xd;wpaKk; mjd; Ml;rpg;gug;Gk

xd;wpaKk; mjd; Ml;rpg;gug;Gk;

gphpT 1 Xd;wpaj;jpd; ngaUk; mjd; gug;Gk;
gphpT 2 xU Gjpa khepyj;ijr; NrHj;jy; my;yJ epWTjy;
gphpT 2A rpf;fpk; ,e;jpahtpd; ,izg;G khepyk; - ePf;fg;gl;lJ
gphpT 3 xU Gjpa khepyj;ij cUthf;Fjy;> ,Uf;Fk; khepyq;fspd;
gug;Gfs;> vy;iyfs; kw;Wk; ngaHfis khw;Wjy;
gphpT 4 ,Uf;Fk; khepyj;jpd; gug;G Kjypaitfs; khw;wg;gl;lhNyh>
murpayikg;gpy; mit njhlHghd jpUj;jq;fis
ghuhSkd;wkhdJ vspa ngUk;ghd;ikapd; (Simple Majority
Parliament) mbg;gilapy; rl;lkhf ,aw;wp epiwN;tw;w Ntz;Lk;.
Mdhy; ,e;j jpUj;jk; ruj;J 368-d; fPohd xU murpayikg;G
jpUj;jkhf fUjg;glhJ.

Nkw;fz;litfis vt;thW nra;tJ gFjpfSld; NruNth my;yJ

vd;gjw;Fz;lhd eilKiwfSk; jd;dpr;irahf ,Uf;fNth mjpfhuk;
(procedures) ruj;J 3-d; fPohfNt mspf;fg;gl;lJ.
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.  552 khfhz khepyq;fspy;> ,e;jpa
 ruj;J 2 kw;Wk; 3 rl;lj;jpw;Fz;lhd Gtpapay; vy;iyfisf; fUj;jpy;
kNrhjh (Bill) ,e;jpa FbauRj; nfhz;L 3 khfhz khepyq;fisj;
jiythpd; ghpe;Jiuapd; Nghpy;jhd; jtpu 549- Mk; ,e;jpahNthL
ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg; gl ,ize;jd.
Ntz;Lk;.  me;j 3 khfhz khepyq;fs;
 vdpDk;> FbauRj; jiytH 1. i`juhghj; - gilnaLg;gpd;
Nkw;fz;lthW ghpe;Jiu nra;tjw;F (Police action) %yKk;
Kd;dH> Nkw;gb kNrhjhthy; 2. [Pdhfhl; - nghJ thf;nfLg;G
ghjpg;gpw;Fs;shFk; khepyj;jpd; (referendum) %yKk;
rl;lkd;wj;jpw;F mk;khNrhjh Fwpj;J 3. [k;K-fh\;kPH - ,izg;G
mjd; fUj;Jfis njhptpg;gjw;fhf xg;ge;jk; (Instrument of Accession)
mDg;g Ntz;Lk;. %yKk; ,e;jpahTld;
,izf;fg;gl;ld.
1950-,y; murpayikg;G Ml;rpg;gug;ig ehd;F
gFjpfshfg; gphpe;jpUe;jJ
khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; a+dpad; 1. MSeUf;F cl;gl;l gFjpfs; (9)
gpuNjrq;fspd; cUthf;fk; 2. rl;lkd;wq;fis cila khfhz
khepyq;fs; (9)
khfhz khepyq;fspd; 3. jiyik MizaUf;F cl;gl;l
gFjpfs; kw;Wk; rpy khfhz
xUq;fpizT
khepyq;fs; (10)
4. me;jkhd kw;Wk; epNfhgH gFjpfs;
 ,e;jpa Rje;jpur; rl;lk; (1947)
,e;jpahit ,U Rje;jpu
jdpj;jdpahd gFjpfshf gphpj;jJ. S.K. jhH FO (Dhar Commission)
khfhz khepyq;fs; ,t;tpU (1948)

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 xd;wpaKk; mjd; Ml;rpg;gug;Gk

gphpf;fg;gl;L Kjy; nkhopthhp

 nkhopthhp khepyq;fs; mikf;f khepykhf Me;jpuh cUthdJ.
Kbtjw;fhd #oy;fis Muha [_d;
1948-y; ,e;jpa murhy; gry; myp FO (Fazl Ali Committee
mikf;fg;l;lJ. (1953)
 ,f;FOtpd; jiytH S.K. jhH.
 brk;gH 1948-,y; ,f; FO
 ,e;jpa murhq;fk; brk;gH 1953-y;
mwpf;ifia rkHg;gpj;jJ.
3-egHfisf; nfhz;l khepy
 ,f;FO epHthf trjpfspd; kWrPuikg;G fkp\id epakpj;jJ.
mbg;gilapNyNa ,e;jpah jiytH : 1. gry; myp
gphpf;fg;gl;l Ntz;LNkad;wp nkhopapd; cWg;gpdh;fs; : 2. Nf.vk;. gzpf;fh;
mbg;gilapy; gphpf;ff; $lhJ vd;W
fUj;J njhptpj;jJ. : 3. Nf.vd;. Fd;\;U

N[.tp.gp. (J.V.P.) FO (1948)  ,f;FO nkhoptop khepy

 jhH FOtpd; mwpf;if jpUg;jp
mspf;fhjjhy; ,f;FO fhq;fpu]hy;
brk;gH 1948-,y; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
 J – Jawaharlal Nehru
 V – Vallabhai Patel
 P – Pattabi Sitaramayya
 Vg;uy; 1949-,y; mwpf;if rkHg;gpj;j
,f; FOTk;> nkhopthhp khepyq;fs;
gFg;gij epuhfhpj;jJ.
 vdpDk; nghl;b =uhKY vd;gtH jdp
Me;jpu khepyk; Nfl;Lg; Nghuhb 56
ehl;fs; cz;zh Nehd;gpUe;J gpd;G
1953-,y; nrd;id khfhzj;jpy;
,Ue;J njYq;F NgRk; gFjpfs;
1956-Mk; Mz;bw;Fg; gpd;dH cUthf;fg;gl;l khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs;
kWrPuikg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ.
Mdhy; xU nkhop – xU khepyk;
vd;Dk; nfhs;ifia epuhfhpj;jJ.
 ,f;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiuapd; gb
khepy kWrPuikg;Gr; rl;lk; (1956)
epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ.
khepy kWrPuikg;Gr; rl;lk; (1956)
 7-MtJ rl;lj; jpUj;jk;> 1956 kw;Wk;
khepy kWrPuikg;Gr; rl;lk; 1956-d;
fPo; 14 khepyq;fSk;> 6 A+dpad;
gpuNjrq;fSk; etk;gH 1> 1956-,y;
cUthf;fg;gl;d.
 15-MtJ khepykhf F[uhj; 1960-,y;
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;
Mz;L khepy / A+dpad; gpuNjrk; vj;jidahtJ khepyk;
jpUj;jk;
1960 F[uhj; 15-tJ khepyk;
10-tJ murpayikg;Gj;
1961 jhj;uh kw;wk; ehfH `Ntyp
jpUj;jk;
12-tJ murpayikg;Gj;
1962 Nfhth> lhkd; kw;Wk; ilA+
jpUj;jk;
14-tJ murpayikg;Gj;
1962 ghz;br;Nrhp
jpUj;jk;

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 xd;wpaKk; mjd; Ml;rpg;gug;Gk

1963 ehfhyhe;J 16
1966 `hpahdh 17
1971 ,khr;ryg; gpuNjrk; 18
kzpg;G+H 19
1972 jphpGuh 20
Nkfhyah 21
1975 rpf;fpk; 34 kw;Wk; 35 22
kpNrhuk; 23
1987 mUzhr;ry gpuNjrk; 24
Nfhth 25
rj;jP]f
; H 26
2000 cj;uhQ;ry; 27
[hHfz;l; 28

ngaH khw;wq;fs;
vz; Mz;L gioa ngaH Gjpa ngaH
1. 1950 If;fpa khfhzk; cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;
2. 1969 nkl;uh]; jkpo;ehL
3. 1973 ik#H fHehlfk;
yl;rj;jPTfs;> kpdpfha; kw;Wk;
4. 1973 yl;rj;jPTfs;
mkpz;btp jPTfs;
nly;yp Njrpa efug; gpuNjrk; -
5. 1992 nly;yp A+dpad; gpuNjrk;
nly;yp
6. 1995 gk;gha; Kk;ig
7. 1996 nkl;uh]; nrd;id
8. 2000 fy;fj;jh nfhy;fj;jh
9. 2006 cj;jpuhQ;ry; cj;jufhz;l;
10. 2006 ngq;fSH ngq;fSU
11. 2007 ghz;br;Nrhp GJr;Nrhp

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