khepy epHthfj;Jiw

khepy epHthfj;Jiw
Mz;L gzpf;fhyk; vd;gJ FbauRj;
MSeh; jiytH tpUk;Gk; tiu MFk;.
 MSeH jhd; tpUk;gpaNghJ jdJ
gjtpia tpl;L tpyfyhk;. gjtp tpyfy;
fbjj;ij FbauRj;jiythplk; rkh;gpf;f
 ekJ ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; \uj;J Ntz;Lk;.
153d; gb xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk; XH
MSeH epakpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. MSehpd; mjpfhuk; kw;Wk; gzpfs;
 khepy MSeH FbauRj; jiytuhy; 1. epHthf mjpfhuk;
epakpf;fg;gLfpwhH. ghuhSkd;w  xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk; MSeH xUth;
eilKiwf;fpzq;f MSeH khepyj;jpd; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
ngausT jiytuhthH.
 xU khepyj;jpd; epHthf eltbf;iffs;
 1956-Mk; Mz;bd; 7-MtJ murpayikg;G midj;Jk; MSehpd; ngahpy;jhd;
jpUj;jk; xNu MSeH ,uz;L my;yJ vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
,uz;bw;F Nkw;gl;l khepyq;fSf;F  khepy Kjyikr;rHfisAk; ,ju
MSeuhf gjtp tfpf;fyhk; vd;W top
mikr;rHfisAk; MSeH epakpf;fpwhH.
tif nra;jJ.
 [hHf;fz;l; kw;Wk; rj;jP\;fH>
 khepyj;jpd; nray;Jiw mjpfhuk; kj;jpagpuNjrk;> xhprh Nghd;w khepyq;fspy;
MSehplj;jpy; cs;sJ. khepyj;jpd; vy;yh kiytho; kf;fspd; Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhd
nray;Jiw eltbf;iffSk; MSehpd; mikr;riu MSeNu epakpf;fpwhH.
ngauhNyNa nray;gLj;jg; gLfpd;wd.
 khepy murpd; jiyik tof;FiuQiuAk;>
 ,e;jpaf; $l;lhl;rp Kiwapy; khepyj;jpd;
khepyNjHjy; MizaiuAk; epakpf;fpwhH.
murpayikg;Gj; jiytH> kj;jpa murpd; NkYk; mth;fsJ gjtpf;fhyk;> Cjpak;>
gpujpepjp Mfpa ,ul;ilj; jd;ikahd gb Mfpatw;iwAk; MSeH jPHkhdpf;fpwhH.
gq;fpid MSeH gjtpf;F murpayikg;G
 khepy gzpahsH NjHthizaj;jpd;
toq;fpAs;sJ.
jiytH kw;Wk; cWg;gpdHfis MSeH
jFjpfs; epakpf;fpwhH.
 murpayikg;Gg; gb 2 tpj jFjpfs;  ,tH khepy epHthf rk;ge;jkhd
MSeH epakdj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd. jfty;fisAk;> kNrhjhf;fisAk;
 ,e;jpa Fbkfdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kjyikr;rH thapyhf ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpwhH.
 35-taJ G+Hj;jpahfp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.  khepyj;jpy; FbauRj;jiytH Ml;rpia
 NkYk; kuGg;gb 2 jFjpfs; nray;gLj;j FbauRj;jiytUf;F
gpd;gwWgLfpd;wd. ghpe;Jiug;gH.
 gjtp tfpf;Fk; khepyj;ijr;  khepy gy;fiyf;fofq;fspd; jiytuhf
NrHe;jtuhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. MSeH cs;shH. NkYk; gy;fiuf;fofj;
 MSeiu epakpf;Fk; NghJ Jizj;jiytHfisAk; MSeH
FbauRj;jiytH rk;ge;jg;gl;l epakpf;fpwhH.
khepyj;jpd; Kjyikr;riu fye;J 2. MSehpd; rl;lkpaw;wy; rhHe;j mjpfhuk;
MNyhrpf;f Ntz;Lk;.  khepy MSeH khepy rl;lkd;wj;Jld;
 MSeH gjtpNaw;wjpypUe;J 5 xUq;fpize;jtH MthH.
Mz;Lf;fhyk; gzpahw;wyhk;. vdpDk; 5

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 khepy epHthfj;Jiw

 khepy rl;lkd;w mitia (m) mitfis  MSeH rpy jUzq;fspy; mtuJ nrhe;j
xj;jpitf;fTk;> fiyf;fTk; MSeUf;F KbTfisf; nray;gLj;j murpayikg;gpy;
chpik cz;L. ,lk; cs;sJ. Mdhy; FbauRj;
 rl;lkd;wj;jpy; Mq;fpy-,e;jpa ,dj;jij jiytUf;F mt;thwhd mjpfhuq;fs;
NrHe;j xUtiu rl;lkd;w cWg;gpduhf ,y;iy.
epakpf;fpwhH.  42tJ rl;ljpUj;jj;jpw;F (1976) gpwF>
 rl;lNkyitapy; 1/6 gq;F cWg;gpdh;fis FbauRj;jiytH ke;jphpfs; rigapd;
epakpf;fpwhH. fy;tp> mwptpay;> fiy> MNyhridf;F ,zq;f Ntz;ba fl;lhak;
$l;LwT kw;Wk; r%f Nrit Mfpatw;wpy; te;jjJ. Mdhy; MSeUf;F mg;gbnahU
rpwe;j mDgtk; tha;e;j rhd;NwhHfis fl;lhak; ,y;iy.
epakpf;fpwhH. MSehpd; jd; tpUg;g mjpfhuq;fs;
 ruj;J 213-d; gb mtru fhy rl;lq;fis (Discretionary Powers)
MSeH gpwg;gpf;fyhk;.  FbauRj; jiythpd; ghprPyidf;fhf ve;j
xU kNrhjhitAk; MSeH mDg;gp
itf;fyhk;.
3. MSehpd; epjpepiy cwTfs;  khepyj;jpy; FbauRj; jiytH Ml;rpia
gpufldg;gLj;j MSeH ghpe;Jiuf;fyhk;.
 Mz;L epjpepiy mwpf;ifia MSeH
rl;lkd;wj;jpd; ,U mitfspNyh my;yJ  khepyj;jpd; epHthfk; kw;Wk; rl;lkpaw;Wjy;
mitapNyh rkHgpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd njhlHghd jfty;fis
Kjyikr;rhplkpUe;J Nfl;Lg; ngwyhk;.
ruj;J202(1) $WfpwJ.
 nghJj; Njh;jYf;Fg; gpd;G rl;lkd;wj;jpy;
 mtru fhy epjpapypUe;J Njitg;gLk;
ve;jf; fl;rpfFk; njspthd my;yJ jdpg;
NghJ gzk; vLf;f MSeUf;F chpik
ngUk;ghd;ik ,y;yhj NghJ ve;jf;
cz;L.
fl;rpapd; jiytiuAk; mikr;ruit
 5 Mz;LfSf;F xUKiw fpuhk mikf;f miof;fyhk;. mj;jifa
gQ;rhaj;J kw;Wk; efu gQ;rhaj;Jf;fhd mikr;ruit Fwpg;gpl;l fhyf;nfLtpw;Fs;
epjpfis gq;fPL nra;Ak; khepy epjp mitapy; ek;gpf;ifj; jPHkhdj;ij
Mizaj;ij GJg;gpg;ghH.
epiwNtw;WTk; cj;jutplyhk;.
Murpayikg;gpd;gb MSehpd; epiy  mikr;ruit ek;gpf;if thf;nfLg;gpy;
 khepyj;jpd; nrayhz;ik mjpfhuk; Njhy;tp mike;jhy; MSeH
MSehpd; %yk; NeubahfNth my;yJ mikr;ruitia ePf;fk; nra;ayhk;> kw;Wk;
mtuhy; epakpf;fg;gLk; mYtyH  mikr;ruit jdJ ngUk;ghd;ikia
%ykhfNth nray;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,oe;jhy; MSeH rl;lrigiaf;
(ruj; 154) fiyf;fyhk;.
 MSeUf;F mwpTiufs; toq;f  mrhk;> Nkfhyah> kpNrhuk; kw;Wk; jphpGuh
Kjyikr;rH cs;slq;fpa ke;jphpfs; rig khepyq;fspd; goq;FbapdH gFjpapy;
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. (ruj; 163) toq;fg;gl;l fdpk chpkq;fSf;fhf khtl;l
 ke;jphpfs; FO> khepy rl;lrigf;F $l;lhf fTd;rpy;fSf;F uhay;b njhif
Nrh;e;J nghWg;G nfhz;lyHfs; (ruj; 164) toq;FtJ.
 Nkw;fz;litfspypUe;J MSehpd; murpay;  ,j;jifa jd;tpUg;g mjpfhuq;fspy;
rl;lepiy FbauRj;jiythplkpUe;J ,U MSeH jkJ nrhe;j mwpitAk;> jd;
topfspy; NtWgLfpwJ vd;gijf; tpUg;GhpikiaAk; gad;gLj;jpr;
fhzKbfpwJ. nray;gLthH. mikr;ruitapd;
MNyhridg; gb nra;a Ntz;ba
mtrpakpy;iy.
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 khepy epHthfj;Jiw

,ju mjpfhuq;fs;
 khepyg; nghJg;gzp Mizaj;jpd; Mz;L mwpf;ifiag; ngWjy; kw;Wk; mjid mikr;ruit>
rl;lkd;wk; Mfpatw;wpd; tpthjj;jpw;fhf rkHg;gpj;jy;.
 khepy murhq;fj;jpd; gy;NtW Jiwfshy;> Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l tuT kw;Wk; nrytpdk; njhlHghd
,e;jpaj; jiyik fzf;fhsH kw;Wk; jzpf;ifahshpd; mwpf;ifiag; ngWjy;.
rpwg;gpay;Gila nghWg;Gfs;
(Special responsibilities)
 FbauRj;jiythpd; Mizg;gb rpy tpNr\khd nghWg;GfisAk; MSeH epiwNtw;WfpwhH.
,j;jifatw;wpy; mikr;ruitapd; MNyhridia MSeH ngw;whYk; $l ,Wjp Kbit mtNu
vLf;fpwhH.
 kfhuh\;buh– tpjh;ah kw;Wk; kuhj;thlh gFjpfSf;nfd;W jdpahd Nkk;ghl;L thhpak; mikj;jy;.
 F[uhj; - nrsuh\;buh kw;Wk; fl;r; gFjpfSf;nfd;W jdpahd Nkk;ghl;L thhpak; mikj;jy;.
 ehfyhe;J– cs;ehl;Lf; fyfq;fs; njhlUk;tiu rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;ifg; guhkhpg;gJ njhlHghdit.
 m];]hk; - goq;FbapdH gFjpfis epHtfpj;jy;.
 kzpg;G+H– kiyg;gFjpfis epHtfpj;jy;.
 rpf;fpk; - gyjug;gl;l kf;fspd; mikjpiaAk; kw;Wk; r%f> nghUshjhu Nkk;ghLfisAk;
cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;.
 mUzhr;ry gpuNjrk; - rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;ifg;guhkhpj;jy;.

FbauRj; jiytH MSeH

\uj;J – 72 \uj;J – 161
kd;dpf;Fk; mjpfhuk; kd;dpf;Fk; mjpfhuk;
1. kj;jpa nrayhz;ik mjpfhuk; njhlHghd 1. kj;jpa nrayhz;ik rl;lq;fSf;F vjpuhf
rl;lq;fSf;nfjpuhf nra;j Fw;wq;fSf;F Ghpag;gl;l Fw;wq;fSf;fhd jz;lidia MSeH
FbauRj;jiytH jz;lidia khw;Wk; mjpfhuk; Fiwf;fNth> js;spg; NghlNth> ePf;fNth KbAk;.
ngw;Ws;shH.
2. ,uhZt ePjpkd;wj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;l 2. ,uhZt ePjpkd;wj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;l
jz;lidiaf; $l jhkjg;gLj;jNth js;spg; jz;lidfspy; ,tUf;F ve;j mjpfhuKk;
NghlNth> jw;fhypfkhf jil nra;aNth> fpilahJ.
Fiwf;fNth> ePf;fNth FbauRj;jiytH mjpfhuk;
ngw;Ws;shH.
3. kuzjz;lidAk; ,tw;wpy; mlq;fhJ. 3. kuz jz;lidia ,tH ePf;f KbahJ. Mdhy;
js;spg;NghlNth> jw;fhypfkhf jil nra;aNth
,tUf;F ,jpfhuk; cz;L.
khepy Kjyikr;rH kw;Wk; khepy mikr;ruit
ruj;J – 123 ruj;J – 213

mtrur;rl;lk; ,aw;Wk; mjpfhuk; mtrur;rl;lk; ,aw;Wk; mjpfhuk;

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 khepy epHthfj;Jiw

,uz;L rigfspy; VNjDk; xd;W ,af;fj;jpy; khepy rl;l rig ,af;fj;jpy; ,y;yhj NghJk;
,y;yhj NghJ ,tuhy; mtrur;rl;lk; ,aw;w kw;Wk; (me;j khepyj;jpy; khepy rl;lkd;wk; ,uz;L
KbAk;. mitfis nfhz;L ,Ue;jhy;) ,uz;by; VNjDk;
xd;W ,af;fj;jpy; ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk
,tuhy; mtrur;rl;lk; gpwg;gpf;f ,aYk;. Mdhy;
fPo;tUk; %d;W tp\aq;fspy; ,tH FbauRj
jiythpd; topfhl;Ljy; ,y;yhky; mtrur;rl;lk;
,aw;w KbahJ.
1. FbauRj; jiythpd; xg;GjYf;fhf epWj;jp
itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; kNrhjhtpw;F
2. murpayikg;gpy; cs;s mNj mq;fq;fisf;
nfhz;l khepy kNrhjhtpw;F
3. murpayikg;gpd; fPo; nry;yj;jfhj mk;rq;fisf;
nfhz;l> [dhjpgjp xg;GjYf;F itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;
khepy rl;lrig kNrhjhtpw;F
ruj;J – 111 ruj;J – 200
uj;J mjpfhuk; uj;J mjpfhuk;
1. ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; mitfshy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l 1. khepy rl;lkd;wg; Nguitahy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l
kNrhjhTf;F xg;Gjy; mspf;fyhk; kNrhjhTf;F xg;Gjy; mspf;fyhk;.
2. jd;Dila xg;Gjiy epWj;jp itj;jpUg;gjhf 2. jdJ xg;Gjiy epWj;jp itj;jpUg;gjhf mtH
mtH mwptpf;f KbAk;. mj;jifa epiyapy;> mwptpf;f KbAk;. mj;jifa epiyapy; mJ
kj;jpa rl;l tiuT rl;lkhf;f ,ayhJ. rl;lkhf ,ayhJ.
3. gz kNrhjh my;yhj NtW VNjDk; xU 3. gz kNrhjh my;yhj NtW VNjDk; xU
rl;ltiuit ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; rl;ltiuit khepy rl;lkd;wg; Nguitapd;
kWghprPyidf;fhfj; jpUg;gp mDg;gp ,U kWghprPyidf;fhf xU nra;jpAld;> MSeH jpUg;gp
mitfSf;Fk; mj;jftiyj; njhptpf;fyhk;. mDg;gyhk;. me;j kNrhjh jpUj;jq;fSld; my;yJ
me;j kNrhjh> jpUj;jq;fSNdh my;yJ jpUj;jq;fs; ,y;yhkNyh khepy rl;lkd;wg;
jpUj;jq;fs; ,y;yhkNyh kPz;Lk; Nguitahy; kPz;Lk; epiwNtw;wg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy;>
ehlhSkd;wj;jhy; epiwNtw;wg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; MSeH ghprPyidf;F mJ kPz;Lk; mDg;gg;gl;lhy;
kPz;Lk; ghprPyidf;F mDg;gg;gl;lhy; FbauRj; me;j kNrhjhTf;F MSeH xg;Gjy; mspg;gijj;
jiytH mk;kNrhjhtpw;F xg;Gjy; mspg;gijj; jtpu mtUf;F NtW khw;W top VJk; fpilahJ.
jtpu mtUf;F NtW khw;W top VJk; fpilahJ.

4. xU khepy kNrhjh FbauRj; jiythpd; 5. me;j kNrhjhtpw;F> xd;W xg;Gjy; mspf;fhkNyh

ghprPyidf;fhf MSeuhy; ,Ug;gpy; itf;fg;gLk; my;yJ xg;Gjiy epWj;jp itf;fhkNyh my;yJ
gl;rj;jpy;> khepy rl;lkd;wg; Nguitapd; kWghprPyidf;fhfj;
a. mJ xU gzkNrhjhthf ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> jpUg;gpaDg;ghkNyh – MSeH> mtrpak; vd;W
FbauRj; jiytH> jdJ xg;Gjiy mjw;F mtH fUJk;gl;rj;jpy; FbauRj; jiythpd;
mwptpf;fyhk;: my;yJ xg;Gjiy epWj;jp ghprPyidf;fhf mij ,Ug;gpy; itf;fyhk;.
itf;fyhk;.
b. mJ gzkNrhjh my;yhj NtW VNjDk; xU mj;jifa ,Ug;gpy; itj;jy; vd;gJ>
kNrhjhthf ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> FbauRj; vt;thwhapDk; mk;kNrhjh caHePjpkd;wj;jpd;
jiytH> mjpfhuq;fspd; ngUikiaf; Fiyf;fpw msT

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 khepy epHthfj;Jiw

c. mjw;Fj; jhd; xg;Gjy; mspg;gjhf juf;Fiwthf ,Ue;jhNyh> my;yJ mJ rl;lhFk;

mwptpf;fyhk;> my;yJ jdJ xg;Gjiy epWj;jp gl;rj;jpy; caHePjpkd;wj;jpd; murpay; rl;l G+Ht
itf;fyhk;: my;yJ> khz;igr; rPh;Fiyf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; ,Ue;jhNyh
d. khepy rl;lkd;wg; Nguitf;F> mk;kNrhjhit kl;LNk ,Ug;gpy; itf;fg;gl Ntz;baJ
kWghprPyid nra;AkhW xU Fwpg;Gld; mtH mtrpakhFk;.
jpUg;gpaDg;gyhk;. mj;jifa epiyapy;> khepy
rl;lkd;wg; Nguit> MW khjq;fSf;Fs; mij MSeH ,t;thW xU kNrhjhitf; FbauRj;
kWghprPyidf;F nra;ayhk;. mk;kNrhjhitj; jiythpd; ghprPyidf;fhf ,Ug;gpy; itj;J tpl;l
jpUj;jq;fSlNdh my;yJ jpUj;jq;fs; gpwF> mijj; njhlh;e;J mk;kNrhjhitr; rl;lkhf;f
,y;yhkNyh kPz;Lk; epiwNtw;Wk;gl;rj;jpy;> mij xg;Gjyspf;Fk; nghWg;G FbauRj; jiytiur;
kWgbAk; FbauRj; jiythpd; xg;GjYf;fhf> rhHe;jNjad;wp> MSehpd; jug;gpy; mjd; gpwF
Neubahff; FbauRj; jiytUf;Fr; nra;tjw;F vt;tpjg; gq;Fk; ,y;iy.
rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;lhf Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW rl;lkd;wg;
Nguitahy; ,uz;lhtJ KiwahfTk;
epiwNtw;wg;gl;l kNrhjhthf ,Ug;gpDk;> mjw;Fj;
jd; xg;Gjiy mspj;Nj jPu Ntz;Lnkd;fpw
fl;lhak; FbauRj; jiytUf;Ff; fpilahJ.
MSeNuh FbauRj; jiytNuh> mtrur; rl;lk; gpwg;gpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd Njit ,Ue;jhy; kl;L Nk cldb
eltbf;if vLf;f KbAk;.

ehlSkd;w rl;lj;jpw;Fhpa mNj kjpg;Gk; mNj khepy rl;lrigapd; rl;lj;jpw;Fhpa mNj kjpg;Gk;
fl;Lg;ghLfSk; [dhjpgjpapd; mtrur; rl;lj;jpw;F mNj fl;Lg;ghLfSk;> MSehpd; mtrur;
cz;L. rl;lj;jpw;F cz;L.
mtrur;rl;lk; ,U mitfSk; kW$l;lk; NghLk; nghJ;ggl;baypd; muRr; rl;lj;Jld; mturr; rl;lk;
NghJ> mtw;wpd; Kd;ghf itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. [dhjpgjpapd; topfhl;Ljypd;gb ,aw;wg;gl;L
,Ue;jhy;> [dhjpgjpapd; ifnaOj;Jf;F
itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; khepy rl;lrigr; rl;lj;ijf;
fhl;bYk;> MSehpd; mtrur;rl;lNk Nkyhq;fp
epw;Fk;.
mtrur;rl;lk; ehlhSkd;wk; kW$l;lk mikj;J mtrur;rl;lk;> khepy rl;lrigapd; Kd;Ngh my;yJ
MW thuq;fSf;Fg; gpwF KbTWfpwJ my;yJ khepyj;jpd; ,U mitfspd; Kd;Ngh> mtw;wpd;
,jw;F Kd;Ng mtrur; rl;lj;ij ePf;f ,U kW$l;lj;jpw;Fg; gpd; itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
mitfshYk; jPHkhdq;fs; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lhy;>
,J KbAWk;. mtrur;rl;lk; khepy rl;lrigapd; kW$l;lj;jpw;F
MW thuq;fSf;Fg; gpwF KbtilfpwJ my;yJ
,jw;F Kd;Ng khepy rl;lrigahy; jPh;khdk;
jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;lhy;>(xU Ntiy <uq;f rigahf
,Ue;jhy;> ,uz;lhtJ mitahYk; Vw;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;)> ,J KbT ngWfpwJ.

khepy Kjyikr;rh; kw;Wk; khepy mikr;ruit

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 khepy epHthfj;Jiw

ekJ murpayikg;G rl;lj;jpy; khepy  khepy jpl;l fkp\dpd; jiytH.

Kjy; mikr;riu NjHe;njLf;Fk; Kiw  khepyq;fSf;F ,ilNaahd fTd;rpy;>
gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy> ,Ug;gpDk; Njrpa tsHr;rp fTd;rpy; Nghd;wtw;wpy;
\uj;J 164-y; khepy MSeH mtHfshy; cWg;gpduhf cs;shH.
Kjy; mikr;rH epakpf;fg;gLfpwhH vd;W  khepy murpd; jiyik fUj;J (nra;jp)
$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. mwptpg;ghsuhf cs;shH.
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gf;F ,zq;f> khepy  khepy murhq;fj;jpd; jiytuhf gy;NtW
nray;Jiwapy; ngausTj; jiytuhf gphpT kf;fsplkpUe;J mtHfspd;
MSeUk;> cz;ikahd jiytuhf fUj;JfisAk; FiwfisAk;
Kjyikr;rUk; cs;sdH. Nfl;lwpgtuhf cs;shH.
 Kjyikr;rH murhq;fj;jpd; jiytuhthH.
MSeH murpd; jiytuhthH.
 Kjyikr;rH khepy epHthfj;jpd;
jiytuhfTk; mikr;ruitapd; khepy mikr;ruit
jiytuhfTk; nray;gLfpwhH.

mjpfhuk; kw;Wk; gzpfs; murpayikg;gpd;gb ghuhSkd;w

1. mikr;ruitAld; cs;s njhlHG murhq;f Kiwapy; kj;jpa murpid Nghy;
 Kjyikr;ruhy; mwptpf;fg;gLk; egHfis khepy murpd; mikr;ruit Kjikr;riu
MSeH mikr;rHfshf epakpf;fpwhH. jiytuhf nfhz;L jpfo;fpwJ.
 Kjyikr;rNu midj;J mikr;rHfSf;Fk;  murpayikg;gpd; \uj;J 163 kw;Wk; 164
jdpj;jdp ,yhf;fhf;fis xJf;FfpwhH. Mfpad mikr;ruit FO gw;wpAk; mjd;
epakdk;> gjtpf;fhyk;> nghWg;Gfs;>
2. MSehplk; cs;s njhlHG jFjpfs; kw;Wk; nray;ghLfs; Fwpj;J
 Kjyikr;rH> MSeUf;Fk; ,ju $WfpwJ.
mikr;rHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa Kf;fpa
ghykhf nray;gLfpwhH. murpayikg;G Vw;ghLfs;
 Kf;fpa muR mjpfhhpfis epakpf;Fk; ruj;J – 163
NghJ Kjyikr;rhpd; MNyhridg;gb  Kjyikr;riu jiytuhf nfhz;l
MSeH mtHfis epakpf;fpwhH. (v.fh.) mikr;ruitf; FOtpd; MNyhrid kw;Wk;
1. khepy murpd; tof;FiuQH> cjtpapd; NghpNyNa MSeH gzpahw;w
2. jkpo;ehL muR gzpahsh;fs;> Ntz;Lk;(MSehpd; jd; tpUg;G mjpfhuk;
3. khepy NjHjy; MizaH. jtpu)
 MSeUf;F mikr;ruitahy; toq;fg;gLk;
3. khepy rl;lkd;wj;Jld; cs;s njhlHG MNyhrid Fwpj;J ve;j ePjpkd;wj;jpy;
 khepy rl;lkd;w $l;lj;njhliu Nfs;tp vOg;g KbahJ.
elj;Jtjw;Fk;> xj;jpitg;gjw;Fk; ruj;J – 164
MSeUf;F MNyhrid toq;FfpwhH.  khepy Kjyikr;rH MSeuhy;
 ve;j Neuj;jpYk; mikr;ruitia epakpf;fg;gLfpwhH. NkYk; Kjyikr;rH
fiyf;FkhW MSeUf;F rpghhpR ghpe;Jiuf;Fk; egiuNa MSeH
nra;ayhk;. mikr;rHfshf epakdk; nra;fpwhH.
 murpd; nfhs;iffis rl;lkd;wj;jpy;  mikr;ruit FOtpy; Kjyikr;riuAk;
mwptpf;fyhk;. NrHj;J mitapd; nkhj;j cWg;gpdHfspy;
4. ,ju gzpfs; kw;Wk; mjpfhuk; 15rjtPjj;jpjw;F kpfhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
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 khepy epHthfj;Jiw

 Mdhy; Kjyikr;rH cl;gl ,ju  mikr;ruitf; FOthdJ khepy

mikr;rHfspd; vz;zpf;if 12-f;F rl;lkd;wj;jpw;Ff; $l;Lg; nghWg;G
FiwahkYk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j tha;e;jjhFk;.
Vw;ghL 2003-Mk; Mz;L 91-  rl;lkd;wj;jpd; cWg;gpdH my;yhj egH
tJmurpayikg;G jpUj;jk; thapyhf mikr;ruhf gjtp Vw;why; 6-
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. khjfhyj;jpw;Fs; cWg;gpduhf Ntz;Lk;.
 MSeH tpUk;Gk; tiuapy; mikr;rHfs;  ika muirg;NghyNt khepyq;fspYk;
gjtpapy; ePbf;fyhk;. mikr;ruit %d;W tifahd
mikr;rHfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

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