PROJECT REPORT

ON

DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT IN AJMER

Submitted in partial fulfillment of

The requirement for the award of the degree

Of

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY

In

“ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF RIVERS AND LAKES”

By

TUSHAR MATHUR

Guided by

Dr. S.K.SINGAL

Senior Scientific Officer

ALTERNATE HYDRO ENERGY CENTRE

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE

Sept 2012
 ABSTRACT

In India the effluent and sewage discharged from industries and urban settlements are the
major source of pollution of surface water bodies like rivers, lakes, wetlands etc. resulting their
environmental degradations. Therefore proper collection, treatment and disposal of industrial
wastes and domestic sewage is an essential pre-requisite for conservation of aforesaid natural
water bodies in order to maintain their environmental sustainability which is also related to the
general health of the public and the improvement of quality of life.

As per study carried out in 2003-04 by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), in India, the
total waste water generation from class-I and class-II towns was 29000 million liters per day
(MLD) in which only 6000 MLD received after treatment. The municipal wastewater treatment
capacity developed so far in India is about 7000 MLD accounting for 24% of wastewater
generation in these two classes of urban centers showing a huge gap between the sewage
generation and treatment capacity. Treated or partly treated or untreated wastewater is disposed
into natural drains joining rivers or lakes or used on land for irrigation/fodder cultivation or
disposed into the sea or a combination of them. The problem of treating sewage to the desired
standards does not end with the construction of treatment plants. It is important that the assets
created are operated and maintained properly.

Domestic wastewater contains both solid and dissolved pollutants including faecal matter, paper,
urine, sanitary items, food residues and a variety of other contaminants. The sewer network
usually also receive wastewaters from office and commercial properties and from industrial
premises. Rainwater from roofs and roads may also drain into the sewer network.

The combined flow from these various sources travels through the sewer system and ultimately
to a ‘sewage works’ where it receives treatment before discharge of the treated effluent to a
stream, river, estuary or the sea. Collecting and treating wastewater has been even more
beneficial to human health than the health service because it stopped water-borne diseases such
as cholera and typhoid.
Waste water treatment combines biological, chemical and physical unit process to purify large
volumes of sewage. Each unit process often based on a naturally occurring process- targets
specific contaminants in a unique way. By analyzing waste water constituents at various stages
of treatment, laboratory professionals play a vital role in the efficient operation of waste water
treatment plants and thus help to protect the environmental and public health.

In the present project work, a study has been carried out on requirement of Sewage Treatment
Plant at Ajmer. The construction, installation and operation and maintenance cost of 13 MLD
Sewage Treatment Plant is based on Cyclic Activated Sludge Process/SBR Technology.The
various process occurring are:

1. Screening: The influent sewage water passes through a bar screen to remove all large objects
like cans, rags, sticks, plastic packets etc. carried in the sewage stream.. The raking action of a
mechanical bar screen is typically paced according to the accumulation on the bar screens and/or
flow rate..

2. Grit Removal : Pre-treatment may include a sand or grit channel or chamber, where the
velocity of the incoming sewage is adjusted to allow the settlement of sand, grit, stones, and
broken glass. These particles are removed because they may damage pumps and other
equipment.

3. Primary Treatment: In the primary sedimentation stage, sewage flows through large tanks,
commonly called "pre-settling basins", "primary sedimentation tanks" or "primary clarifiers. The
tanks are used to settle sludge while grease and oils rise to the surface and are skimmed off.

4. Secondary Treatment: is designed to substantially degrade the biological content of the

sewage which are derived from human waste, food waste, soaps and detergent. The process
involves air or oxygen being introduced into a mixture of screened, and primary treated sewage
or industrial wastewater (wastewater) combined with organisms to develop a biological floc
which reduces the organic content of the sewage.

5. Secondary Sedimentation: The final step in the secondary treatment stage is to settle out the
biological floc or filter material through a secondary clarifier and to produce sewage water
containing low levels of organic material and suspended matter.
6.Sludge Treatment And Disposal: The sludge accumulated in a wastewater treatment process
must be treated and disposed of in a safe and effective manner. The purpose of digestion is to
reduce the amount of organic matter and the number of disease-causing microorganisms present
in the solids.

7.Anaerobic digestion: Anaerobic digestion is the most common (mesophilic) treatment of

domestic sewage in septic tanks, which normally retain the sewage from one day to two days,
reducing the BOD by about 35 to 40 percent. This reduction can be increased with a combination
of anaerobic and aerobic treatment by installing Aerobic Treatment Units (ATUs) in the septic
tank.

8.Aerobic digestion: Aerobic digestion can also be achieved by using diffuser systems or jet
aerators to oxidize the sludge. Fine bubble diffusers are typically the more cost-efficient
diffusion method, however, plugging is typically a problem due to sediment settling into the
smaller air holes. Coarse bubble diffusers are more commonly used in activated sludge tanks
(generally a side process in waste water management) or in the flocculation stages. A key
component for selecting diffuser type is to ensure it will produce the required oxygen transfer
rate.

9. Sludge Disposal: When a liquid sludge is produced, further treatment may be required to
make it suitable for final disposal. Typically, sludges are thickened (dewatered) to reduce the
volumes transported off-site for disposal. There is no process which completely eliminates the
need to dispose of biosolids.