CHEMISTRY

PROJECT
Name – Masihur Rahaman Sk
Class – XI
Section - A
ATOMIC
STRUCTURE
 DALTON’S ATOMIC
THEORY
 All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are
indivisible and indestructible.
 All atoms of a given element are identical in
mass and properties.
 Compounds are formed by a combination of
two or more different kinds of atoms.
 A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of
atoms.
 DRAWBACKS OF DALTON’S
ATOMIC THEORY

 The indivisibility of an atom was

proved wrong: an atom can be
further subdivided into protons,
neutrons and electrons.
 However an atom is the smallest
particle that takes part in chemical
reactions.
 His theory was not able to explain
exlistence of allotropes
 J.J.THOMSON MODEL: (PLUM
PUDDING MODEL )

 Thomson, who discovered the electron in

1897, proposed the plum pudding model of
the atom in 1904 before the discovery of the
atomic nucleus in order to include the electron
in the atomic model.
 The ‘plum pudding’ model of the atom was
proposed by JJ Thomson, who had also
discovered the electron. ... According to this
model, the atom is a sphere of positive
charge, and negatively charged electrons are
embedded in it to balance the total positive
 DRAWBACK OF
THOMSON’S MODEL

 The model of atom failed to

explain how a positive charge
holds the negatively charged
electrons in an atom.
 This theory also failed to
account for the position of the
nucleus in an atom.
 RUTHERFORD MODEL:
(PLANETARY MODEL)

 The whole mass of the atom is

concentrated in the center of atom
called nucleus.
 The positively charged particles are
present in the nucleus of atom.
 The charge on the nucleus of an
atom is equal to (+z.e) where Z=
charge number, e = charge of proton.
 DRAWBACK OF
RUTHERFORD MODEL

 It can’t explain the stability of an

atom
 It couldnt explain the concept of
the electronic configuration and
energy levels of shells
 It couldnt explain the properties of
atoms to form molecules
 NIELS BOHR’S ATOMIC
THEORY

 Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that

have a set size and energy.
 The energy of the orbit is related to its
size.
 The lowest energy is found in the
smallest orbit.
 Radiation is absorbed or emitted when an
electron moves from one orbit to another.
 DRAWBACK OF BOHR’S
MODEL

 The Bohr Model is very limited in

terms of size.
 Poor spectral predictions are
obtained when larger atoms are in
question.
 It cannot predict the relative
intensities of spectral lines.
 CONCLUSI
ON

Overtime many scientists have given different models and

concepts of atom. Though the concepts are developed from the
ones presented before it. The newer ones gave a more developed
and improved concept which showed the drawbacks of the previous
ones and solved them . Overall it can be concluded that model of
an atom is still a developing concept.
THANK
YOU