JUNE 2016

Q4 PART C) Pakistan was quite unsuccessful in solving the problems of partition

during a year's time. Jinnah became the first Governor General of Pakistan in 1947
with Liaquat Ali Khan as the first Premier. He himself Chaired Cabinet meetings
and was the president of the Constituent Assembly. He toured all the areas of
Pakistan to get across the message that everyone of us should think, feel and act as
a Pakistani and we should be proud of being Pakistani alone. Quaid-e-Azam was as
opposed to religious intolerance as he was to provincialism and Racialism. Even
after the movement of refugees, Pakistan had millions of non-Muslims and India
had millions of Muslims. The e in cash kind Quaid called himself the Protector
General of Religious Minorities. To help the newly arrived refugees, he set up
Quaid-e-Azam Relief Fund to rehabilitate the world community, the Quaide cured
membership of the country into the UN in September 1947. Karachi, the Capital of
Pakistan, he also established the State Bank of Pakistan on 1" July 1948. He also
re-organized the Civil Services to run the smooth administration. He wanted that
Government officers must have the right attitude to their work. In 1948, Industrial
Policy Statement was made to set up the industries in Pakistan. Apart from
successes, there were several failures as according to the Rad Cliffe award
Pakistan's main rivers were in control of India, who stopped the water supply in
1918. This problem was solved in 1960 when the canal water dispute was
discussed and Indus Basin Treaty was signed between Pakistan and India. Due to
migration, many millions of people were made homeless and were in a bad state.
Pakistan only received 200 million rupees at first instead of 750 million under the
final settlement. Jinnah negotiated to get the rest of the amount but it took months
to settle the problem. The military assets awarded to Pakistan were obsolete and
out of order, the army reached in 6 to 9 months. Pakistan had to face the defense
threats. There was also shortage of properly qualified and experienced personnel.
India occupied Kashmir and other princely states, the issue was placed in front of
the UN Security Council but it is not yet resolved. However, Jinnah tried to solve
the problems but was not completely successful as he could not live long.

JUNE 2007
QUESTION 4 PART C) The 'Canal Water Dispute' was an important problem for the
newly born state of Pakistan. The Canal Water problem started in April 1948 when
India discontinued the supply of irrigation water in those canals which entered
Pakistan from India side because their headworks were located in India. It was a
serious problem since India now controlled the water supply to Pakistan. Tension
rose between the two countries because Pakistan had to depend upon India for its
water supply. But immediately after partition there were several other more
pressing and important problems that Pakistan had to face. Setting up and
formation of a central government (which did not exist), the Refugee Problem,
Division of financial and military assets with India and the issue of the accession
of states (Junagarh, Hyderabad and Kashmir) were difficult problems at that time.
Our leaders first attended to the urgent problem of setting up of a central
government. Karachi was chosen as the capital of Pakistan. A federal cabinet of
ministers was formed to run the country with Liaqat Ali Khan as Prime
Minister.Mr. Jinnah became the Governor General Offices of central government
were housed in old army barracks and in hired private residential buildings. There
was no office equipment, no records, and above all there was an acute shortage of
properly trained office workers for the central government departments. was
indeed the most pressing problem. The refugee problem was also a difficult
problem because millions of refugees poured into Pakistan to seek shelter from
communal riots in India. The refugees were penniless, homeless and jobless. Most
of them flocked into big cities. Pakistan government set up camps where refugees
were kept for several months. A new department was created for refugee
rehabilitation and Quaid e-Azam Relief Fund was created for their help. Refugees
were gradually settled and it took several years till proper settlement was
completed. Division of financial and other assets presented great difficulty because
Indian government withheld the payment of Pakistan's share of Rs 750 million.
The central government of Pakistan had no money to meet her expenses. India
released Rs 500 million and Rs 200 million with great difficulty and delay, while
Rs.50 million were never paid at all. Similarly the military equipment which was
sent to Pakistan consisted of old and unusable machinery. Out of 16 ordnance
factories of undivided India, none was given to Pakistan. It was a big problem for a
new-born state. Accession of 3 princely states proved to be a difficult and serious
problem for Pakistan. The ruler of Junagarh state acceded to Pakistan but India
sent her army and occupied the state. Hyderabad state wanted to remain
independent. But India annexed the state by using military force. The state of
Kashmir proved to be the greatest problem. India sent her forces to occupy this
Muslim majority state. This problem still remains unsolve. The Canal Water
dispute started in April 1948. It was a deliberate attempt by India to strangle
Pakistan economy because it affected a large part of Southern Punjab. The supply
of water was resumed after lengthy negotiations with India and Pakistan had to pay
heavy amount of money to India for irrigation water. The problem was resolved
much later when 'Indus Water Treaty was signed between the two countries in
1960