Key Notes

Chapter-07
Coordinate Geometry
• The length of a line segment joining A and B is the distance between two points

A (x1 , y1 ) and (x 2 , y 2 ) is {(x 2 − x1 ) 2 + (y 2 − y1 )2 }

• The distance of a point (x, y) from the origin is (x 2 + y 2 ). The distance of P from x-axis is y

units and from y-axis is x-units.

• The co-ordinates of the points p (x, y) which divides the line segment joining the points
 m x + m 2 x1 m1 y 2 + m 2 y1 
A(x1 , y1 ) and B(x 2 , y 2 ) in the ratio m1 : m 2 are  1 2 ,  we can take ratio
 m1 + m 2 m1 + m 2 

m1
as k :1, k =
m2

• The mid-points of the line segment joining the points P(x1 , y 2 ) and Q(x 2 , y 2 ) is

 x1 + x 2 y1 + y 2 
 , 
 2 2 

• The area of the triangle formed by the points (x1 , y1 ), (x 2 , y 2 ) and (x 3 , y3 ) is the numeric value

1
of the expressions [x1 (y 2 − y3 ) + x 2 (y3 − y1 ) + (y1 − y 2 )].
2

• If three points are collinear then we cannot draw a triangle, so the area will be zero i.e.

| x1 (y2 − y3 ) + x 2 (y3 − y1 ) + x 3 (y1 − y2 ) |= 0

• Centroid of a triangle and its coordinates: The medians of a triangle are concurrent. Their
point of concurrence is called the centroid. It divides each median in the ratio 2:1. The
coordinates of centroid of a triangle with vertices A ( x1 , y1 ) , and B ( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) are

 x + x + x y + y2 + y3 
given by  1 2 3 , 1 
 3 3 

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