTLE’S CURRICULUM
o Gymnastics: To develop sportsman spirit and to develop good habits for the
control of passions and appetites.
o Music and Literature for the moral and intellectual development.
o Recommend Mathematics for higher education.

ARISTOTLE’S METHOD OF TEACHING

Aristotle suggested two types of method
 Deductive method
 Inductive method

ARISTOTLE’S THEORY OF EDUCATION (type balik)

QUOTES BY ARISTOTLE ON EDUCATION

 “All men by nature desire knowledge.”
 “The educated differ from the uneducated as much as the living from the
dead.”
 “The roots of education are bitter but the fruit is sweet.”
 “Education is the best provision for old age.”

2) Al-Farabi
3) Immanuel Kant

4) Importance of Philosophy of Education to Teachers

 Teachers of reading should read research papers on reading and assessment

and be able to understand and comment on the issues involved.
 To develop the potential of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner, so
as to produce individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and
physically balanced and harmonious, based on a firm belief in and devotion to
God.