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CAEPIPE - Buried Piping Analysis - FAQ
CAEPIPE - Buried Piping Analysis - FAQ
CAEPIPE - Buried Piping Analysis - FAQ
1. First define the types of soils you have (under Input>Misc menu>Soils),
2. Next, you tie these defined soils with pipe sections (in the Section dialog box got by Ctrl+L,
Section, double click on an empty row), you will see the item Soil in the bottom right corner.
3. Use this modified section for each row on the input screen that is buried with this soil around it.
Q. My piping model contains piping sections that are above ground and buried. Can I see only the
Buried sections of piping in CAEPIPE graphics?
A. Yes. You can see only the buried sections by highlighting the section that is tied to the soil. You
can use the Highlight feature in CAEPIPE under the Section List window and highlight the
buried piping sections.
A. Presently, no. A future release is anticipated to provide more comprehensive soil modeling.
Discretization is required near "regions of discontinuities." These regions are changes in
directions (bends, tees), OR where piping exits to open space, OR piping enters the buried
region. In these areas, the user needs to subdivide the model as finely as possible.
Q. Can you compare CAEPIPE's results with B31.1, Appendix VII?
A. There would be no point in performing a direct comparison with Appendix VII of B31.1 because
CAEPIPE is not based on Appendix VII guidelines. CAEPIPE's method shares a few similarities
with B31.1’s "Non-mandatory procedures for the design of restrained underground piping."
CAEPIPE's method is based upon the two references mentioned elsewhere in this FAQ.
CAEPIPE does not use "pipe trench width" and "type of backfill" as given in Table VII-3.2.3. Soil
density and Coefficient of friction are the same.
Q. Is it possible to specify different soil characteristics for different portions of the pipe model?
A. Yes. It is possible to have different soils for different portions of the piping model. Here is how:
1. Define different soil types under Misc>Soils.
2. Then, create as many pipe sections as the number of soils.
3. Associate each soil type with a section (to be used for the different portions).
4. Model piping using the different sections for different portions of the model.
Note: For vertical sections of pipe with varying buried depths, you can use only one soil tied to one
section and CAEPIPE will calculate appropriately.
Q. For Buried piping example in the User Manual Supplement, the coefficient Ks (0.75) cannot be
arrived at as shown (Nq/50), when Delta-value=20 deg. If you calculate Ks based on the
formula, that value would be = 0.29!
A. Yes. The number would indeed be 0.29. The number 0.75 chosen for the example is an arbitrary
one shown only for illustration.
Ks can vary depending on the compaction of the soil [from 0.25 (for loose soil) to 1.0 (really
compacted soil)].
Q. What references have been used for Buried piping formulations in CAEPIPE?
A. The Buried piping formulations in CAEPIPE are based on the following two works :
1. Tomlinson, M. J., Pile Design and Construction Practice. Fourth Edition.
London: E & FN Spon, 1994.
2. Fleming, W.G.K., et al. Piling Engineering. Second Edition. Blackie Academic
and Professional. (Chapters 4 and 5).
Nq = Bearing capacity factor = 0.98414 exp (phi * 0.107311), phi is in degrees
Axial direction:
____________________________________
Cohesive soil:
Axial load = PI * D * Af * Cs;
Cohesion less soil:
Axial load = PI * D * Ks * Sp * tan(delta)
Transverse direction:
____________________________________
Cohesive soil:
Transvers load = D * (2.0 * Cs + Sp + 1.5 * Cs * depth / D)
Cohesion less soil:
Transverse load = kp * kp * Sp * D;
Vertically downward direction:
____________________________________
Cohesive soil:
Downward load = D * (5.7182 * Cs + Soil density * bottom depth)=20
Cohesion less soil:
Downward load = D * (Soil density * bottom depth * Nq * dq + 0.5*Soil density * D * Nr * dr)
Vertically upward direction:
____________________________________
Cohesive soil:
Upward load = D * Soil density * top depth + 2 * Cs * top depth
Cohesion less soil:
Upward load = D * Soil density * top depth
Buried pipes are defined by defining soils (under Misc menu) and specifying the soils for pipe
sections under sections.
The (soil) Name is used to identify the soil and to associate the soil with a pipe section. Soil density
and Ground level are input for both cohesive and cohesion less soils. The ground level is used to
calculate depth of the buried section. For cohesive soil, strength is the undrained cohesive strength
(Cs). For cohesion less soil, Delta is angle of friction between soil and pipe and Ks is Coefficient of
horizontal soil stress.