1

Chapter-1
03
 Abstract

Chapter-2
05
 Introduction

Chapter-3
 Objectives
 Advantages 10

Chapter-4
14
 System Requirements

Chapter-5
16
 System analysis
 Feasibility study

Chapter-6
 System Design 19
Chapter-7
 Data flow diagrams 22
Chapter-8
 Implementation
 Source code 25
 Screen shots
Chapter-9 38
 Testing

Chapter-10
 Conclusion 41
 Bibliography

CONTENTS
2
 CHAPTER-1

ABSTRACT
The BMI is a measure of relative weight based on an individual’s mass and height. Now a days
the BMI is commonly used to classify underweight, overweight and obesity. Moreover, it is
adopted by the British government in an effort to promote healthy eating. BMI is not appropriate
indicator for assessing weight in athletes with great sports experience in sports which require
physical strength. It is very likely that in child athletes with greater muscles mass, BMI is again
not an adequate indicator (kilo mechkov, 2013). In these cases, more anthropometric data (%fat,
skin folds) should be taken, as well as strength indicators (data for muscle hypertrophy and
dynamometers).

3
CHAPTER-2

4
 INTRODUCTION

The BMI is a statistical measurement derived from your height and weight. Although it is
considered to be a useful way to estimate healthy body weight, it does not measure the
percentage of body fat. The BMI measurement can sometimes be misleading  a
muscleman may have a high BMI but have much less fat than an unfit person whose BMI
is lower. However, in general, the BMI measurement can be a useful indicator for the
'average person’. The BMI equation (BMI = Body Mass Index) was originally framed by
Adolphe Quetelet, a Belgium mathematician and scientist, between 1830 and 1850. Adolphe
was the first person to think of relating weight to height in a statistical, expressible manner.

While the BMI tool is fairly reliable, it is only one tool that physicians use in evaluating a
person's health status. It is important to take other measures like blood pressure, cardiac
health, physical inactivity and abdominal girth. Also keep in mind that BMI does not
distinguish between muscles mass and fat mass. A particularly athletic person whose
weight is higher due to muscle may have a BMI that indicates that they are overweight,
when their weight is simply higher due to muscle mass. We can find out the BMI by using
the formula: BMI = WEIGHT (in kilograms)

5
History

The Body Mass Index is sometimes called the Quetelet Index after its creator, a Belgian
mathematician, astronomer, sociologist, statistician and all-around genius named Lambert
Adolphe Jacques Quetelet. He came up with the idea sometime between 1830 and 1850 as part
of his development of ‘social physics’.

Even so, it was seldom used and only started to become popular in the latter part of the 20th
century. The term Body Mass Index was first coined by Ancel Keys and other authors of a paper
published in the Journal of Chronic Diseases in July 1972. According to the paper, BMI was
“at least as good as any other relative weight index as an indicator of relative obesity.” At least
Keys acknowledged that it was “not fully satisfactory.”

Prior to the 1980s, physicians used weight for height tables which differed according to gender.
It was during this decade that the BMI calculator became the international standard for obesity
measurement. Once governments around the world began noting the obesity problem in society,
and started launching healthier lifestyle initiatives, the public at large became aware of BMI.

Initially, the threshold for being overweight was 27.8 but it was lowered to 25 internationally. In
1998, the United States National Institutes of Health followed suit and also reduced the BMI
figure. This move resulted in 30 million Americans becoming classified as overweight
overnight!

What is the Body Mass Index Used for?

Even though the Body Mass Index is over 150 years old, major health authorities such as the
CDC and NIH in the United States still believe it is a ‘fairly reliable indicator of body fatness for
most people.’

2.1 Public Health Statistics

Even today, BMI is used as the official measure of national obesity rates. For instance, the
European Union continues to use it as a yardstick for the obesity epidemic and also suggests that
people with higher BMI are at greater risk of diseases such as hypertension, cancer, and
cardiovascular disease.

6
According to the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, your risk of developing conditions
such as type-2 diabetes increases progressively as your BMI rises above 21.

2.2 Weight Range Analysis

The BMI range is also considered to be an accurate measure of your weight range. Therefore, if
you have a BMI of 27, you are considered overweight regardless of what you actually weigh and
your body composition or gender is not taken into account.

2.3 Screening Tool for Weight Problems

If a physician calculates a higher than normal BMI, the next step is to see if you are at risk of
certain health problems. In fact, the main purpose of BMI is to determine whether you’re likely
to develop a serious medical problem later in life.

In France for example, BMI is used as a screening tool for child malnutrition. The CDC
champions the BMI scale as an effective means of determining whether children and teenagers
are underweight, overweight, or obese.

2.4 Fashion Industry

The fashion industry’s obsession with exceedingly thin models has ensured that the BMI
calculator has a permanent home there. The industry is constantly under fire for forcing women,
in particular, to attain what the UK Women’s Equality Party calls “an unattainable level of
thinness in women.” The party has called on all models with a BMI below 18.5 to be seen by a
physician from an accredited list who will decide if that woman is healthy enough to work.

There is a law to that effect in Israel where male and female models with a BMI under 18.5 much
obtain a medical certificate confirming a ‘normal’ BMI reading. For reference, Kate Moss, one
of the most famous models ever, had a BMI of just 15 at the height of her fame. By any measure,
including BMI, she was severely thin.

7
8
 CHAPTER-3

OBJECTIVES
This professional development resource aims to assist early childhood professionals in tackling
the risk of obesity in young children. BMI stands for Body Mass Index, which represents a
relationship between height and weight. The BMI is calculated by dividing the weight in
kilograms by the height in meters squared.

BMI is a screening tool that can indicate whether a person is underweight or if they have a
healthy weight, excess weight, or obesity. If a person's BMI is outside of the healthy range, their
health risks may increase significantly.

9
CHAPTER-4

10
 ADVANTAGES
Body mass index or BMI, is an easy-to-calculate measure of obesity based on the ratio of your
weight and your height. It’s convenient to use because it doesn’t require expensive equipment or
a clinical settings to measure just knowledge of your height & weight and it’s useful for most
people to get a general idea of your disease risk. BMI isn’t perfect, however, and while it’s
beneficial in some circumstances, it has some major limitation if you’re trying to use it to gauge
your individual disease risk.

Accurate measurements across a group BMI works well for what it was intended to do, measure
rates of obesity in a population. Because it’s a general measure of obesity that will work for most
people, looking at changes in BMI level allow researchers to get a good idea of how rates of
overweight and obesity differ overtime, or between populations explains the centers for disease
control and prevention. Because it’s a relatively simply way to measure obesity in a population,
this allows health researchers to more easily gather data they can use to investigate the obesity
epidemic or, for e.g.: look at how dietary patterns affect the risk of obesity in large groups of
people. It’s not prohibitively expensive to measure unlike, for e.g.: body fat measurements so
researchers can afford to can look at larger groups of study subjects to pick out trends in larger
segments of the population.

BMI can also help your physician gauge your general risk of obesity – related diseases though
BMI is best used in combination with other measurements to get a more complete look at your
health.

To calculate your BMI, use this equation:

BMI=weight/height *703. Plug in your weight & height.

A BMI between 18.5 & 24.9 is considered a healthy weight.

11
 DIS ADVANTAGES
BMI overestimates risk for some

While BMI might underestimate the risk for people with normal weight but high body
fat, it can overestimate the risk for muscular, healthy people. Someone putting in serious time at
the weight room might have a body weight that pushes their BMI into the “overweight” or
“obese” category, even if they carry very little body fat and therefore have a lower risk of
obesity-related diseases than someone at the same weight with more fat tissue.

BMI also doesn’t distinguish between the type of fat you carry subcutaneous or visceral fat.
While subcutaneous fat –the fat you see under your skin, which you can pinch—affects the way
you look, it’s visceral fat—“hidden” fat located deep in your abdomen that surrounds your
internal organs – that poses the highest health risk. If you’re slightly overweight, but most of
your fat is from subcutaneous fat—for e.g.: in your hips and things – you’ll face a lower health
risk than someone who has the same weight and fat level, but stores most of his fat as harmful
visceral fat.

BMI misses normal weight obesity

Because BMI is simply a measure of your weight versus your height, it doesn’t take into
account where that weight comes from lean tissue or fat. For this reason, you might have a
normal “healthy” weight, according to your BMI, but still face health risks due to excess body
fat. For e.g.: excess abdominal fat that pushes your waistline to larger than 35 inches for women
& 40 inches for men ups your risk of obesity- related diseases, according to the national
institutes of health, regardless of your BMI. And normal weight obesity—which happens when
you’re over fat, but not over weight, according to BMI—increases your blood lipid & blood
pressure levels, which increases your risk of heart disease

12
CHAPTER-5

13
 System requirements
Hardware specifications:-

Processor : Intel Pentium IV 2.4GHZ or above

RAM : 512MB Minimum
Hard Disk : 80GB

Monitor : 15 VGA Color

Software specifications:-

Operating system : Windows 7 or above

Technologies : HTML, CSS

Browser : Google chrome

14
 SYSTEM DESIGN
Entity-Relationship Diagram:

This depicts relationship between data objects. The attribute of each data objects. The attribute if
each data objects noted in the entity-relationship diagram can be described using a data object
description. Data flow diagram serves two purposes:

1. To provide an indication of how data are transformed as they move through the system.
2. To depict the functions that transformation the data flow.

Data Objects:

A data object is a representation of almost any composite information that must be understood by
the software. By composite information, we can something that there is no reference within a
data object to operations that act on the data.

Attributes:

Attributes define the properties of a data object and take on one of three different characteristics.

Relationships: Data objects are connected to one another in a variety of different ways. We can
define a set of object relationship pairs that define the relevant relationships.

 CARDINALITY AND MODALITY:

 Cardinality: The data model must be capable of representing the number of
occurrences of objects in a given relationship. The cardinality of an object
relationship pair is
♦ One-T0-One (1:1): An occurrence of object ‘A’ can relate to one and only
one occurrence of object ‘B’ and vice versa.
♦ One-To-Many (1:N): One occurrence of object ‘A’ can relate to one or may
occurrences of object ‘B’ but an occurrence of object ‘B’ can relate to only one
occurrence of object ‘A’.
♦ Many-To-Many (M: N): An occurrences of ‘B’ and an occurrence of ‘B’ can
relate to one or many occurrence of ‘A’
 Modality: The modality of a relationship is zero if there is no explicit need for
the relationship to occur or the relationship is optional. The Modality is one if
the occurrence of the relationship is mandatory.

15
The object relationship pair can be represented graphically using the Entity Relationship
Diagrams. A set of primary components are identified for the Entity Relationship Diagram,

1. Attributes,

2. Relationships and

3. Various Type Indicators.

The primary purpose of the Entity Relationship Diagram is to represent data objects and their
relationships.

16
CHAPTER-6

17
 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
EXISTING SYSTEM
The existing system is somewhat time consuming and hard to calculate. Calculators are
small, portable electronic devices used to perform simple as well as complex calculations in a
fraction of second. The idea of a calculator came from Abacus used long back in 2000 BC; after
that there were various inventions and mechanical calculators came in use . Scientific
calculators were made to solve the scientific calculations. But in the 21st century where people
have started using laptops, tablets, smartphones etc.then why would they carry such calculators.
So in this research paper I am introducing an android application known as the All in one
calculator, where in all sorts of calculations from simple arithmetic calculations to long
scientific calculations can be done in just a click on the smart phone screen. The users of this
application will have a tool to do all sorts of calculations with ease.
Disadvantages:
The following are the disadvantages of the existing system -
I. It is very time consuming
II. Lot of energy and effort is wasted.
III. Wastage of Pages.
IV. Hard to maintain old records.
V. Queries are hard applied.
Proposed System:

The main scope is to maintain the health. The BMI website gives us all the information i.e. it
gives suggestion for our health and tells us what we should eat and what to avoid. When we
enter the height and weight we get all the information i.e. are we overweight or underweight etc.

18
 Feasibility
Reliability, availability and compatibility. All these make Eclipse an appropriate language for
this project. Thus our project is technically feasible.

A.Economical Feasibility:

Based on the estimates that have been gathered from the preceding sections of the study, the
organization needs to determine its overall financial situation.
Questions such as the following need to be considered:
What is total startup costs required to begin the operation?
 What are the operating costs
are involved? As far as the project is
concerned,
There are financial benefits arising due to improved reliability and accuracy of information.
The system has little hardware requirement which minimizes the hardware procurement cost.
Thus the system is economically feasible since it outcasts the entire overhead incurred due to
implementation.
The computerized system will help in automate the selection leading the profits and details of
the organization. With this software, the machine and manpower utilization are expected to go
up by 80-90% approximately. The costs incurred of not creating the system are set to be great,
because precious time can be wanted by manually.

B. operational fesibility
The system is easier to handle and does not require special training to handle it. Proper alerts
and messages are provided to inform the user of any special events.
The user will be easily able to adapt to the system. The system keeps the records very precisely
and information can be accessed within few second.

19
CHAPTER-7

20
Data flow diagrams
Start

Input Height, Weight

Calculate

BMI=weight/height2

BMI & Suggestions

Print you are under weight. Consult a Print you are overweight. Consult a
doctor! doctor!

Print you are okay but a little workout never

hurt anybody

Stop

21
22
CHAPTER-8

23
Implementation
 Modules
 Source Code
 Screen shots

24
 MODULES
The modules used for implementing the BMI Dashboard is

1. User: The user gives the input that is Height and Weight which are used to calculate BMI

2. Admin: The admin takes the input and calculates the BMI using the formula

BMI=weight/height2

And also prints the output.

25
 Source code
Index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

<meta charset="UTF-8">

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">

<link href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css"
rel="stylesheet"

integrity="sha384-
MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO"
crossorigin="anonymous">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">

<script src="functionality.js"></script>

<title>BMI Dashboard</title>

</head>

<body>

<div class="display-4 text-center">BMI Dashboard</div>

<div class="container" style="margin-top: 40px;">

26
 <div class="row">

<div class="col-md-6" style="padding-bottom: 5px;">

<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" style="width: 100%; padding: 10px; "

onclick="location.reload(true);">Clear</button>

</div>

<div class="col-md-6">

<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" style="width: 100%; padding: 10px;"

onclick="BMIFunction()">Calculate</button>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<div class="container">

<div class="row justify-content-center">

<div class="col-sm-4">

<h4>Weight</h4>

<form>

<div class="form-group">

<table style="width:100%">

<tr>

<td><input id="lbsInput" type="number" step="0.0001" class="form-control form-

control-lg"

placeholder="Pounds...">

</td>

<td>lbs</td>

</tr>

27
 <tr>

<td><input id="kgInput" type="number" step="0.0001" class="form-control form-

control-lg"

placeholder="Kilograms...">

</td>

<td>kg</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><input id="gmInput" type="number" step="0.0001" class="form-control form-

control-lg"

placeholder="Grams..."></td>

<td>gm</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><input id="ozInput" type="number" step="0.0001" class="form-control form-

control-lg"

placeholder="Ounces..."></td>

<td>oz</td>

</tr>

</table>

</div>

</form>

</div>

<div class="col-sm-4">

<h4>Height</h4>

<form>

28
 <div class="form-group">

<table style="width:100%">

<tr>

<td><input id="cmInput" type="number" step="0.0001" class="form-control form-

control-lg"

placeholder="Centimeters..."></td>

<td>cm</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><input id="inchInput" type="number" step="0.0001" class="form-control form-

control-lg"

placeholder="Inches..."></td>

<td>in</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><input id="mInput" type="number" step="0.0001" class="form-control form-

control-lg"

placeholder="Meters..."></td>

<td>m</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><input id="ftInput" type="number" step="0.0001" class="form-control form-

control-lg"

placeholder="Feet..."></td>

<td>ft</td>

</tr>

</table>

29
 </div>

</form>

</div>

<div class="col-sm-4">

<h4>Health Index</h4>

<form>

<div class="form-group">

<div class="indexcol" id="bmi" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-top: 10px;">

<p>Body Mass Index...</p>

</div>

<div class="indexcol" id="calIn" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-top: 10px;">

<p>Calorie In...</p>

</div>

<div class="indexcol" id="calOut" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-top: 10px;">

<p>Calorie Out...</p>

</div>

<div class="indexical" id="comment" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-top: 10px;">

<p>Comment...</p>

</div>

</div>

</form>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<div class="footer" style="font-size: 13px;">

30
 <!-- Copyright -->

<div class="footer-copyright text-center py-3">© 2019 Copyright |

<a href="https://improv-media-placeholder.netlify.com/" style="text-decoration: none; color:

white"><b>Improv Media</b></a>

</div>

<!-- Copyright -->

</div>

</body>

</html>

Style.html
body{

background-color: #333;

color: #fff;

max-width: 80%;

margin: auto;

margin-top: 30px;

.row{

margin-top: 40px;

.display-4{

padding-top: 20px;

#lbsInput{

31
 width: 80%;

margin-top: 20px;

font-size: 11px;

#kgInput{

width: 80%;

margin-top: 20px;

font-size: 11px;

#gmInput{

width: 80%;

margin-top: 20px;

font-size: 11px;

#ozInput{

width: 80%;

margin-top: 20px;

font-size: 11px;

#cmInput{

width: 80%;

margin-top: 20px;

font-size: 11px;

#mInput{

32
 width: 80%;

margin-top: 20px;

font-size: 11px;

#inchInput{

width: 80%;

margin-top: 20px;

font-size: 11px;

#ftInput{

width: 80%;

margin-top: 20px;

font-size: 11px;

#bmiInput{

width: 80%;

margin-top: 20px;

font-size: 11px;

#calinInput{

width: 80%;

margin-top: 20px;

font-size: 11px;

#caloutInput{

33
 width: 80%;

margin-top: 20px;

font-size: 11px;

#ratioInput{

width: 80%;

margin-top: 20px;

font-size: 11px;

.indexcol{

margin-top:16px;

margin-bottom:16px;

background: #666;

color: #fff;

height: 60px;

border-radius: 5px;

font-size: 14px;

.footer {

position: fixed;

left: 0;

bottom: 0;

width: 100%;

background-color: #666;

color: white;

34
 text-align: center;

35
Screen Shots

36
37
CHAPTER-9

TESTING
Unit Testing:

38
 Unit testing refers to tests that verify the functionality of a specific section of code,

usually at the function level. In an object-oriented environment, this is usually at the class

level, and the minimal unit tests include the constructors and destructors.

 These types of tests are usually written by developers as they work on code (white-box

style), to ensure that the specific function is working as expected. One function might

have multiple tests, to catch corner cases or other branches in the code. Unit testing alone

cannot verify the functionality of a piece of software, but rather is used to ensure that the

building blocks of the software work independently from each other.

 Unit testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of

a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software

development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer

during the construction phase of the software development lifecycle. Rather than replace

traditional QA focuses, it augments it. Unit testing aims to eliminate construction errors

before code is promoted to QA; this strategy is intended to increase the quality of the

resulting software as well as the efficiency of the overall development and QA process.

 Depending on the organization's expectations for software development, unit testing

might include static code analysis, data-flow analysis, metrics analysis, peer code

reviews, code coverage analysis and other software verification practices.

Integrated Testing:

Integration testing is the phase in software testing in which individual software

modules are combined and tested as a group. It occurs after unit testing and before

validation testing. Integration testing takes as its input modules that have been unit tested,

39
groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan to those

aggregates, and delivers as its output the integrated system ready for system testing.

Some different types of integration testing are big-bang, top-down, and bottom-

up, mixed and risky- hardest. Other integration patterns are collaboration integration,

backbone integration, layer integration, client-server integration, distributed services

integration and high-frequency integration.

40
CHAPTER-10

Conclusion
The package was designed in such a way that future modifications can be done easily. The
following conclusions can be deduced from the development of the project.
 Automation of the entire system improves the efficiency

41
  It provides a friendly graphical user interface which proves to be better when
compared to the existing system.
 It gives appropriate access to the authorized users depending on their
permissions.
 It effectively overcomes the time complexity.
 Updating of information becomes so easier.
 System security, data security and reliability are the striking features.
 The System has adequate scope for modification in future if it is necessary.

Bibliography

The following books was referred during the analysis an execution phase
Of the project

42
 Android Tutorial
 My bring Back .com
 The new Boston.com
 Programming with ANDROID

43
44