K. J.

Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Batch: B4 Roll No.: 1821015

Experiment No. 01
Grade: AA / AB / BB / BC / CC / CD /DD

Title: Study of Cloud Computing & Architecture

Objective: Study the types of computing, NIST Definition for Cloud, 5 Essential
Characteristics of Cloud,Various cloud deployment models, service models and
the evolution of cloud computing. Studying various file service storage providers
that offer cloud storage, file synchronization and client software.

Expected Outcome of Experiment:

CO Outcome

Identify the principles and concepts in parallel and distributed computing

CO1
systems.

Books/ Journals/ Websites referred:

https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/server/know-how/what-is-distributed-
computing/

https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-145/final

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(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Abstract:-

Cloud computing”, a relatively recent buzzword in IT industry that came into existence
after decades of research in virtualization, utility computing, distributed computing,
networking, and software services. A cloud introduces an IT environment which is
invented for the motive of remotely provisioning measured and scalable resources. It
has evolved as a new paradigm for exchanging information and services over the
internet. It provides services to the users with greater reliability, flexibility, and
scalability. It is used as service-oriented architecture which reduces information related
overhead for End-Users. In this paper, we will discuss cloud computing concepts,
architecture and we mainly focus on some of the challenges related to the cloud
storage.

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Related Theory: -

Study the types of computing:

A computer system uses many devices, arranged in different ways to solve many
problems. This constitutes a computing environment where many computers are used
to process and exchange information to handle multiple issues.

The different types of Computing Environments are,

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(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Personal Computing Environment

In the personal computing environment, there is a single computer system. All the
system processes are available on the computer and executed there. The different
devices that constitute a personal computing environment are laptops, mobiles, printers,
computer systems, scanners etc.

Time Sharing Computing Environment

The time sharing computing environment allows multiple users to share the system
simultaneously. Each user is provided a time slice and the processor switches rapidly
among the users according to it. Because of this, each user believes that they are the
only ones using the system.

Client Server Computing Environment

In client server computing, the client requests a resource and the server provides that
resource. A server may serve multiple clients at the same time while a client is in
contact with only one server. Both the client and server usually communicate via a
computer network but sometimes they may reside in the same system.

Distributed Computing Environment

A distributed computing environment contains multiple nodes that are physically

separate but linked together using the network. All the nodes in this system
communicate with each other and handle processes in tandem. Each of these nodes
contains a small part of the distributed operating system software.

Cloud Computing Environment

The computing is moved away from individual computer systems to a cloud of

computers in cloud computing environment. The cloud users only see the service being
provided and not the internal details of how the service is provided. This is done by
pooling all the computer resources and then managing them using a software.

Cluster Computing Environment

The clustered computing environment is similar to parallel computing environment as

they both have multiple CPUs. However a major difference is that clustered systems are
created by two or more individual computer systems merged together which then work
parallel to each other.

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(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

NIST Definition for Cloud

Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network

access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers,
storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model is
composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment
models.

5 Essential Characteristics of Cloud:

On-demand self-service.

A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and
network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with
each service provider.

Broad network access.

Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms
that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones,
tablets, laptops, and workstations).

Resource pooling.

The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a
multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned
and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location
independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact
location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level
of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). Examples of resources include
storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth.

Rapid elasticity.

Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to

scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. To the consumer, the
capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be
appropriated in any quantity at any time.

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Measured service.

Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a

metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g.,
storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be
monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and
consumer of the utilized service.

Various cloud deployment models:

Most cloud hubs have tens of thousands of servers and storage devices to enable fast
loading. It is often possible to choose a geographic area to put the data “closer” to
users. Thus, deployment models of cloud computing are categorized based on their
location. To know which deployment model would best fit the requirements of your
organization, let us first learn about the types of cloud deployment models.

Private Cloud

It is a cloud-based infrastructure used by stand-alone organizations. It offers greater

control over security. The data is backed up by a firewall and internally, and can be
hosted internally or externally. Private clouds are perfect for organizations that have
high-security requirements, high management demands, and availability requirements.

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(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Public Cloud

This type of cloud services is provided on a network for public use. Customers have no
control over the location of the infrastructure. It is based on a shared cost model for all
the users, or in the form of a licensing policy such as pay per user. Public deployment
models in the cloud are perfect for organizations with growing and fluctuating
demands. It is also popular among businesses of all sizes for their web applications,
webmail, and storage of non-sensitive data.

Community Cloud

It is a mutually shared model between organizations that belong to a particular

community such as banks, government organizations, or commercial enterprises.
Community members generally share similar issues of privacy, performance, and
security. This type of deployment model of cloud computing is managed and hosted
internally or by a third-party vendor.

Hybrid Cloud

This model incorporates the best of both private and public clouds, but each can remain
as separate entities. Further, as part of this deployment of cloud computing model, the
internal, or external providers can provide resources. A hybrid cloud is ideal for
scalability, flexibility, and security. A perfect example of this scenario would be that of
an organization who uses the private cloud to secure their data and interacts with its
customers using the public cloud.

3 Service Models Of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing makes it possible to render several services, which can be defined
according to the roles, service providers and the user companies. Cloud computing
models and services are broadly classified as below:

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(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

IAAS: Changing Its Hardware Infrastructure on Demand

The Infrastructure As A Service (IAAS) means the outsourcing of the physical

infrastructure of IT (network, storage, and servers) from a third party provider. The IT
resources are hosted on external servers and users can access them via an internet
connection.

The Benefits

 Time and cost savings: more installation and maintenance of IT hardware in-
house,

 Better flexibility: On-demand hardware resources that can be tailored to your

needs,

 Remote access and resource management.

For Who?
This cloud computing service model is ideal for large accounts, enterprises or
organizations capable of building and managing their own IT platforms. However, they
want the flexibility to amend their infrastructure according to their needs.

PAAS: Providing A Flexible Environment For Your Software Applications

Platform as a Service (PAAS) allows outsourcing of hardware infrastructure as well

software environment, which includes databases, integration layers, runtimes and
more.

The Benefits

 Mastering the installation and development of software applications

 Time saving and flexibility for development projects: no need to manage the
implementation of the platform, instant production.

 Data security: You control the distribution, protection, and backup of your
business data.

For Who?
It is ideal for companies wanting to maintain control over their business applications.
However, they wish to get rid of constraints to manage the hardware infrastructure and
software environment.

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(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

SAAS: Releasing The User Experience Of Management Constraints

Software as a Service (SaaS) is provided over the internet and requires no prior
installation. These services can be availed from any part of the world at a minimal per
month fee.

The Advantages

 You are entirely free from the infrastructure management and aligning software
environment: no installation or software maintenance.

 You benefit from automatic updates with the guarantee that all users have the
same software version.

 It enables easy and quicker testing of new software solutions.

For Who?
SAAS model accounts for 60% of sales of cloud solutions. Hence, it is applicable and
preferred by most companies.

An effective strategy can be designed depending on the needs of the institutions using
the above mentioned cloud deployment models. Many organizations start with a service
model, such as SaaS, or a public deployment model. They gradually scale it as per
changes in requirements. Further, it is possible to use multiple deployment models to
support one or more service models.

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Service models and the evolution of cloud computing:

Cloud computing is all about renting computing services. This idea first came in the
1950s. In making cloud computing what it is today, five technologies played a vital
role. These are distributed systems and its peripherals, virtualization, web 2.0, service
orientation, and utility computing.

Studying various file service storage providers that offer cloud storage:

There are a number of free cloud storage options available these days. These cloud
storage are easy to use and provide free storage space up to 200 GB. These storage
solutions can be used for personal as well as business storage. All you need is get some
basic knowledge about these free cloud storage and choose the most suitable one. Here
we bring the list of the best free cloud storage, let’s dive deep to know more about these
cloud storage solutions.

1. Blomp

More often than not, the low storage warning on your mobile phones or the local disk
running out of storage on your PC or Mac is very frustrating. However, you don’t have
to worry anymore about storage space as Blomp brings free cloud storage and backup.
Blomp offers free cloud storage for your images, videos, and multiple files up to the
capacity of 200GB.

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Blomp is the ideal cloud storage alternative for you if you want a secure and simple
organization and backup for your videos and photos. Blomp is accessible through any
web browser on Mac, Windows, and Ubuntu Linux systems. You can also access
Blomp through the mobile app on your android smartphone or iPhone. The best thing
about Blomp is that you can manage files in your cloud storage directly from your
android smartphone or iPhone.

2. Degoo

Your search for reliable cloud storage providers with free service packages could also
lead you to Degoo. The 100GB of free storage in Degoo is one of its foremost
highlights. However, this is not the only positive aspect of Degoo. It serves as a reliable
cloud backup service. The mobile app of Degoo is easily accessible on Android and
iOS devices.

Most important of all, you can improve the free storage capacity through referrals and
avail mobile app support with free storage. The paid plans of Degoo begin with the $3
monthly charge for 500GB storage space.

3. Mega

The Mega cloud storage is a great storage space that is much similar to the dropbox
storage but the difference between the two is the amount of the space that both the
cloud storage provides. 50 GB of free space is available for the Mega cloud storage
users. Mega cloud storage helps users to download multiple files in the zip file and
uploading files through the mobile app is also possible.

The unbeatable storage of 50GB has made it among one of the popular free cloud
storage available and has attracted a large number of users towards Mega cloud storage.

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

The users who are searching for an excellent backup file option should definitely sign
up Mega cloud storage as it only provides the best storage but also with the many
security features.

4. Media Fire

Media Fire is easy to use and one of the best free cloud storage used for storing
documents and photos online. The initial free storage that media fire provides is 10 GB
but their incredible feature is that the free storage can be increased up to 50 GB. This
cloud storage has many features that have made the handling of files easier.

Media fire has made possible uploading multiple files at once from any browser which
is a unique feature and makes it different from the others. Organizing files in the file
manager of Media Fire have become easier. Searching for something that gives a
perfect personal document features? The Media Fire is here to ease your search as it
helps the users in sending documents with a specialized and free one time link which
enables the recipients to share it further.

5. Yandex Disk

Another notable mention among trustworthy, free cloud storage solution providers is
Yandex Disk. Users can ensure activation of auto-upload functionality on their phones
to facilitate the storage of all photos on Yandex Disk in the original resolution. The best
highlight about Yandex Disk is the support for Windows and macOS operating
systems.

You can transfer all files to Yandex Disk for accessing and editing them just like you
would have on a hard drive. Yandex Disk also enables users to make the most of Word,
Excel, and PowerPoint on their browsers without installing them. The most credible
benefit of Yandex Disk is evident in the facility of sharing files.

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

You get 10 GB free cloud storage as soon as you sign up for the Yandex. However, you
can even get an additional 32GB storage by participating in their promotional activities.
You can send short links as well as files ranging in size up to 50GB. Recipients can
view, download, and save the files on their Yandex Disk installation.

6. Google Drive

As we know all online storage works the same way i.e. we use a file, store on the web,
and sync it in our computers. But there are many standing features of Google Drive that
make it special among all the other cloud storage because it lets the users store their
personal stuff in a personal way and moreover the Google free cloud storage provides
with excellent free storage of 15GB and is one of the best cloud storage.

The Google Drive offline services help its users to view all the files and photos that are
saved online even when they have bad network service. Scanning documents have now
become much easier by just taking a snap of the document and the rest is done by the
drive like storing them in PDF form. Google free cloud storage is considered the best
which is integrated with all other Google services.

7. Icedrive

Icedrive is one of the next-generation alternatives among the best free cloud services
for effortless access, management, and updating of cloud storage. Users can access a
dedicated space for sharing, showcasing, and collaborating with your files. The most
prominent highlight of Icedrive as a cloud storage provider is the support for Twofish
Encryption.

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Just by signing up, you can get 10 GB free cloud storage. It also delivers a cleaner, and
easier user interface for file management. You can also gain the benefits of highly
responsive synchronization of your files with a simple click. Most important of all,
Icedrive also supports the streaming of media from your cloud storage and share with
friends.

8. Koofr

Among the many all-round best free cloud storage available presently, Koofr provides
credible 10 GB free cloud storage enabling connection of Dropbox, OneDrive, and
Amazon and Google Drive accounts. Koofr is unique in utilizing the free space
available on a hard drive.

It is easily compatible with android, iOS, macOS, and Windows, thereby providing
exceptional flexibility. The other notable features of Koofr directly indicate towards
providing automatic backup from phones and no restrictions on type or size of the file.
Furthermore, users can also avail an automatic backup of photos and videos from their
mobile phones with Koofr.

9. Mimedia

Mimedia is one of the promising additions among the best free cloud storage providers
in the present market. You get 10 GB free cloud storage when you sign up yourself
with the Mimeda. It basically serves as a cloud-based backup service that helps you
curate and manage your personalized file collection.

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(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Users can access and organize images, music, videos, and document files on all
devices. The striking highlight of Mimedia is the support for importing from Facebook,
Google, Dropbox, and Flickr. The desktop app of Mimedia is easily supported with PC
and Mac alongside providing support for uploading any type of content to the cloud.

10. Sync.com

This is also one of the other best free cloud storage available. Syn.com provides free
storage of about 5GB. It has become quite easy to back up files with Sync.com only
when the users have used something better than the sync folder because exploring the
sync.com web panel which offers incredible features is productive. The best feature of
the Sync.com is the restoring of deleted files and thereby stops users from regretting
mysteriously lost important documents.

Get free space feature is the most excellent feature that syn.com offers. If a user wants
to get a bit more space for files and photos what is to be done is tell a friend about Sync
and the number of friends signs up for sync gets a free gigabyte along with the user
who recommends it to others. The Sync Vault is a feature which helps the users to save
files and documents in a special storage space known as Vault which is different from
the Sync folder and all that is required to be done just select a file and choose the option
of Copy to Vault and your important data gets a backup.

11. Dropbox

This is one of the powerful and latest free cloud storage compared to all other cloud
storage because of its great back up features. Any type of small and large PowerPoint
presentations, photos, videos, or maybe even other large CAD files can be safely kept
in the Dropbox. Dropbox provides the users with easy sync features that help to access
the files and documents to the Dropbox from any device.

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Dropbox free storage provides users with many features that are extremely helpful. One
of the helpful features is that a user can protect all the files and documents in a lost
device by clearing the documents from the device with the remote wipe feature that it
provides. Dropbox free storage offers a good storage space (2GB) that is free but in
case of users are in need of more space, there are many plans that can help them to get
the desired storage of their choice.

File synchronization and client software:

SyncBack (recommended)

SyncBack is the best Windows backup and synchronization program on the planet,
according to its developers. This tool is reliable, flexible and robust, and its
performance has been constantly improved thanks to all the upgrades it received since
its launch in 2003.

SyncBack has 3 flavors:

 SyncBackFree – a basic, free solution for casual users

 SyncBackSE – a more complete edition for home users

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(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

 SyncBackPro – ideal for professionals at the workplace

You can install all three versions on your computer to better compare the tools and
spot the differences.

Here are the key features of SyncBack:

 Copy files to synchronize any two folders

 Create and restore backups easily

 Run programs before and after profiles

 Schedule backups at fixed times

 Unicode enabled for non-English filenames

 Process unlimited filename lengths

 Simple and Advanced mode

SyncBack certainly deserves its #1 spot when it comes to the best Windows 10 file
sync software.

Easy2Sync

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Easy2Sync keeps your data synced between your computers. It is rather a specialized
software that comes in two variants: Easy2Sync for files and Easy2Sync for Outlook.

Easy2Sync for Files has a dedicated wizard to help you get started. All data is kept on
your computers, no third-party elements are involved in the sync process. You can set
the tool to sync your files silently or prompt dialog pop-ups when necessary. It’s a great
Windows 10 file sync software solution.

Other features of Easy2Sync include:

 Easy2Sync supports all file types: Office files, mp3, images, movies, and any
other file types

 Unlimited folders/number of files

 Various sync filters supported

 Update your homepage: simply synchronize your files with the (s)FTP server
and all changes will be recognized and transferred.

Easy2Sync for Outlook works on Outlook 97 to 2016 and Windows NT to Windows

10. This software allows you to sync and share your Google calendar, synch
the Exchange server with Outlook, back up your Outlook emails, and more.

FreeFileSync

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(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

FreeFileSync is a free and open-source software solution, one of the best for file sync
jobs on Windows 10. It saves your time by setting up and running backup actions.

Install Freefile Sync, customize your sync settings and let this tool do its job. The user
interface is very intuitive, full of colors and you can easily see what each option does.

The list of FreeFileSync ‘s features is impressive and includes:

 No limitations on how many files you can sync

 Synchronize MTP devices

 Process multiple folder pairs

 Comprehensive and detailed error reporting

 Detect conflicts and propagate deletions

 Cross-platform: runs on Windows, Linux, Mac OS X

 Case-sensitive synchronization

PureSync

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(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

PureSync synchronizes your files and folders automatically in the background. This
file sync software solution works great with Windows 10. It offers an impressive list of
features and an easy-to-use interface.

PureSync supports local drives, server volumes, FTP, some MTP devices, WebDAV
and can copy open/locked files, and run synchronization/backup with another user.

It can also restore files from a Windows restore point and supports photo-syncing for
digital cameras.

Other features of PureSync include:

 Transfer files from one computer to another

 Automatic adaption to the folder at the destination

 Various automatic sync/ back up options: scheduled, drive connected, on

modification of a file at logon/logoff or custom events

 Filenames/path with more than 260 characters are supported

 Many filter possibilities

Synchredible

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Not many Windows 10 users have heard of Synchredible, but this tool is an
impressive file sync software, one of the best for Windows 10. You can sync
individual files or an entire drive. A user-friendly software wizard will assist you to set
up the sync options.

Synchredible also synchronizes folders via an external network or when using a USB
device. This tool backs up your files as well, transferring them to your preferred
location. The user interface is available in nine languages.

Run a PC Scan with Restoro Repair Tool to find errors causing security problems and
slowdowns. After the scan is complete, the repair process will replace damaged files
with fresh Windows files and components.

Other features of Synchredible include:

 One direction and bi-directional file sync support

 Synchronizes subdials, changed and unchanged files

 Synchronization preview

 CRC32 verification of synchronized files

 Set buffer size of copy buffers.

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5 DaaS services are:

1. CloudTop:

CloudTop is the world leading virtual Cloud Desktop innovated by Xcerion

(formerly known as iCloud.com). It is an always available online computer entirely
built in HTML5, using CloudMe as storage and XIOS/3 at its core.

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2. eyeOS

eyeOS is a web and desktop based operating system that is based on the concept of
cloud computing and enable the communication and collaboration among users for
mutual tasks and projects. It is written in three languages that are JavaScript, XML, and
PHP. Because of its distinguish user interface, it is also called a cloud desktop. eyeOS
delivers a whole desktop from the cloud and integrated with various advanced tools like
file management, personal management information tools, collaborative tools and with
various other client’s applications are also integrated into eyeOS.

3. Qubes OS
It is a security-focused based operating system for accessing, managing and sharing
information across the group members in order to enhance the communication and
collaboration. It is for personal computers. Qubes OS is an open source operating
system for laptop computers. It is also a security-oriented operating system. Qubes OS
uses the virtualization to implement security by compartmentalization and supports
both Windows and Linux virtual environment. The latest version of Qubes OS also
induces the Hypervisor Abstraction Layer (HAL) which renders Qubes OS independent
of its underlying virtualization system.

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4. Doky

It is an open source cloud computing operating system that enables the users to manage
all their desktops and group members from a centralized place. Doky is one of the best
cloud-based applications that is specially built for the developers and programmers.
Doky is to customize the personalize development environment of users by choosing
from a very selection of open-source and native application. Doky enables the software
developers to access to all the critical apps for software. It also provides a unique
platform to access effectively and efficiently all their favorite development apps in the
cloud. There is no need to adaptation and no chances of compromise in selection and
quality as well.

5. CloudMe

It is synchronization and storage that can be used in case of storing data, managing and
sharing with team members. CloudMe can be used from anywhere and access from
anywhere as well. It is for maintaining all your record in the cloud. CloudMe is
regarded as one of the best cloud storage, file synchronization and client software that
features a blue folder that appears on all devices in the same content and all files are
synchronized between devices. The others best advantage of using CloudMe are it
provides client software for MS Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Android, iOS, Google
TV, Samsung Smart TV, WD TV, Windows Storage Server for NAS and

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webbrowsers.

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(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

CloudTop QubesOs CloudMe Citrix Doky

Storage 3GB Free 5GB Free 3GB Free Not free, 1GB Free,
Starting Paid
from expandible
500INR Pay to 5TB
as you go
(per user)
storage

Secure key NA Na full disk End to end NA

management encryption Encryption
(FDE)

Network Web App Desktop OS Desktop Web App Web App

Requirements Application
with online
connection

Sharing Sharing Cloud Cloud Cloud Cloud

Options available Sharing Sharing Sharing Sharing
via
CloudMe

Cloud Runs on Has cloud Cloud Has its own Has its
Platform CloudMe storage Platform cloud server, own cloud
“qubes”, each but can run server
representing a on Azure
block of cloud or
memory GCP also

OS Platform XIOS/3 QubesOS Desktop OS Runs on Linux VM

Windows
VM, can
also have
Linux as an
OS

Conclusion:- Thus we have studied the cloud computing and its various architectures

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