Name: Ammad Jabbar Electrical Machine

Design
ID:F2016019100
Dr Irfan
Ullah

Assignment#5

OUTPUT EQUATION OF INDUCTION MOTOR

The torque produced by Three phase Induction motor depends upon

the following three factors:
Firstly the magnitude of rotor current, secondly the flux which interact
with the rotor of three phase induction motor and is responsible for
producing emf in the rotor part of induction motor , lastly the power
factor of rotor of the three phase induction motor.
Combining all these factors, we get the equation of torque as-

T ∝ ϕ I 2 cosθ 2

Where, T is the torque produced by the induction motor,

φ is flux responsible for producing induced emf,
I2 is rotor current,
cosθ2 is the power factor of rotor circuit.
The flux φ produced by the stator is proportional to stator emf
E1.i.e φ ∝ E1
We know that transformation ratio K is defined as the ratio of
secondary Voltage (rotor voltage) to that of primary voltage (stator
voltage).

E2
K=
E1
OR
E2
K=
φ
OR E 2=φ

Rotor Current I2 is defined as the ratio of rotor induced emf under

running condition, sE2 to total impedance, Z2 of rotor side,
sE 2
ie I 2=
Z2

and total impedance Z2 on rotor side is given by,

2
Z 2= √ R2 2+ ( s X 2 )

Putting this value in above equation we get,

sE 2
I 2= 2
2
√R 2+ ( s X 2 )

s = slip of induction motor

We know that Power factor is defined as ratio of resistance to that of
impedance. The power factor of the rotor circuit is
R2 R2
Cosθ 2=
Z 2 √ R 2+ ( sX 2 )2
= 2

Putting the value of flux φ, rotor current I2, power factor cosθ2 in the
equation of torque we get,

sE 2 R2
T ∝ E 2= 2
x 2
2 2
√ R 2+( s X 2 ) √ R 2+( sX 2 )
Combining similar term we get,
R2
T ∝ sE ²2 2
2
√R 2+ ( sX 2 )

Removing proportionality constant we get,

R2 3
T =K sE 2 2 K=
√R 2
2+ ( sX 2 )
2 2π ns

Where, ns is synchronous speed in r. p. s, ns = Ns / 60. So, finally the

equation of torque becomes,

R2 3
T =sE2 2 X N−M
2
√ R 2+( sX 2 ) 2 2 π ns
Derivation of K in torque equation.
In case of three phase induction motor, there occur copper losses in
rotor. These rotor copper losses are expressed as
Pc = 3I22R2
We know that rotor current,

sE 2
I 2= 2
2
√R 2+ ( s X 2 )

Substitute this value of I2 in the equation of rotor copper losses, Pc. So,
we get

2
sE 2
P c=3 R 2
(√ 2
R 2+ ( s X 2 )
2 )
3 R 2 s2 E2 2
P c= 2
R 2+ ( s X 2 )2

The ratio of P2 : Pc : Pm = 1 : s : (1 – s)
Where, P2 is the rotor input,
Pc is the rotor copper losses,
Pm is the mechanical power developed.

Pc
=s/ ¿(1 – s)
Pm

P m=¿(1 – s) Pc /s

Substitute the value of Pc in above equation we get,

2 2
1 (1 – s)3 R 2 s E 2
P m= x 2
s R2 2+ ( s X 2 )

On simplifying we get,
(1 – s)3 R 2 s 2 E2 2
P m= 2
R 2 2+ ( s X 2 )

The mechanical power developed P = Tω,

m

2 πN
ω=
60
2 πN
P m=T
60
Substituting the value of Pm

2 2
2 πN 1 (1 – s)3 R 2 s E 2
T = x 2
60 s R2 2+ ( s X 2 )
2 2
60 1 (1 – s)3 R 2 s E 2
T= x 2
2 πN s R2 2+ ( s X 2 )

We know that the rotor speed N = Ns(1 – s)

Substituting this value of rotor speed in above equation we get,

2 2
60 1 (1 – s)3 R 2 s E 2
T= x x 2
2 π N s (1 – s) s R2 2+ ( s X 2 )

Ns is speed in revolution per minute (rpm) and ns is speed in revolution

per sec (Rps) and the relation between the two is

Ns
=n s
60
Substitute this value of Ns in above equation and simplifying it we get
3 s E2 R 2
T= x 2
2 π N s R 2+ ( s X 2 )2

R2
T =K s E 2 2
R 2+ ( s X 2 )2
2

Comparing both the equations, we get, constant K = 3 / 2πns