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Energies in Flowing Fluid

General equation for steady
flow of any fluid
Energy equation for steady flow
of incompressible fluids
Hydraulic grade line and
Energy line
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 Kinetic Energy – due to velocity of
flowing fluid particles

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 Potential Energy – due to elevation of
fluid particle

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 Internal Energy

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 Inlaminar flow through a circular
pipe the velocity profile is a
parabola, the equation of which is
u=um[1-(r/ro)2], where u is the
velocity at any radius r, um is the
maximum velocity in the center of
the pipe where r=0, and ro is the

radius to the wall of the pipe. Find

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Steady State Flow Conditions

First law of Thermodynamics

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 p1 V12
  p2 V2 2

  z1  1  I1   hM  QH    z2   2  I2 
 1 2g   2 2g 

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